FENCES; RANGE RESTRICTIONS

Tex. AGRIC Code ch. 143
in effect

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.001. SUFFICIENT FENCE REQUIRED.

Except as provided by this chapter for an area in which a local option stock law has been adopted, each gardener or farmer shall make a sufficient fence around cleared land in cultivation that is at least five feet high and will prevent hogs from passing through.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.002. GATE.

A person may not build, join, or maintain around cleared land in cultivation more than three miles lineal measure of fence running the same general direction without a gate that is at least 10 feet wide and is unlocked.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.003. CATTLE ON COUNTY ROAD WITH CATTLE GUARD.

Cattle on a county road are not considered to be running at large if the county road: (1) separates two tracts of land under common ownership or lease; and (2) contains a cattle guard constructed as authorized under Section 251.009 , Transportation Code, that serves as part of the fencing of the two tracts. Added by Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 339 (S.B. 66 ), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2007. SUBCHAPTER B. LOCAL OPTION TO PREVENT CERTAIN ANIMALS FROM RUNNING AT LARGE

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.021. PETITION FOR ELECTION.

(a) In accordance with this section, the freeholders of a county or an area within a county may petition the commissioners court to conduct an election for the purpose of determining if horses, mules, jacks, jennets, donkeys, hogs, sheep, or goats are to be permitted to run at large in the county or area. (b) A petition for a countywide election must be signed by at least 50 freeholders. Except as otherwise provided by Subsection (c) of this section, a petition for an election in an area within a county must be signed by at least 20 freeholders. (c) A petition for an election in an area may be signed by a majority of the freeholders in the area if the area has fewer than 50 freeholders and is between two areas of the county that have previously adopted this subchapter or is adjacent to another area, in that county or another county, that has adopted this subchapter. If the petitioning area is adjacent to an area in another county, the freeholders shall petition the commissioners court of the county in which the petitioning area is located. (d) The petition must: (1) clearly state each class of animal that the petitioners seek to prohibit from running at large; and (2) describe the boundaries of the area in which the election is to be held, if the election is to be less than countywide. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 87 (S.B. 1969 ), Sec. 2.003, eff. September 1, 2009.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.022. ELECTION ORDERS.

(a) After receiving a petition under this subchapter, the commissioners court at its next regular term shall order that an election be held throughout the county or in the petitioning area, as determined by the petition. The order shall designate a date for the election that is not less than 30 days after the date of the order. (b) Immediately after passage of a commissioners court order for an election, the county judge shall issue an order for the election that specifies: (1) the petition and the action of the commissioners court; (2) each class of animal that is not to be permitted to run at large; (3) the territorial limits of the area to be affected; (4) the date of the election; and (5) the location of the polls. (c) The county judge shall give public notice of the election by publishing the order under Subsection (b) of this section in a newspaper published in the county. If no newspaper is published in the county, a copy of the order shall be posted at the courthouse door and at a public place in each justice precinct for a countywide election or at three public places in the petitioning area for an election to be held in an area of the county. Notice must be given for at least 30 days before the date of the election.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.023. ELECTION.

(a) If the election is not countywide, the county judge at the time the election order is issued shall appoint election officers for the election. In order to serve as an election officer, a person must be a freeholder of the county and a qualified voter. The election officers may appoint their own clerks. (b) If the election is countywide, it shall be held at the usual voting places in the election precincts. If the election is not countywide, the county judge shall designate the particular places in the petitioning area at which the polls are to be open. (c) In order to vote at an election, a person must be a freeholder and a qualified voter. (d) Ballots for the election shall be printed to provide for voting for or against the proposition, "Letting ______ run at large," with the blank space printed with the name of each animal designated in the election order. (e) The election officers shall make returns to the county judge of all votes cast for each proposition not later than the 10th day after the day of the election. The commissioners court shall open, tabulate, and count the returns in the manner provided for general elections in this state. The county judge shall immediately issue a proclamation declaring the result and post the proclamation at the courthouse door.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.024. EFFECT OF ELECTION; ADOPTION OF SUBCHAPTER.

(a) If a majority of the votes in an election are cast against the proposition, this subchapter is adopted and, after the 30th day following the date on which the proclamation of results is issued, a person may not permit any animal of the class mentioned in the proclamation to run at large in the county or area in which the election was held. (b) Sections 143.028-143.034 of this code apply only in the county or area in which this subchapter has been adopted.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.025. SUBSEQUENT ELECTIONS TO ADOPT SUBCHAPTER.

(a) Except as provided by Subsection (b) of this section, if this subchapter is not adopted at an election, another election for that purpose may not be held in the county or area in which the election was held earlier than one year after the date of the election. (b) Defeat of adoption of this subchapter at a countywide election does not prevent another election for that purpose from being held immediately thereafter for an area within the county. Defeat of adoption of this subchapter at an election held in an area within a county does not prevent a countywide election for that purpose from being held immediately thereafter.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.026. REPEAL.

(a) The freeholders of a county or an area in which this subchapter has been adopted may petition the commissioners court to conduct an election for repeal of that adoption. The petition must be signed by a majority of the freeholders who are qualified voters in the county or area subject to this subchapter. (b) An election under this section shall be ordered and conducted, the returns shall be made, and the results shall be declared in the same manner provided by this subchapter for an election to adopt this subchapter. (c) An election under this section may not be held earlier than two years after the date of the last election under this subchapter in the applicable county or area. (d) If at an election under this section a majority of the votes are cast for allowing the named animals to run at large, after the expiration of 180 days after the date of the proclamation of results a person may permit an animal of the class mentioned in the proclamation to run at large in the county or area in which the election was held. If a majority of the votes are cast against letting the named animals run at large, the operation of this subchapter in the county or area is not affected.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.027. EXTENSION OF SUBCHAPTER TO ADJOINING AREA BY ORDER.

A commissioners court by order shall extend application of this subchapter to territory that is between two areas of the county that have adopted this subchapter or is adjacent to an area, in that county or in another county, that has adopted this subchapter if: (1) there are fewer than 20 freeholders in the territory and a majority of the owners of the land in the territory petition the court to extend application of this subchapter to that area; (2) there are no freeholders in the territory and the owners of the land petition the commissioners court to extend application of this subchapter to that territory; or (3) a person who owns land that is adjacent to land to which this subchapter has been extended petitions the court to extend application of this subchapter to that person's land.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.028. FENCES.

(a) A person is not required to fence against animals that are not permitted to run at large. Except as otherwise provided by this section, a fence is sufficient for purposes of this chapter if it is sufficient to keep out ordinary livestock permitted to run at large. (b) In order to be sufficient, a fence must be at least four feet high and comply with the following requirements: (1) a barbed wire fence must consist of three wires on posts no more than 30 feet apart, with one or more stays between every two posts; (2) a picket fence must consist of pickets that are not more than six inches apart; (3) a board fence must consist of three boards not less than five inches wide and one inch thick; and (4) a rail fence must consist of four rails. (c) The freeholders of the county or area may petition the commissioners court for an election to determine whether three barbed wires without a board are to constitute a sufficient fence in the county or area. The election shall be conducted in the same manner and is governed by the same provisions of this subchapter provided for elections on the adoption of this subchapter.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.033. INJURY TO TRESPASSING ANIMAL.

If a person whose fence is insufficient under this subchapter maims, wounds, or kills a head of cattle or a horse, mule, jack, jennet, sheep, or goat, or procures the maiming, wounding, or killing of one of those animals, by any means, including a gun or a dog, the person is liable to the owner of the animal for damages. This section does not authorize a person to maim, wound, or kill any horse, mule, jack, jennet, sheep, goat, or head of cattle of another person. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 958 (H.B. 1819 ), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2013.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.034. PENALTY.

(a) A person commits an offense if the person knowingly: (1) turns out or causes to be turned out on land that does not belong to or is not under the control of the person an animal that is prohibited from running at large under this subchapter; (2) fails or refuses to keep up an animal that is prohibited from running at large under this subchapter; (3) allows an animal to trespass on the land of another in an area or county in which the animal is prohibited from running at large under this subchapter; or (4) as owner, agent, or person in control of the animal, permits an animal to run at large in an area or county in which the animal is prohibited from running at large under this subchapter. (b) An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor. SUBCHAPTER C. LOCAL OPTION LIMITED FREE RANGE FOR HOGS

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.051. PETITION FOR ELECTION.

(a) The freeholders of a county or an area that has adopted Subchapter B of this chapter or the freeholders of an area that is between two areas of a county that have adopted Subchapter B of this chapter may petition the commissioners court to conduct an election for the purpose of determining whether hogs are to be permitted to run at large in the county or area for a period beginning on November 15 of each year and ending on February 15 of the following year. (b) A petition for a countywide election must be signed by at least 50 freeholders. A petition for an election in an area of a county that has adopted Subchapter B of this chapter must be signed by at least 20 freeholders. A petition for an election in an area that is between two areas that have adopted Subchapter B of this chapter and in which there are fewer than 50 freeholders must be signed by a majority of the freeholders in the area. (c) If the election is to be less than countywide, the petition must describe the boundaries of the area in which the election is to be held in the same manner as the description provided for the election on adoption of Subchapter B of this chapter.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.052. ELECTION ORDERS.

(a) After receiving a petition under this subchapter, the commissioners court shall order an election to be held throughout the county or in the petitioning area, as determined by the petition. The order may be entered at a regular or special meeting of the court and shall designate a date for the election that is not less than 30 days after the date of the order. (b) Immediately after passage of a commissioners court order for an election, the county judge shall issue an order for the election that specifies: (1) the petition and action of the commissioners court; (2) the classes of animals that are to be allowed a limited period of free range; (3) the period in which the animals are to have free range; (4) the territorial limits of the area to be affected; (5) the day of the election; and (6) the location of the polls. (c) The county judge shall give public notice of the election in the manner provided by Section 143.022 of this code for an election on the adoption of Subchapter B of this chapter.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.053. ELECTION.

(a) Except as provided by this section, the election shall be conducted, the returns made, and the results declared in accordance with Section 143.023 of this code and the laws regulating general elections. (b) The ballots for the election shall be printed to provide for voting for or against the proposition, "The limited period of free range for hogs."

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.054. EFFECT OF ELECTION.

If a majority of the votes cast are for the limited period of free range for hogs, after the 10th day following the date on which the proclamation is issued a person may permit hogs to run at large in the county or area in which the election was held during the period beginning on November 15 of each year and ending on February 15 of the following year.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.055. SUBSEQUENT ELECTIONS TO ADOPT OR REPEAL FREE RANGE.

(a) Except as provided by Subsection (b) of this section, if an election is held under this subchapter another election for the purpose of adopting or repealing the limited period of free range may not be held in that county or area within two years after the date of the election. (b) If the limited period of free range is defeated at a countywide election, this section does not prohibit another election on the proposition from being held immediately thereafter for an area within the county. If the limited period of free range is defeated at an election in an area within a county, no other election covering that area may be held except an election in the same area, which must be held at least one year after the prior election. (c) If at a subsequent election in a county or area that has adopted the limited period of free range the majority of votes are cast against the proposition, the limited period of free range is repealed and a person may not permit hogs to run at large in that county or area effective on the 11th day following the day on which the proclamation is issued. If the majority of the votes are cast for the proposition, the operation of the limited period of free range is not affected.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.056. COMBINED ELECTIONS.

An election under this subchapter may be held at the same time as an election under Subchapter B of this chapter, but the propositions must be submitted and voted on as separate issues and the returns and proclamations of results must be separate for each proposition. SUBCHAPTER D. LOCAL OPTION TO PREVENT CATTLE OR DOMESTIC TURKEYS FROM RUNNING AT LARGE

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.071. PETITION FOR ELECTION.

(a) In accordance with this section, the freeholders of a county or an area within a county may petition commissioners court to conduct an election for the purpose of determining if cattle are to be permitted to run at large in the county or area. (b) The freeholders of any political subdivision of Bastrop, Blanco, Clay, Collin, DeWitt, Gonzales, Gillespie, Guadalupe, Parker, or Wise County may petition the commissioners court to conduct an election in the subdivision for the purpose of determining if domestic turkeys are to be permitted to run at large in the subdivision. (c) A petition for a countywide election on the running at large of cattle must be signed by at least 35 freeholders. Except as provided by Subsection (d) of this section, a petition for an election on the running at large of cattle in an area within a county must be signed by at least 15 freeholders. A petition for an election on the running at large of domestic turkeys must be signed by at least 25 freeholders. (d) A petition for an election in an area may be signed by a majority of the freeholders in the area if the area has fewer than 50 freeholders and is between two areas of the county that have previously adopted this subchapter. (e) A petition must: (1) clearly state each class of animal that the petitioners seek to prohibit from running at large; and (2) describe the boundaries of the area in which the election is to be held, if the election is to be less than countywide.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.072. EXCEPTIONS; COUNTYWIDE ELECTIONS.

The following counties may not conduct a countywide election on the running at large of cattle: Andrews, Coke, Culberson, Hardin, Hemphill, Hudspeth, Jasper, Jefferson, Kenedy, Kinney, LaSalle, Loving, Motley, Newton, Presidio, Roberts, Schleicher, Terry, Tyler, Upton, Wharton, or Yoakum.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.073. ELECTION.

(a) Except as provided by this section, the election is governed by Sections 143.022 and 143.023 of this code. (b) The ballot shall be printed to provide for voting for or against the proposition: "Adoption of the stock law." (c) The county judge shall open, tabulate, and count the returns in the presence of the county clerk and at least one justice of the peace of the county or in the presence of at least two respectable freeholders of the county. Following that, an order showing the results of the election shall be recorded in the minutes of the commissioners court. The order is prima facie evidence that the requirements of this chapter have been complied with in relation to presenting the petition, ordering the election by the commissioners court, giving notice, holding the election, counting and returning votes, and declaring the results. If the result is in favor of the proposition, after the expiration of 30 days after the date of the order, the order is prima facie evidence that the proclamation required by law has been made and published.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.074. EFFECT OF ELECTION; ADOPTION OF SUBCHAPTER.

(a) If a majority of the votes cast in an election are for the proposition, this subchapter is adopted and, after the 30th day following the date on which the proclamation of results is issued, a person may not permit any animal of the class mentioned in the proclamation to run at large in the county or area in which the election was held. (b) Sections 143.077-143.082 of this code apply only in a county or area in which this subchapter has been adopted.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.075. SUBSEQUENT ELECTIONS TO ADOPT SUBCHAPTER.

(a) Except as provided by Subsection (b) of this section, if this subchapter is not adopted at an election, no other election for that purpose may be held in the county or area in which the election was held within one year after the date of the election. (b) If adoption of this subchapter is defeated at a countywide election, this section does not prohibit another election on the proposition from being held immediately thereafter for an area within the county. If adoption of this subchapter is defeated at an election in an area within a county, no other election covering that area may be held except an election in the same area, which must be held at least one year after the prior election.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.076. REPEAL.

(a) In accordance with this section, the freeholders of a county or an area in which this subchapter has been adopted may petition the commissioners court to conduct an election for repeal of that adoption. (b) A petition for a countywide election must be signed by at least 200 freeholders of the county, including 24 freeholders from each justice precinct. A petition for an election in an area within a county must be signed by at least 50 freeholders of the area. (c) Except as provided by this section, the election is governed by the provisions of this subchapter relating to the original election. (d) If this subchapter has been adopted for the entire county, it may not be repealed for an area within the county unless two-thirds of the votes cast at a countywide election favor repeal for that area.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.077. FENCES.

A fence is sufficient for purposes of this chapter if it is sufficient to keep out the classes of animals not affected by this subchapter.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.082. PENALTY.

(a) A person commits an offense if the person knowingly permits a head of cattle or a domestic turkey to run at large in a county or area that has adopted this subchapter. (b) An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor. SUBCHAPTER E. ANIMALS RUNNING AT LARGE ON HIGHWAYS

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.101. DEFINITION.

In this subchapter, "highway" means a U.S. highway or a state highway in this state, but does not include a numbered farm-to-market road. The term includes the portion of Recreation Road Number 255 that is located in Newton County between State Highway Number 87 and the boundary line with Jasper County.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.102. RUNNING AT LARGE ON HIGHWAY PROHIBITED.

A person who owns or has responsibility for the control of a horse, mule, donkey, cow, bull, steer, hog, sheep, or goat may not knowingly permit the animal to traverse or roam at large, unattended, on the right-of-way of a highway.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.103. IMMUNITY FROM LIABILITY.

A person whose vehicle strikes, kills, injures, or damages an unattended animal running at large on a highway is not liable for damages to the animal except as a finding of: (1) gross negligence in the operation of the vehicle; or (2) wilful intent to strike, kill, injure, or damage the animal.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.104. HERDING OF LIVESTOCK ALONG HIGHWAY.

This subchapter does not prevent the movement of livestock from one location to another by herding, leading, or driving the livestock on, along, or across a highway.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.106. ENFORCEMENT.

Each state highway patrolman or county or local law enforcement officer shall enforce this subchapter and may enforce it without the use of a written warrant.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.107. CONFLICT WITH OTHER LAW.

This subchapter prevails to the extent of any conflict with another provision of this chapter.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.108. PENALTY.

(a) A person commits an offense if the person violates Section 143.102 of this code. (b) An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor. (c) A person commits a separate offense for each day that an animal is permitted to roam at large in violation of Section 143.102 of this code. SUBCHAPTER F. REMOVAL OF ADJOINING FENCES

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.121. PROHIBITION.

Except as provided by this subchapter or by mutual consent of the parties, a person may not remove a fence that is: (1) a separating or dividing fence in which the person is a joint owner; or (2) attached to a fence owned or controlled by another person.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.122. REMOVAL OF FENCE BY OWNER.

A person who owns an interest in a fence attached to a fence owned in whole or in part by another person is entitled to withdraw his or her fence from the other fence after giving six months' notice of the intended separation. The notice must be in writing and given to the owner of the attached fence or to that person's agent, attorney, or lessee.

Tex. AGRIC Code § 143.123. REQUIRING REMOVAL OF FENCE BY ANOTHER PERSON.

A person who is the owner of a fence that is wholly on that person's land may require the owner of an attached fence to disconnect and withdraw the attached fence by giving six months' notice of the required disconnection. The notice must be in writing and given to the owner of the attached fence or that person's agent, attorney, or lessee.
Source: TX Statutes (Official Site)URL: https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Fetched: 6/28/2026