Municipal Courts

Wyo. Stat. Ann. tit. 5, ch. 6
in effect

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-101 Created and established.

There is hereby created and established in each of the incorporated cities or towns in the state of Wyoming, whether incorporated or existing under a special charter or a general act, and whether now in existence or hereafter incorporated under the laws of the state, a municipal court for the trial of all offenses arising under ordinances of said incorporated city or town, as the case may be.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-102 Municipal judges; number; jurisdiction.

Judges of municipal courts are termed municipal judges. The number of municipal judges shall be prescribed by ordinance of each incorporated city or town. The jurisdiction of municipal judges shall be as prescribed either by special charter of the incorporated city or town, by general law of the incorporated city or town, or by general law of the state.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-103 Appointment of municipal judges; qualifications.

Municipal judges shall be appointed by the mayor with the consent of the council, and shall be qualified electors of the state unless otherwise provided by ordinance.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-104 Term of office; compensation.

The terms of municipal judges shall be the same as the terms of other appointed officers of the city or town, unless earlier removed for good cause as provided by law. Compensation shall be prescribed by ordinance of the city or town.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-105 Bond.

A municipal judge shall give a bond to the municipality for which he is appointed in an amount provided by ordinance of the city or town. The bond shall be conditioned on the performance of his duties in accordance with law and ordinance of the city including the duty to turn over to the parties entitled or as prescribed by ordinance of the city all monies collected by him by virtue of his office.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-106 Procedure generally; additional rules may be provided by ordinance; appeals.

The procedure of municipal courts shall conform to the procedure provided by law and rules of procedure for courts of limited jurisdiction. The incorporated city or town may by ordinance provide any additional rules of procedure found necessary for the proper conduct of municipal courts, provided these rules do not conflict with the general laws of the state. Appeals to the district court shall be allowed in all cases as now provided by law for appeals from circuit courts.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-107 Appeals to district court in certain cities or towns.

In addition to all other methods heretofore provided by law, an appeal from the judgment or sentence of a municipal court in any city or town operating under a special charter or commission, commission manager or manager form of government, may be taken to the district court in the same manner as is now provided by law for appeals from circuit courts in criminal cases, and shall be dealt with by the courts as criminal cases.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-108 Costs.

(a) Each city or town in the state of Wyoming may prescribe by ordinance such costs in all trials before municipal courts as may be necessary or deemed expedient. However, the costs shall not exceed ten dollars ($10.00). All costs collected shall be turned into the treasury of the city or town. By ordinance a city or town may prescribe: (i) A court automation fee of forty dollars ($40.00) as a cost to be paid by every person guilty of a violation of a city or town ordinance; (ii) An indigent civil legal services fee of ten dollars ($10.00) as a cost to be paid by every person guilty of a violation of a city or town ordinance.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-109 Postponement of trial for violation of city ordinance; recognizance generally.

If a person charged with a violation of a city ordinance is held to appear for examination or trial before a municipal judge, the judge may postpone the trial of the case to a certain day. The judge may require the defendant to enter into a recognizance with sufficient sureties conditioned that he will appear before the judge at the time and place appointed to answer the complaint alleged against him.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-110 Postponement of trial for violation of city ordinance; sureties or deposit may be required; breach of recognizance; procedure where offense not cognizable before judge.

When a person is ordered by the municipal judge to enter into a recognizance, he may at the discretion of the municipal judge be permitted to sign his own recognizance, furnish sureties or deposit in cash with the judge or his designee the amount named in the bond. If the person so recognized fails to appear and comply with all of the requirements of the bond, the judge having cognizance shall, if there are no mitigating circumstances, declare the bond forfeited and order the cash deposited into the general fund of the treasury of the city. If it appears to the judge the accused is triable for an offense not cognizable before the judge, the judge shall halt further proceedings and proceed as in other cases exclusively cognizable before the district court.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-111 Execution on judgments.

Upon assessment of any fine and costs for the conviction of a violation of any ordinance of a city or town, judgment shall be entered against the defendant in favor of the city or town. If the judgment is not paid within ninety (90) days from the date of the judgment the city or town may collect judgment by execution in circuit court in the manner provided by law. Except as otherwise provided by law all amounts recovered pursuant to this section shall be deposited with the city or town treasurer, used for the benefit of the city or town, and credited against the fine and reasonable costs of collection.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-112 Detention of juvenile offenders.

(a) No minor charged with violating a municipal ordinance defined as a status offense under subsection (b) of this section shall be detained in a jail. (b) As used in W.S. 5-6-112 and 5-6-113: (i) "Juvenile detention facility" means any facility which may legally and physically restrict and house a child, other than the Wyoming boys' school, the Wyoming girls' school, the Wyoming state hospital or other private or public psychiatric facility within the state of Wyoming. "Juvenile detention facility" does not include any residential treatment facility which is operated for the primary purpose of providing treatment to a child. A juvenile detention facility may be housed within an adult jail or correction facility if the facility otherwise meets the requirements of state law; (ii) "Minor" means an individual who is under the age of eighteen (18) years; (iii) "Status offense" means an offense which, if committed by an adult, would not constitute an act punishable as a criminal offense by the laws of this state or a violation of a municipal ordinance, but does not include a violation of W.S. 12-6-101(b) or (c) or any similar municipal ordinance; (iv) "Hardware secure juvenile detention facility" means a facility used for the detention of minors that is characterized by locks on the doors and other restrictive hardware designed to restrict the movement of the minors and protect public safety; (v) "Shelter care" means as defined in W.S. 14-6-201(a)(xxii); (vi) "Staff secure juvenile detention facility" means a facility used for the detention of minors that is characterized by a trained staff to supervise the movement and activities of detained minors at the facility, without the additional use of hardware secure equipment.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-113 Incarceration of juvenile offenders.

(a) No minor convicted of a status offense shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment. (b) A minor convicted of a misdemeanor or of violating a municipal ordinance, other than a status offense, for which a term of imprisonment is authorized, shall only be imprisoned in a juvenile detention facility. (c) Except for an alleged delinquent minor who is released to the custody of the minor's parent, guardian or custodian, with verbal counsel, warning or a written promise to appear in court, the person taking the minor into custody shall ensure that a juvenile detention risk assessment shall be promptly performed, using a uniform assessment instrument designed by the county sheriffs. If the risk assessment finds that the minor is a serious risk to himself or to the safety of others, the minor may be: (i) Placed in a hardware secure juvenile detention facility; (ii) Transferred to a medical facility if the minor is believed to be suffering from a serious physical or mental illness that requires prompt diagnosis or treatment; (iii) If the minor is not held pursuant to paragraph (i) of this subsection, placed in shelter care or a staff secure juvenile detention facility, or released to a parent, guardian or other custodian who can provide supervision and care for the minor pending the minor's appearance in court. If no space is available in shelter care or a staff secure juvenile detention facility, the minor may be held in a hardware secure juvenile detention facility. (d) A minor under the age of eleven (11) years shall not be held in a hardware secure juvenile detention facility. If the minor under the age of eleven (11) years poses a substantial risk of harm to himself or others, a peace officer may detain and transport the minor for an emergency mental health evaluation. (e) If a minor is taken into custody and is not released to the minor's parent, guardian or custodian, the person taking the minor into custody shall give notice thereof to the minor's parent, guardian or custodian as soon as possible, and in no case later than twenty-four (24) hours after taking the minor into custody.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-114 Special probation for minor defendants.

As a condition of probation or suspension of sentence, the court may require a defendant who is a minor to successfully complete a juvenile service program offered under the Community Juvenile Services Act.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-115 Process extends throughout the state.

A municipal judge may issue a statewide bench warrant for violation of a municipal ordinance which contains the same elements as a comparable state statute. The municipality in which the court issuing the statewide bench warrant exists is responsible for all costs incurred in executing the warrant, including costs of housing and transporting a person arrested under the warrant.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-116 Suspension of fines on conditions.

(a) Notwithstanding W.S. 7-13-302 through 7-13-305, when imposing a fine for breach of an ordinance that is punishable by fine only, a municipal judge may suspend all or part of the fine for a specified period, not to exceed six (6) months, during which the defendant must meet specified conditions. The conditions imposed shall only require the defendant to conform his conduct to the requirements of the ordinance and shall not prohibit lawful conduct. When suspending a fine, a municipal judge must: (i) Specify the amount of the fine to be suspended; and (ii) Specify the conditions the defendant must meet to avoid imposition of the suspended portion of the fine, including the date by which the conditions must be met. (b) If a defendant fails to comply with the conditions specified, the municipality may commence proceedings to impose the suspended portion of the fine during the period of suspension or within thirty (30) days thereafter. If after notice and a hearing the court determines the defendant failed to comply with the conditions of the suspended fine, the court may proceed to deal with the case as if no suspension of fine had been ordered.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-201 Jurisdiction of municipal judge; change of venue prohibited; exception for certain civil penalties.

(a) Except as provided by subsection (b) of this section, a municipal judge has exclusive jurisdiction over all violations of ordinances of the city. The municipal judge shall hear and determine violations of ordinances and may impose fines not exceeding seven hundred fifty dollars ($750.00), or imprisonment not exceeding six (6) months, or both, to which may be added costs. No change of venue shall be granted in any case arising under the ordinances of the city. (b) A district court has jurisdiction to grant injunctive relief and to impose any civil penalty authorized by ordinance adopted pursuant to W.S. 15-1-103(a)(xlvi).

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-202 Powers and duties of municipal judge generally; court to open every day except Sunday.

(a) The municipal judge shall be a conservator of the peace and his court shall be open every day except Sundays to hear and determine all cases cognizable before him. No act shall be performed by the judge on Sundays except to receive complaints, issue process and take bail. (b) The municipal judge shall enforce due obedience to all orders, rules and judgments made by him. The judge has the same power as the district court in the issuance of warrant, search warrant, subpoena or other necessary process and may fine or imprison for contempt offered to him or to process issued by him in the same manner and to the same extent as the district court. Before any person is imprisoned for the willful refusal to pay a fine, the court shall determine whether the defendant has an ability to pay or that a reasonable probability exists that the defendant will have an ability to pay.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-203 Appeal.

In all cases before the municipal court arising under ordinances of the city, wherein the fine assessed exceeds the sum of ten dollars ($10.00) or the imprisonment ten (10) days, an appeal may be taken by the defendant to the district court in and for the county in which the city is situated, but no appeal shall be allowed unless the defendant shall, within ten (10) days, enter into recognizance with sufficient sureties to be approved by the municipal court, conditioned for the payment of the fine and costs of appeal, and the defendant shall abide the judgment of the municipal court and not depart without leave of the court, or that he will pay to the city of .... the sum of $..... The procedure of the appeal shall be as prescribed for appeals from circuit courts in criminal cases.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-204 Fines and penalties to be paid to city treasurer; report of cases; failure to comply with section.

All fines and penalties collected and arising from a breach of a city ordinance shall be deposited with the city treasurer, and the municipal judge shall report at the end of each calendar month a list of all cases for violations of city ordinances instituted in his court, and the disposition thereof, with a statement of the fines, penalties and costs received. At the end of each month the judge shall deposit with the city treasurer all fines, penalties and costs received. If the municipal judge fails to report and deposit all fines, penalties and costs for a period of twenty-five (25) days, his office shall be declared vacant. If a city enacts an ordinance prescribing a court automation fee as provided in W.S. 5-6-108(a)(i), up to ten dollars ($10.00) of the fee may be retained by the city solely for the purpose of defraying costs and expenses related to establishing and maintaining an electronic citation system. The system shall collect and submit data in a form and manner prescribed by the supreme court to comply with the requirements of the judicial systems automation account under W.S. 5-2-120. The remaining portion of the fee shall be remitted to the judicial systems automation account established by W.S. 5-2-120. If a city enacts an ordinance prescribing the indigent civil legal services fee as provided in W.S. 5-6-108(a)(ii), the fee shall be remitted to the indigent civil legal services account established by W.S. 5-2-121.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-205 Duty of municipal judge as to trial generally.

When a person is brought before the municipal judge upon warrant, the judge shall hear and determine the complaint alleged against the defendant.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-206 Summoning and enforcing attendance of witnesses.

It shall be the duty of said justice to summon all persons whose testimony may be deemed material as witnesses at the trial, and to enforce their attendance by attachment if necessary.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-207 Cases in municipal court.

Cases in the municipal court for violations of city ordinances shall be tried and determined by the court without the intervention of a jury, and the trial of such cases before the court shall be conducted in all respects, not herein otherwise provided for, in like manner as criminal cases before circuit courts.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-208 Assessment of punishment.

(a) If the defendant is found guilty, the municipal judge shall declare and assess punishment and render judgment accordingly. (b) Repealed by Laws 1988, ch. 11, § 2.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-209 Continuances; verbal notice to witnesses as to new date of trial valid as summons.

When a trial shall be continued by the judge, it shall not be necessary to summon any witnesses who may be present at the continuance, but the judge shall verbally notify such witnesses as either party may require to attend before him to testify in the case on the day of trial, which verbal notice shall be as valid as a summons.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-210 Punishment regulated by ordinance; maximum fine and imprisonment.

(a) Any person convicted by a municipal judge of any offense under any ordinance of the city shall be punished by fine or imprisonment or both as provided by ordinance. Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, no fine shall exceed seven hundred fifty dollars ($750.00) for any one (1) offense recoverable with costs, and no imprisonment shall exceed six (6) months. (b) A district court has jurisdiction to grant injunctive relief and to impose any civil penalty authorized by ordinance adopted pursuant to W.S. 15-1-103(a)(xlvi).

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-211 Working prisoners; credit for work done.

Whenever the defendant is sentenced to imprisonment for the violation of a city ordinance, he may be put to work for the benefit of the city, if it is determined that adequate supervision is available, for the term of his imprisonment, and when committed for the nonpayment of a fine, or costs, for the violation of any ordinance, he may also be put to work for the benefit of the city, and shall be credited on such fine and costs, fifteen dollars ($15.00) per day for each day he shall work.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-301 Punishment of persons convicted before judge; maximum penalty permitted; power to punish for contempt.

(a) A person convicted before a municipal judge shall be fined and imprisoned as provided by ordinance. Except as provided by W.S. 15-1-103(a)(xli) or subsection (c) of this section, no fine shall exceed seven hundred fifty dollars ($750.00), and no imprisonment shall exceed six (6) months. (b) The municipal judge shall punish for contempt in the same manner as district court. Before any person is imprisoned for the willful refusal to pay a fine, the court shall determine whether the defendant has an ability to pay or that a reasonable probability exists that the defendant will have an ability to pay. (c) A district court has jurisdiction to grant injunctive relief and to impose any civil penalty authorized by ordinance adopted pursuant to W.S. 15-1-103(a)(xlvi).

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-302 Appeals from municipal court.

Appeals from the judgment or sentence of a municipal court may be taken to the district court in the same manner as is now provided by law for appeals from circuit courts in criminal cases, and shall be dealt with by the courts as criminal cases.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-303 Disposition of fines and penalties.

All fines and penalties collected, arising from a breach of the ordinances of the town, shall be paid into the town treasury. If a town enacts an ordinance prescribing a court automation fee as provided in W.S. 5-6-108(a)(i), up to ten dollars ($10.00) of the fee may be retained by the town solely for the purpose of defraying costs and expenses related to establishing and maintaining an electronic citation system. The system shall collect and submit data in a form and manner prescribed by the supreme court to comply with the requirements of the judicial systems automation account under W.S. 5-2-120. The remaining portion of the fee shall be remitted to the judicial systems automation account established by W.S. 5-2-120. If a town enacts an ordinance prescribing an indigent civil legal services fee as provided in W.S. 5-6-108(a)(ii), the fee shall be remitted to the indigent civil legal services account established by W.S. 5-2-121.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 5-6-304 Citizens qualified to try causes where town a party.

No person shall be an incompetent judge, justice or juror by reason of his being an inhabitant or freeholder in such town, in any action or proceedings in which such town may be a party in interest.
Source: WY Statutes (Official Site)URL: https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title05.pdfFetched: 10/4/2026