USC Subchapter IV

USC Subchapter IV
in effect

7 U.S.C. § 3171 Congressional findings and declaration of policy

(a) FindingsCongress finds that there is increasing evidence of a relationship between diet and many of the leading causes of death in the United States: that improved nutrition is an integral component of preventive health care; that there is a serious need for research on the chronic effects of diet on degenerative diseases and related disorders; that nutrition and health considerations are important to United States agricultural policy; that there is insufficient knowledge concerning precise human nutritional requirements, the interaction of the various nutritional constituents of food, and differences in nutritional requirements among different population groups such as infants, children, adolescents, elderly men and women, and pregnant women; and that there is a critical need for objective data concerning food safety, the potential of food enrichment, and means to encourage better nutritional practices. (b) Declaration of policyIt is declared to be the policy of the United States that the Department of Agriculture conduct research in the fields of human nutrition and the nutritive value of foods and conduct human nutrition education activities, as provided in this subchapter.

7 U.S.C. § 3172 Duties of Secretary of Agriculture

In order to carry out the policy of this subchapter, the Secretary shall develop and implement a national food and human nutrition research and extension program that shall include, but not be limited to— (1) research on human nutritional requirements; (2) research on the nutrient composition of foods and the effects of agricultural practices, handling, food processing, and cooking on the nutrients they contain; (3) surveillance of the nutritional benefits provided to participants in the food programs administered by the Department of Agriculture; (4) research on the factors affecting food preference and habits; and (5) the development of techniques and equipment to assist consumers in the home or in institutions in selecting food that supplies a nutritionally adequate diet.

7 U.S.C. § 3173 Research by Department of Agriculture

(a) Increase in level of supportThe Secretary shall establish research into food and human nutrition as a separate and distinct mission of the Department of Agriculture, and the Secretary shall increase support for such research to a level that provides resources adequate to meet the policy of this subchapter. (b) Periodic consultation with administrators of other Federal departments and agenciesThe Secretary, in administering the food and human nutrition research program, shall periodically consult with the administrators of the other Federal departments and agencies that have responsibility for programs dealing with human food and nutrition, as to the specific research needs of those departments and agencies.

7 U.S.C. § 3175 Nutrition education program

(a) Definition of 1862 Institution and 1890 InstitutionIn this section, the terms “1862 Institution” and “1890 Institution” have the meaning given those terms in section 7601 of this title. (b) EstablishmentThe Secretary shall establish a national education program which shall include, but not be limited to, the dissemination of the results of food and human nutrition research performed or funded by the Department of Agriculture. (c) Employment and trainingTo enable low-income individuals and families to engage in nutritionally sound food purchasing and preparation practices, the expanded food and nutrition education program presently conducted under section 343(d) of this title, shall provide for the employment and training of professional and paraprofessional aides to engage in direct nutrition education of low-income families and in other appropriate nutrition education programs. To the maximum extent practicable, program aides shall be hired from the indigenous target population. (d) Allocation of fundingBeginning with the fiscal year ending September 30, 1982—(1) Any funds annually appropriated under section 343(d) of this title, for the conduct of the expanded food and nutrition education program, up to the amount appropriated under such section for such program for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981, shall be allocated to each State in the same proportion as funds appropriated under such section for the conduct of the program for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981, are allocated among the States; with the exception that the Secretary may retain up to 2 per centum of such amount for the conduct of such program in States that did not participate in such program in the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981. (2) Any funds appropriated annually under section 343(d) of this title, for the conduct of the expanded food and nutrition education program in excess of the amount appropriated under such section for the conduct of the program for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981, shall be allocated as follows:(A) 4 per centum shall be available to the Secretary for administrative, technical, and other services necessary for the administration of the program. (B) Notwithstanding section 343(d) of this title, the remainder shall be allocated among the States as follows:(i) $100,000 shall be distributed to each 1862 Institution and 1890 Institution. (ii) Subject to clause (iii), the remainder shall be allocated to each State in an amount that bears the same ratio to the total amount to be allocated under this clause as—(I) the population living at or below 125 percent of the income poverty guidelines (as prescribed by the Office of Management and Budget and as adjusted pursuant to section 9902(2) of title 42) in the State; bears to (II) the total population living at or below 125 percent of those income poverty guidelines in all States; as determined by the most recent decennial census at the time at which each such additional amount is first appropriated. (iii)(I) Before any allocation of funds under clause (ii), for any fiscal year for which the amount of funds appropriated for the conduct of the expanded food and nutrition education program exceeds the amount of funds appropriated for the program for fiscal year 2007, the following percentage of such excess funds for the fiscal year shall be allocated to the 1890 Institutions in accordance with subclause (II):(aa) 10 percent for fiscal year 2009. (bb) 11 percent for fiscal year 2010. (cc) 12 percent for fiscal year 2011. (dd) 13 percent for fiscal year 2012. (ee) 14 percent for fiscal year 2013. (ff) 15 percent for fiscal year 2014 and for each fiscal year thereafter. (II) Funds made available under subclause (I) shall be allocated to each 1890 Institution in an amount that bears the same ratio to the total amount to be allocated under this clause as—(aa) the population living at or below 125 percent of the income poverty guidelines (as prescribed by the Office of Management and Budget and as adjusted pursuant to section 9902(2) of title 42) in the State in which the 1890 Institution is located; bears to (bb) the total population living at or below 125 percent of those income poverty guidelines in all States in which 1890 Institutions are located; as determined by the most recent decennial census at the time at which each such additional amount is first appropriated. (iv) Nothing in this subparagraph precludes the Secretary from developing educational materials and programs for persons in income ranges above the level designated in this subparagraph. (e) Complementary administrationThe Secretary shall ensure the complementary administration of the expanded food and nutrition education program by 1862 Institutions and 1890 Institutions in a State. (f) CoordinationProjects carried out with funds made available under section 343(d) of this title, to carry out the program established under subsection (b) may be coordinated with the nutrition education and obesity prevention grant program under section 2036a of this title or another health promotion or nutrition improvement strategy, whether publicly or privately funded, as determined by the Secretary. (g) Authorization of appropriationsThere is authorized to be appropriated to carry out the expanded food and nutrition education program established under section 343(d) of this title and this section $90,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2023.

7 U.S.C. § 3175a Nutrition and consumer education; Congressional findings

Congress finds that individuals in households eligible to participate in programs under the Food Stamp Act of 1977 [7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.] and other low-income individuals, including those residing in rural areas, should have greater access to nutrition and consumer education to enable them to use their food budgets, including food assistance, effectively and to select and prepare foods that satisfy their nutritional needs and improve their diets.

7 U.S.C. § 3175b Expansion of effective food, nutrition, and consumer education services

The purpose of the program provided for under sections 3175a through 3175e of this title is to expand effective food, nutrition, and consumer education services to the greatest practicable number of low-income individuals, including those participating in or eligible to participate in the programs under the Food Stamp Act of 1977 [7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.], to assist them to— (1) increase their ability to manage their food budgets, including food stamps and other food assistance; (2) increase their ability to buy food that satisfies nutritional needs and promotes good health; and (3) improve their food preparation, storage, safety, preservation, and sanitation practices.

7 U.S.C. § 3175c Program of food, nutrition, and consumer education by State cooperative extension services

The cooperative extension services of the States shall, with funds made available under this subtitle, carry out an expanded program of food, nutrition, and consumer education for low-income individuals in a manner designed to achieve the purpose set forth in section 3175b of this title. In operating the program, the cooperative extension services may use the expanded food and nutrition education program, and other food, nutrition, and consumer education activities of the cooperative extension services or similar activities carried out by them in collaboration with other public or private nonprofit agencies or organizations. In carrying out their responsibilities under the program, the cooperative extension services are encouraged to— (1) provide effective and meaningful food, nutrition, and consumer education services to as many low-income individuals as possible; (2) employ educational methodologies, including innovative approaches, that accomplish the purpose set forth in section 3175b of this title; and (3) to the extent practicable, coordinate activities carried out under the program with the delivery to low-income individuals of benefits under food assistance programs.

7 U.S.C. § 3175d Administration of program of food, nutrition, and consumer education by State cooperative extension services

(a) Administration by Secretary of AgricultureThe program provided for under section 3175c of this title shall be administered by the Secretary of Agriculture through the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, in consultation with the Food and Nutrition Service and the Human Nutrition Information Service. The Secretary shall ensure that the National Institute of Food and Agriculture coordinates activities carried out under this subtitle with the ongoing food, nutrition, and consumer education activities of other agencies of the Department of Agriculture. (b) Evaluation and reportThe Secretary of Agriculture, not later than April 1, 1989, shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report evaluating the effectiveness of the program provided for under section 3175c of this title.

7 U.S.C. § 3175e Authorization of appropriations

(a) There are hereby authorized to be appropriated to carry out sections 3175a through 3175e of this title $8,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1991 through 1995. (b) Any funds appropriated under this section for a fiscal year shall be allocated in the manner specified in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 3175(d)(2) of this title. (c) Any funds appropriated to carry out sections 3175a through 3175e of this title shall supplement any other funds appropriated to the Department of Agriculture for use by the Department and the cooperative extension services of the States for food, nutrition, and consumer education for low-income households.

7 U.S.C. § 3178 Nutritional status monitoring

(a) Formulation of systemThe Secretary and the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall formulate and submit to Congress, within ninety days after September 29, 1977, a proposal for a comprehensive nutritional status monitoring system, to include:(1) an assessment system consisting of periodic surveys and continuous monitoring to determine: the extent of risk of nutrition-related health problems in the United States; which population groups or areas of the country face greatest risk; and the likely causes of risk and changes in the above risk factors over time; (2) a surveillance system to identify remediable nutrition-related health risks to individuals or for local areas, in such a manner as to tie detection to direct intervention and treatment. Such system should draw on screening and other information from other health programs, including those funded under titles V, XVIII, and XIX of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 701 et seq., 1395 et seq., and 1396 et seq.] and section 330 of the Public Health Service Act; 11 See References in Text note below. and (3) program evaluations to determine the adequacy, efficiency, effectiveness, and side effects of nutrition-related programs in reducing health risks to individuals and populations. (b) Coordination of existing activities; recommendation for necessary additional authoritiesThe proposal shall provide for coordination of activities under existing authorities and contain recommendations for any additional authorities necessary to achieve a comprehensive monitoring system.

7 U.S.C. § 3178a Nutrition monitoring

The Secretary of Agriculture shall— (1) in conducting the Department of Agriculture’s continuing survey of food intakes of individuals and any nationwide food consumption survey, include a sample that is representative of low-income individuals and, to the extent practicable, the collection of information on food purchases and other household expenditures by such individuals; (2) to the extent practicable, continue to maintain the nutrient data base established by the Department of Agriculture; and (3) encourage research by public and private entities relating to effective standards, methodologies, and technologies for accurate assessment of the nutritional and dietary status of individuals.

7 U.S.C. § 3179 Research on strategies to promote the selection and consumption of healthy foods

(a) In generalThe Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall establish a research, demonstration, and technical assistance program to promote healthy eating and reduce the prevalence of obesity, among all population groups but especially among children, by applying the principles and insights of behavioral economics research in schools, child care programs, and other settings. (b) PrioritiesThe Secretary shall—(1) identify and assess the impacts of specific presentation, placement, and other strategies for structuring choices on selection and consumption of healthful foods in a variety of settings, consistent with the most recent version of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans published under section 5341 of this title; (2) demonstrate and rigorously evaluate behavioral economics-related interventions that hold promise to improve diets and promote health, including through demonstration projects that may include evaluation of the use of portion size, labeling, convenience, and other strategies to encourage healthy choices; and (3) encourage adoption of the most effective strategies through outreach and technical assistance. (c) AuthorityIn carrying out the program under subsection (a), the Secretary may—(1) enter into competitively awarded contracts or cooperative agreements; or (2) provide grants to States or public or private agencies or organizations, as determined by the Secretary. (d) ApplicationTo be eligible to enter into a contract or cooperative agreement or receive a grant under this section, a State or public or private agency or organization shall submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require. (e) CoordinationThe solicitation and evaluation of contracts, cooperative agreements, and grant proposals considered under this section shall be coordinated with the Food and Nutrition Service as appropriate to ensure that funded projects are consistent with the operations of Federally supported nutrition assistance programs and related laws (including regulations). (f) Annual reportsNot later than 90 days after the end of each fiscal year, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that includes a description of—(1) the policies, priorities, and operations of the program carried out by the Secretary under this section during the fiscal year; (2) the results of any evaluations completed during the fiscal year; and (3) the efforts undertaken to disseminate successful practices through outreach and technical assistance. (g) Authorization of appropriations(1) In generalThere are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 2011 through 2015. (2) Use of fundsThe Secretary may use up to 5 percent of the funds made available under paragraph (1) for Federal administrative expenses incurred in carrying out this section.

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