Section 48.

Cal. Civil Code - CIV § 48.
in effect
Sign in to generate a plain English summaryAsk Belisarius Agent
In the case provided for in subdivision (c) of Section 47, malice is not inferred from the communication.
Source: CA Legislative Counsel Bulk DataURL: https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zipFetched: 6/27/2026

Starting a business in California? California LLC guide: costs and requirements