USC Subchapter I

USC Subchapter I
in effect

19 U.S.C. § 3511 Approval and entry into force of Uruguay Round Agreements

(a) Approval of agreements and statement of administrative actionPursuant to section 2903 of this title and section 2191 of this title, the Congress approves—(1) the trade agreements described in subsection (d) resulting from the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, entered into on April 15, 1994, and submitted to the Congress on September 27, 1994; and (2) the statement of administrative action proposed to implement the agreements that was submitted to the Congress on September 27, 1994. (b) Entry into forceAt such time as the President determines that a sufficient number of foreign countries are accepting the obligations of the Uruguay Round Agreements, in accordance with article XIV of the WTO Agreement, to ensure the effective operation of, and adequate benefits for the United States under, those Agreements, the President may accept the Uruguay Round Agreements and implement article VIII of the WTO Agreement. (c) Authorization of appropriationsThere are authorized to be appropriated annually such sums as may be necessary for the payment by the United States of its share of the expenses of the WTO. (d) Trade agreements to which this Act appliesSubsection (a) applies to the WTO Agreement and to the following agreements annexed to that Agreement:(1) The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994. (2) The Agreement on Agriculture. (3) The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. (4) The Agreement on Textiles and Clothing. (5) The Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade. (6) The Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures. (7) The Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994. (8) The Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994. (9) The Agreement on Preshipment Inspection. (10) The Agreement on Rules of Origin. (11) The Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures. (12) The Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures. (13) The Agreement on Safeguards. (14) The General Agreement on Trade in Services. (15) The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. (16) The Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes. (17) The Agreement on Government Procurement. (18) The International Bovine Meat Agreement.

19 U.S.C. § 3512 Relationship of agreements to United States law and State law

(a) Relationship of agreements to United States law(1) United States law to prevail in conflictNo provision of any of the Uruguay Round Agreements, nor the application of any such provision to any person or circumstance, that is inconsistent with any law of the United States shall have effect. (2) ConstructionNothing in this Act shall be construed—(A) to amend or modify any law of the United States, including any law relating to—(i) the protection of human, animal, or plant life or health, (ii) the protection of the environment, or (iii) worker safety, or (B) to limit any authority conferred under any law of the United States, including section 2411 of this title, unless specifically provided for in this Act. (b) Relationship of agreements to State law(1) Federal-State consultation(A) In generalOn December 8, 1994, the President shall, through the intergovernmental policy advisory committees on trade established under section 2114c(2)(A) of this title, consult with the States for the purpose of achieving conformity of State laws and practices with the Uruguay Round Agreements. (B) Federal-State consultation processThe Trade Representative shall establish within the Office of the United States Trade Representative a Federal-State consultation process for addressing issues relating to the Uruguay Round Agreements that directly relate to, or will potentially have a direct effect on, the States. The Federal-State consultation process shall include procedures under which—(i) the States will be informed on a continuing basis of matters under the Uruguay Round Agreements that directly relate to, or will potentially have a direct impact on, the States; (ii) the States will be provided an opportunity to submit, on a continuing basis, to the Trade Representative information and advice with respect to matters referred to in clause (i); and (iii) the Trade Representative will take into account the information and advice received from the States under clause (ii) when formulating United States positions regarding matters referred to in clause (i). Chapter 10 of title 5 shall not apply to the Federal-State consultation process established by this paragraph. (C) Federal-State cooperation in WTO dispute settlement(i) When a WTO member requests consultations with the United States under Article 4 of the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes referred to in section 3511(d)(16) of this title (hereafter in this subsection referred to as the “Dispute Settlement Understanding”) concerning whether the law of a State is inconsistent with the obligations undertaken by the United States in any of the Uruguay Round Agreements, the Trade Representative shall notify the Governor of the State or the Governor’s designee, and the chief legal officer of the jurisdiction whose law is the subject of the consultations, as soon as possible after the request is received, but in no event later than 7 days thereafter. (ii) Not later than 30 days after receiving such a request for consultations, the Trade Representative shall consult with representatives of the State concerned regarding the matter. If the consultations involve the laws of a large number of States, the Trade Representative may consult with an appropriate group of representatives of the States concerned, as determined by those States. (iii) The Trade Representative shall make every effort to ensure that the State concerned is involved in the development of the position of the United States at each stage of the consultations and each subsequent stage of dispute settlement proceedings regarding the matter. In particular, the Trade Representative shall—(I) notify the State concerned not later than 7 days after a WTO member requests the establishment of a dispute settlement panel or gives notice of the WTO member’s decision to appeal a report by a dispute settlement panel regarding the matter; and (II) provide the State concerned with the opportunity to advise and assist the Trade Representative in the preparation of factual information and argumentation for any written or oral presentations by the United States in consultations or in proceedings of a panel or the Appellate Body regarding the matter. (iv) If a dispute settlement panel or the Appellate Body finds that the law of a State is inconsistent with any of the Uruguay Round Agreements, the Trade Representative shall consult with the State concerned in an effort to develop a mutually agreeable response to the report of the panel or the Appellate Body and shall make every effort to ensure that the State concerned is involved in the development of the United States position regarding the response. (D) Notice to States regarding consultations on foreign subcentral government laws(i) Subject to clause (ii), the Trade Representative shall, at least 30 days before making a request for consultations under Article 4 of the Dispute Settlement Understanding regarding a subcentral government measure of another WTO member, notify, and solicit the views of, appropriate representatives of each State regarding the matter. (ii) In exigent circumstances clause (i) shall not apply, in which case the Trade Representative shall notify the appropriate representatives of each State not later than 3 days after making the request for consultations referred to in clause (i). (2) Legal challenge(A) In generalNo State law, or the application of such a State law, may be declared invalid as to any person or circumstance on the ground that the provision or application is inconsistent with any of the Uruguay Round Agreements, except in an action brought by the United States for the purpose of declaring such law or application invalid. (B) Procedures governing actionIn any action described in subparagraph (A) that is brought by the United States against a State or any subdivision thereof—(i) a report of a dispute settlement panel or the Appellate Body convened under the Dispute Settlement Understanding regarding the State law, or the law of any political subdivision thereof, shall not be considered as binding or otherwise accorded deference; (ii) the United States shall have the burden of proving that the law that is the subject of the action, or the application of that law, is inconsistent with the agreement in question; (iii) any State whose interests may be impaired or impeded in the action shall have the unconditional right to intervene in the action as a party, and the United States shall be entitled to amend its complaint to include a claim or cross-claim concerning the law of a State that so intervenes; and (iv) any State law that is declared invalid shall not be deemed to have been invalid in its application during any period before the court’s judgment becomes final and all timely appeals, including discretionary review, of such judgment are exhausted. (C) Reports to congressional committeesAt least 30 days before the United States brings an action described in subparagraph (A), the Trade Representative shall provide a report to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate—(i) describing the proposed action; (ii) describing efforts by the Trade Representative to resolve the matter with the State concerned by other means; and (iii) if the State law was the subject of consultations under the Dispute Settlement Understanding, certifying that the Trade Representative has substantially complied with the requirements of paragraph (1)(C) in connection with the matter. Following the submission of the report, and before the action is brought, the Trade Representative shall consult with the committees referred to in the preceding sentence concerning the matter. (3) “State law” definedFor purposes of this subsection—(A) the term “State law” includes—(i) any law of a political subdivision of a State; and (ii) any State law regulating or taxing the business of insurance; and (B) the terms “dispute settlement panel” and “Appellate Body” have the meanings given those terms in section 3531 of this title. (c) Effect of agreement with respect to private remedies(1) LimitationsNo person other than the United States—(A) shall have any cause of action or defense under any of the Uruguay Round Agreements or by virtue of congressional approval of such an agreement, or (B) may challenge, in any action brought under any provision of law, any action or inaction by any department, agency, or other instrumentality of the United States, any State, or any political subdivision of a State on the ground that such action or inaction is inconsistent with such agreement. (2) Intent of CongressIt is the intention of the Congress through paragraph (1) to occupy the field with respect to any cause of action or defense under or in connection with any of the Uruguay Round Agreements, including by precluding any person other than the United States from bringing any action against any State or political subdivision thereof or raising any defense to the application of State law under or in connection with any of the Uruguay Round Agreements—(A) on the basis of a judgment obtained by the United States in an action brought under any such agreement; or (B) on any other basis. (d) Statement of administrative actionThe statement of administrative action approved by the Congress under section 3511(a) of this title shall be regarded as an authoritative expression by the United States concerning the interpretation and application of the Uruguay Round Agreements and this Act in any judicial proceeding in which a question arises concerning such interpretation or application.

19 U.S.C. § 3513 Implementing actions in anticipation of entry into force; regulations

(a) Implementing actionsAfter December 8, 1994—(1) the President may proclaim such actions, and (2) other appropriate officers of the United States Government may issue such regulations, as may be necessary to ensure that any provision of this Act, or amendment made by this Act, that takes effect on the date any of the Uruguay Round Agreements enters into force with respect to the United States is appropriately implemented on such date. Such proclamation or regulation may not have an effective date earlier than the date of entry into force with respect to the United States of the agreement to which the proclamation or regulation relates. (b) RegulationsAny interim regulation necessary or appropriate to carry out any action proposed in the statement of administrative action approved under section 3511(a) of this title to implement an agreement described in section 3511(d)(7), (12), or (13) of this title shall be issued not later than 1 year after the date on which the agreement enters into force with respect to the United States.

19 U.S.C. § 3521 Tariff modifications

(a) In generalIn addition to the authority provided by section 2902 of this title, the President shall have the authority to proclaim—(1) such other modification of any duty, (2) such other staged rate reduction, or (3) such additional duties, as the President determines to be necessary or appropriate to carry out Schedule XX. (b) Other tariff modificationsSubject to the consultation and layover requirements of section 3524 of this title, the President may proclaim—(1) the modification of any duty or staged rate reduction of any duty set forth in Schedule XX if—(A) the United States agrees to such modification or staged rate reduction in a multilateral negotiation under the auspices of the WTO, and (B) such modification or staged rate reduction applies to the rate of duty on an article contained in a tariff category that was the subject of reciprocal duty elimination or harmonization negotiations during the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations, and (2) such modifications as are necessary to correct technical errors in Schedule XX or to make other rectifications to the Schedule. (c) Authority to increase duties on articles from certain countries(1) In general(A) Determination with respect to certain countriesNotwithstanding section 1881 of this title, after the entry into force of the WTO Agreement with respect to the United States, if the President—(i) determines that a foreign country (other than a foreign country that is a WTO member country) is not according adequate trade benefits to the United States, including substantially equal competitive opportunities for the commerce of the United States, and (ii) consults with the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate, the President may proclaim an increase in the rate of duty with respect to any article of such country in accordance with subparagraph (B). (B) Rate of duty describedThe President may proclaim a rate of duty on any article of a country identified under subparagraph (A) that is equal to the greater of—(i) the rate of duty set forth for such article in the base rate of duty column of Schedule XX, or (ii) the rate of duty set forth for such article in the bound rate of duty column of Schedule XX. (2) Termination of increased dutiesThe President shall terminate any increase in the rate of duty proclaimed under this subsection by a proclamation which shall be effective on the earlier of—(A) the date set out in such proclamation of termination, or (B) the date the WTO Agreement enters into force with respect to the foreign country with respect to which the determination under paragraph (1) was made. (3) Publication of determination and terminationThe President shall publish in the Federal Register notice of a determination made under paragraph (1) and a termination occurring by reason of paragraph (2). (d) Adjustments to certain column 2 rates of dutyAt such time as the President proclaims any modification to the HTS to implement the provisions of Schedule XX, the President shall also proclaim the rate of duty set forth in Column B as the column 2 rate of duty for the subheading of the HTS that corresponds to the subheading in Schedule XX listed in Column A. Column AColumn B Schedule XX subheading:Rate of duty for column 2 of the HTS: 0201.10.5031.1% 0201.20.8031.1% 0201.30.8031.1% 0202.10.5031.1% 0202.20.8031.1% 0202.30.8031.1% 0401.30.2590.8¢/liter 0401.30.75$1.936/kg 0402.10.50$1.018/kg 0402.21.25$1.018/kg 0402.21.50$1.285/kg 0402.21.90$1.831/kg 0402.29.50$1.299/kg + 17.5% 0402.91.6036.8¢/kg 0402.99.5058.4¢/kg 0402.99.9054.5¢/kg + 17.5% 0403.10.50$1.217/kg + 20% 0403.90.1690.8¢/liter 0403.90.45$1.03/kg 0403.90.55$1.285/kg 0403.90.65$1.831/kg 0403.90.78$1.936/kg 0403.90.95$1.217/kg + 20% 0404.10.1120% 0404.10.15$1.217/kg + 10% 0404.10.90$1.03/kg 0404.90.3025% 0404.90.50$1.399/kg + 10% 0405.00.40$1.813/kg 0405.00.90$2.194/kg + 10% 0406.10.08$1.775/kg 0406.10.18$2.67/kg 0406.10.28$1.443/kg 0406.10.38$1.241/kg 0406.10.48$2.121/kg 0406.10.58$2.525/kg 0406.10.68$1.631/kg 0406.10.78$1.328/kg 0406.10.88$1.775/kg 0406.20.28$2.67/kg 0406.20.33$1.443/kg 0406.20.39$1.241/kg 0406.20.48$2.121/kg 0406.20.53$2.525/kg 0406.20.63$2.67/kg 0406.20.67$1.443/kg 0406.20.71$1.241/kg 0406.20.75$2.121/kg 0406.20.79$2.525/kg 0406.20.83$1.631/kg 0406.20.87$1.328/kg 0406.20.91$1.775/kg 0406.30.18$2.67/kg 0406.30.28$1.443/kg 0406.30.38$1.241/kg 0406.30.48$2.121/kg 0406.30.53$1.631/kg 0406.30.63$2.67/kg 0406.30.67$1.443/kg 0406.30.71$1.241/kg 0406.30.75$2.121/kg 0406.30.79$2.525/kg 0406.30.83$1.631/kg 0406.30.87$1.328/kg 0406.30.91$1.775/kg 0406.40.70$2.67/kg 0406.90.12$1.443/kg 0406.90.18$2.121/kg 0406.90.33$2.525/kg 0406.90.38$2.525/kg 0406.90.43$2.525/kg 0406.90.48$2.208/kg 0406.90.64$1.241/kg 0406.90.68$2.525/kg 0406.90.74$2.67/kg 0406.90.78$1.443/kg 0406.90.84$1.241/kg 0406.90.88$2.121/kg 0406.90.92$1.631/kg 0406.90.94$1.328/kg 0406.90.97$1.775/kg 1202.10.80192.7% 1202.20.80155% 1517.90.6040.2¢/kg 1701.11.5039.85¢/kg 1701.12.106.58170¢/kg less 0.0622005¢/kg for each degree under 100 degrees (and fractions of a degree in proportion) but not less than 5.031562¢/kg 1701.12.5042.05¢/kg 1701.91.106.58170¢/kg less 0.0622005¢/kg for each degree under 100 degrees (and fractions of a degree in proportion) but not less than 5.031562¢/kg 1701.91.3042.05¢/kg 1701.91.4839.9¢/kg + 6% 1701.91.5839.9¢/kg + 6% 1701.99.106.58170¢/kg less 0.0622005¢/kg for each degree under 100 degrees (and fractions of a degree in proportion) but not less than 5.031562¢/kg 1701.99.5042.05¢/kg 1702.20.2819.9¢/kg of total sugars + 6% 1702.30.2819.9¢/kg of total sugars + 6% 1702.40.2839.9¢/kg of total sugars + 6% 1702.60.2839.9¢/kg of total sugars + 6% 1702.90.106.58170¢/kg of total sugars 1702.90.2042.05¢/kg 1702.90.5839.9¢/kg of total sugars + 6% 1702.90.6839.9¢/kg + 6% 1704.90.5847.4¢/kg + 12.2% 1704.90.6847.4¢/kg + 12.2% 1704.90.7847.4¢/kg + 12.2% 1806.10.1525.5¢/kg 1806.10.2839.5¢/kg 1806.10.3839.5¢/kg 1806.10.5539.5¢/kg 1806.10.7539.5¢/kg 1806.20.2643.8¢/kg + 5% 1806.20.2862.1¢/kg + 5% 1806.20.3643.8¢/kg + 5% 1806.20.3862.1¢/kg + 5% 1806.20.7335.9¢/kg + 10% 1806.20.7735.9¢/kg + 10% 1806.20.8243.8¢/kg + 10% 1806.20.8362.1¢/kg + 10% 1806.20.8743.8¢/kg + 10% 1806.20.8962.1¢/kg + 10% 1806.20.9243.8¢/kg + 10% 1806.20.9362.1¢/kg + 10% 1806.20.9643.8¢/kg + 10% 1806.20.9762.1¢/kg + 10% 1806.32.0643.8¢/kg + 5% 1806.32.0862.1¢/kg + 5% 1806.32.1643.8¢/kg + 5% 1806.32.1862.1¢/kg + 5% 1806.32.7043.8¢/kg + 7% 1806.32.8062.1¢/kg + 7% 1806.90.0843.8¢/kg + 7% 1806.90.1062.1¢/kg + 7% 1806.90.1843.8¢/kg + 7% 1806.90.2062.1¢/kg + 7% 1806.90.2843.8¢/kg + 7% 1806.90.3062.1¢/kg + 7% 1806.90.3843.8¢/kg + 7% 1806.90.4062.1¢/kg + 7% 1806.90.4843.8¢/kg + 7% 1806.90.5062.1¢/kg + 7% 1806.90.5843.8¢/kg + 7% 1806.90.6062.1¢/kg + 7% 1901.10.30$1.217/kg + 17.5% 1901.10.40$1.217/kg + 17.5% 1901.10.75$1.217/kg + 17.5% 1901.10.85$1.217/kg + 17.5% 1901.20.1549.8¢/kg + 10% 1901.20.2549.8¢/kg + 10% 1901.20.3549.8¢/kg + 10% 1901.20.5049.8¢/kg + 10% 1901.20.6049.8¢/kg + 10% 1901.20.7049.8¢/kg + 10% 1901.90.36$1.328/kg 1901.90.4225% 1901.90.44$1.217/kg + 16% 1901.90.4625% 1901.90.48$1.217/kg + 16% 1901.90.5427.9¢/kg + 10% 1901.90.5827.9¢/kg + 10% 2008.11.15155% 2008.11.35155% 2008.11.60155% 2101.10.3835.9¢/kg + 10% 2101.10.4835.9¢/kg + 10% 2101.10.5835.9¢/kg + 10% 2101.20.3835.9¢/kg + 10% 2101.20.4835.9¢/kg + 10% 2101.20.5835.9¢/kg + 10% 2103.90.7835.9¢/kg + 7.5% 2105.00.2059¢/kg + 20% 2105.00.4059¢/kg + 20% 2106.90.02$1.014/kg 2106.90.04$2.348/kg 2106.90.08$2.348/kg 2106.90.116.58170¢/kg of total sugars 2106.90.1242.05¢/kg 2106.90.3482.8¢/kg + 10% 2106.90.3882.8¢/kg + 10% 2106.90.4482.8¢/kg + 10% 2106.90.4882.8¢/kg + 10% 2106.90.5733.9¢/kg + 10% 2106.90.6733.9¢/kg + 10% 2106.90.7733.9¢/kg + 10% 2106.90.8733.9¢/kg + 10% 2202.90.2827.6¢/liter + 17.5% 2309.90.2894.6¢/kg + 7.5% 2309.90.4894.6¢/kg + 7.5% 2401.10.7085¢/kg 2401.10.9085¢/kg 2401.20.30$1.21/kg 2401.20.45$1.15/kg 2401.20.55$1.15/kg 2801.30.2037% 2805.30.0031.3% 2805.40.005.7% 2811.19.104.9% 2818.10.204.1% 2822.00.001.7% 2827.39.2031.9% 2833.11.503.6% 2833.27.004.2% 2836.40.204.8% 2836.60.008.4% 2837.20.105.1% 2840.11.001.2% 2840.19.000.4% 2849.20.201.6% 2903.15.0088% 2903.16.0033.3% 2903.30.0546.3% 2906.11.006.2% 2907.12.0048.3% 2909.11.004% 2912.11.0012.1% 2916.15.1035.2% 2916.19.3024.4% 2923.20.2033.4% 3213.90.0048.6% 3307.10.2081.7% 3307.49.0073.2% 3403.11.200.4% 3403.19.100.4% 3506.10.1030.4% 3603.00.308.3% 3603.00.900.3% 3604.10.0012.5% 3606.90.3056.7% 3706.10.307% 3807.00.000.2% 3823.90.3326.3% 3904.61.0034.1% 3916.90.1040.6% 3920.51.5048.2% 3920.59.8051.7% 3926.90.658.4% 5201.00.1836.9¢/kg 5201.00.2836.9¢/kg 5201.00.3836.9¢/kg 5201.00.8036.9¢/kg 5202.99.309.2¢/kg 5203.00.3036.9¢/kg (e) Authority to consolidate subheadings and modify column 2 rates of duty for tariff simplification purposes(1) In generalWhenever the HTS column 1 general rates of duty for 2 or more 8-digit subheadings are at the same level and such subheadings are subordinate to a provision required by the International Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, the President may proclaim, subject to the consultation and layover requirements of section 3524 of this title, that the goods described in such subheadings be provided for in a single 8-digit subheading of the HTS, and that—(A) the HTS column 1 general rate of duty for such single subheading be the column 1 general rate of duty common to all such subheadings, and (B) the HTS column 2 rate of duty for such single subheading be the highest column 2 rate of duty for such subheadings that is in effect on the day before the effective date of such proclamation. (2) Same level of dutyThe provisions of this subsection apply to subheadings described in paragraph (1) that have the same column 1 general rate of duty—(A) on December 8, 1994, or (B) after December 8, 1994, as a result of a staged reduction in such column 1 rates of duty.

19 U.S.C. § 3522 Liquidation or reliquidation and refund of duty paid on certain entries

(a) Liquidation or reliquidationNotwithstanding section 1514 of this title or any other provision of law, and subject to subsection (b), the Secretary of the Treasury shall liquidate or reliquidate the entries listed or otherwise described in subsection (c) and refund any duty or excess duty that was paid, as provided in subsection (c). (b) RequestsLiquidation or reliquidation may be made under subsection (a) with respect to an entry only if a request therefor is filed with the Customs Service, within 180 days after the date on which the WTO Agreement enters into force with respect to the United States, that contains sufficient information to enable the Customs Service—(1) to locate the entry; or (2) to reconstruct the entry if it cannot be located. (c) EntriesThe entries referred to in subsection (a) are as follows:(1) Agglomerated stone tilesAny goods—(A) for which the importer claimed or would have claimed entry under subheading 6810.19.12 of the HTS on or after October 1, 1990, and before the effective date of a proclamation issued by the President under section 3513(a) of this title with respect to items under such subheading in order to carry out Schedule XX, or (B) entered on or after January 1, 1989, and before October 1, 1990, for which entry would have been claimed under subheading 6810.19.12 of the HTS on or after October 1, 1990, shall be liquidated or reliquidated as if the wording of that subheading were “Of stone agglomerated with binders other than cement”, and the Secretary of the Treasury shall refund any excess duties paid with respect to such entries. (2) Clomiphene citrate(A) Any entry, or withdrawal from warehouse for consumption, of goods described in heading 9902.29.95 of the HTS (relating to clomiphene citrate) which was made after December 31, 1988, and before January 1, 1993, and with respect to which there would have been no duty if the reference to subheading “2922.19.15” in such heading were a reference to subheading “2922.19.15 or any subheading of chapter 30” at the time of such entry or withdrawal, shall be liquidated or reliquidated as free of duty. (B) The Secretary of the Treasury shall refund any duties paid with respect to entries described in subparagraph (A).

19 U.S.C. § 3523 Duty free treatment for octadecyl isocyanate and 5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy)phenol

The President— (1) shall proclaim duty-free entry for octadecyl isocyanate and 5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy)phenol, to be effective on the effective date of the proclamation issued by the President under section 3513(a) of this title to carry out Schedule XX, and (2) shall take such actions as are necessary to reflect such tariff treatment in Schedule XX.

19 U.S.C. § 3524 Consultation and layover requirements for, and effective date of, proclaimed actions

If a provision of this Act provides that the implementation of an action by the President by proclamation is subject to the consultation and layover requirements of this section, such action may be proclaimed only if— (1) the President has obtained advice regarding the proposed action from—(A) the appropriate advisory committees established under section 2155 of this title, and (B) the International Trade Commission; (2) the President has submitted a report to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate that sets forth—(A) the action proposed to be proclaimed and the reasons for such actions, and (B) the advice obtained under paragraph (1); (3) a period of 60 calendar days, beginning with the first day on which the President has met the requirements of paragraphs (1) and (2) with respect to such action, has expired; and (4) the President has consulted with such committees regarding the proposed action during the period referred to in paragraph (3).

19 U.S.C. § 3531 Definitions

For purposes of this part: (1) Administering authorityThe term “administering authority” has the meaning given that term in section 1677(1) of this title. (2) Appellate BodyThe term “Appellate Body” means the Appellate Body established under Article 17.1 of the Dispute Settlement Understanding. (3) Appropriate congressional committees; congressional committees(A) Appropriate congressional committeesThe term “appropriate congressional committees” means the committees referred to in subparagraph (B) and any other committees of the Congress that have jurisdiction involving the matter with respect to which consultations are to be held. (B) Congressional committeesThe term “congressional committees” means the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate. (4) Dispute settlement panel; panelThe terms “dispute settlement panel” and “panel” mean a panel established pursuant to Article 6 of the Dispute Settlement Understanding. (5) Dispute Settlement BodyThe term “Dispute Settlement Body” means the Dispute Settlement Body administering the rules and procedures set forth in the Dispute Settlement Understanding. (6) Dispute Settlement UnderstandingThe term “Dispute Settlement Understanding” means the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes referred to in section 3511(d)(16) of this title. (7) General CouncilThe term “General Council” means the General Council established under paragraph 2 of Article IV of the WTO Agreement. (8) Ministerial ConferenceThe term “Ministerial Conference” means the Ministerial Conference established under paragraph 1 of Article IV of the WTO Agreement. (9) Other termsThe terms “Antidumping Agreement”, “Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures”, and “Safeguards Agreement” mean the agreements referred to in section 3511(d)(7), (12), and (13) of this title, respectively.

19 U.S.C. § 3532 Implementation of Uruguay Round Agreements

(a) DecisionmakingIn the implementation of the Uruguay Round Agreements and the functioning of the World Trade Organization, it is the objective of the United States to ensure that the Ministerial Conference and the General Council continue the practice of decisionmaking by consensus followed under the GATT 1947, as required by paragraph 1 of article IX of the WTO Agreement. (b) Consultations with congressional committeesIn furtherance of the objective set forth in subsection (a), the Trade Representative shall consult with the appropriate congressional committees before any vote is taken by the Ministerial Conference or the General Council relating to—(1) the adoption of an interpretation of the WTO Agreement or another multilateral trade agreement, (2) the amendment of any such agreement, (3) the granting of a waiver of any obligation under any such agreement, (4) the adoption of any amendment to the rules or procedures of the Ministerial Conference or the General Council, (5) the accession of a state or separate customs territory to the WTO Agreement, or (6) the adoption of any other decision, if the action described in paragraph (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), or (6) would substantially affect the rights or obligations of the United States under the WTO Agreement or another multilateral trade agreement or potentially entails a change in Federal or State law. (c) Report on decisions(1) In generalNot later than 30 days after the end of any calendar year in which the Ministerial Conference or the General Council adopts by vote any decision to take any action described in paragraph (1), (2), (4), or (6) of subsection (b), the Trade Representative shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees describing—(A) the nature of the decision; (B) the efforts made by the United States to have the matter decided by consensus pursuant to paragraph 1 of article IX of the WTO Agreement, and the results of those efforts; (C) which countries voted for, and which countries voted against, the decision; (D) the rights or obligations of the United States affected by the decision and any Federal or State law that would be amended or repealed, if the President after consultation with the Congress determined that such amendment or repeal was an appropriate response; and (E) the action the President intends to take in response to the decision or, if the President does not intend to take any action, the reasons therefor. (2) Additional reporting requirements(A) Grant of waiverIn the case of a decision to grant a waiver described in subsection (b)(3), the report under paragraph (1) shall describe the terms and conditions of the waiver and the rights and obligations of the United States that are affected by the waiver. (B) AccessionIn the case of a decision on accession described in subsection (b)(5), the report under paragraph (1) shall state whether the United States intends to invoke Article XIII of the WTO Agreement. (d) Consultation on reportPromptly after the submission of a report under subsection (c), the Trade Representative shall consult with the appropriate congressional committees with respect to the report.

19 U.S.C. § 3533 Dispute settlement panels and procedures

(a) Review by PresidentThe President shall review annually the WTO panel roster and shall include the panel roster and the list of persons serving on the Appellate Body in the annual report submitted by the President under section 2213(a) of this title. (b) Qualifications of appointees to panelsThe Trade Representative shall—(1) seek to ensure that persons appointed to the WTO panel roster are well-qualified, and that the roster includes persons with expertise in the subject areas covered by the Uruguay Round Agreements; and (2) inform the President of persons nominated to the roster by other WTO member countries. (c) Rules governing conflicts of interestThe Trade Representative shall seek the establishment by the General Council and the Dispute Settlement Body of rules governing conflicts of interest by persons serving on panels and members of the Appellate Body and shall describe, in the annual report submitted under section 3534 of this title, any progress made in establishing such rules. (d) Notification of disputesPromptly after a dispute settlement panel is established to consider the consistency of Federal or State law with any of the Uruguay Round Agreements, the Trade Representative shall notify the appropriate congressional committees of—(1) the nature of the dispute, including the matters set forth in the request for the establishment of the panel, the legal basis of the complaint, and the specific measures, in particular any State or Federal law cited in the request for establishment of the panel; (2) the identity of the persons serving on the panel; and (3) whether there was any departure from the rule of consensus with respect to the selection of persons to serve on the panel. (e) Notice of appeals of panel reportsIf an appeal is taken of a report of a panel in a proceeding described in subsection (d), the Trade Representative shall, promptly after the notice of appeal is filed, notify the appropriate congressional committees of—(1) the issues under appeal; and (2) the identity of the persons serving on the Appellate Body who are reviewing the report of the panel. (f) Actions upon circulation of reportsPromptly after the circulation of a report of a panel or of the Appellate Body to WTO members in a proceeding described in subsection (d), the Trade Representative shall—(1) notify the appropriate congressional committees of the report; (2) in the case of a report of a panel, consult with the appropriate congressional committees concerning the nature of any appeal that may be taken of the report; and (3) if the report is adverse to the United States, consult with the appropriate congressional committees concerning whether to implement the report’s recommendation and, if so, the manner of such implementation and the period of time needed for such implementation. (g) Requirements for agency action(1) Changes in agency regulations or practiceIn any case in which a dispute settlement panel or the Appellate Body finds in its report that a regulation or practice of a department or agency of the United States is inconsistent with any of the Uruguay Round Agreements, that regulation or practice may not be amended, rescinded, or otherwise modified in the implementation of such report unless and until—(A) the appropriate congressional committees have been consulted under subsection (f); (B) the Trade Representative has sought advice regarding the modification from relevant private sector advisory committees established under section 2155 of this title; (C) the head of the relevant department or agency has provided an opportunity for public comment by publishing in the Federal Register the proposed modification and the explanation for the modification; (D) the Trade Representative has submitted to the appropriate congressional committees a report describing the proposed modification, the reasons for the modification, and a summary of the advice obtained under subparagraph (B) with respect to the modification; (E) the Trade Representative and the head of the relevant department or agency have consulted with the appropriate congressional committees on the proposed contents of the final rule or other modification; and (F) the final rule or other modification has been published in the Federal Register. (2) Effective date of modificationA final rule or other modification to which paragraph (1) applies may not go into effect before the end of the 60-day period beginning on the date on which consultations under paragraph (1)(E) begin, unless the President determines that an earlier effective date is in the national interest. (3) Vote by congressional committeesDuring the 60-day period described in paragraph (2), the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate may vote to indicate the agreement or disagreement of the committee with the proposed contents of the final rule or other modification. Any such vote shall not be binding on the department or agency which is implementing the rule or other modification. (4) Inapplicability to ITCThis subsection does not apply to any regulation or practice of the International Trade Commission. (h) Consultations regarding review of WTO rules and proceduresBefore the review is conducted of the dispute settlement rules and procedures of the WTO that is provided for in the Decision on the Application of the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes, as such decision is set forth in the Ministerial Declarations and Decisions adopted on April 15, 1994, together with the Uruguay Round Agreements, the Trade Representative shall consult with the congressional committees regarding the policy of the United States concerning the review.

19 U.S.C. § 3534 Annual report on WTO

Not later than March 1 of each year beginning in 1996, the Trade Representative shall submit to the Congress a report describing, for the preceding fiscal year of the WTO— (1) the major activities and work programs of the WTO, including the functions and activities of the committees established under article IV of the WTO Agreement, and the expenditures made by the WTO in connection with those activities and programs; (2) the percentage of budgetary assessments by the WTO that were accounted for by each WTO member country, including the United States; (3) the total number of personnel employed or retained by the Secretariat of the WTO, and the number of professional, administrative, and support staff of the WTO; (4) for each personnel category described in paragraph (3), the number of citizens of each country, and the average salary of the personnel, in that category; (5) each report issued by a panel or the Appellate Body in a dispute settlement proceeding regarding Federal or State law, and any efforts by the Trade Representative to provide for implementation of the recommendations contained in a report that is adverse to the United States; (6) each proceeding before a panel or the Appellate Body that was initiated during that fiscal year regarding Federal or State law, the status of the proceeding, and the matter at issue; (7) the status of consultations with any State whose law was the subject of a report adverse to the United States that was issued by a panel or the Appellate Body; and (8) any progress achieved in increasing the transparency of proceedings of the Ministerial Conference and the General Council, and of dispute settlement proceedings conducted pursuant to the Dispute Settlement Understanding.

19 U.S.C. § 3535 Review of participation in WTO

(a) Report on operation of WTOThe first annual report submitted to the Congress under section 3534 of this title—(1) after the end of the 5-year period beginning on the date on which the WTO Agreement enters into force with respect to the United States, and (2) after the end of every 5-year period thereafter, shall include an analysis of the effects of the WTO Agreement on the interests of the United States, the costs and benefits to the United States of its participation in the WTO, and the value of the continued participation of the United States in the WTO. (b) Congressional disapproval of U.S. participation in WTO(1) General ruleThe approval of the Congress, provided under section 3511(a) of this title, of the WTO Agreement shall cease to be effective if, and only if, a joint resolution described in subsection (c) is enacted into law pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2). (2) Procedural provisions(A) The requirements of this paragraph are met if the joint resolution is enacted under subsection (c), and—(i) the Congress adopts and transmits the joint resolution to the President before the end of the 90-day period (excluding any day described in section 2194(b) of this title), beginning on the date on which the Congress receives a report referred to in subsection (a), and (ii) if the President vetoes the joint resolution, each House of Congress votes to override that veto on or before the later of the last day of the 90-day period referred to in clause (i) or the last day of the 15-day period (excluding any day described in section 2194(b) of this title) beginning on the date on which the Congress receives the veto message from the President. (B) A joint resolution to which this section applies may be introduced at any time on or after the date on which the President transmits to the Congress a report described in subsection (a), and before the end of the 90-day period referred to in subparagraph (A). (c) Joint resolutions(1) Joint resolutionsFor purposes of this section, the term “joint resolution” means only a joint resolution of the 2 Houses of Congress, the matter after the resolving clause of which is as follows: “That the Congress withdraws its approval, provided under section 101(a) of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act, of the WTO Agreement as defined in section 2(9) of that Act.” (2) Procedures(A) Joint resolutions may be introduced in either House of the Congress by any member of such House. (B) Subject to the provisions of this subsection, the provisions of subsections (b), (d), (e), and (f) of section 2192 of this title apply to joint resolutions to the same extent as such provisions apply to resolutions under such section. (C) If the committee of either House to which a joint resolution has been referred has not reported it by the close of the 45th day after its introduction (excluding any day described in section 2194(b) of this title), such committee shall be automatically discharged from further consideration of the joint resolution and it shall be placed on the appropriate calendar. (D) It is not in order for—(i) the Senate to consider any joint resolution unless it has been reported by the Committee on Finance or the committee has been discharged under subparagraph (C); or (ii) the House of Representatives to consider any joint resolution unless it has been reported by the Committee on Ways and Means or the committee has been discharged under subparagraph (C). (E) A motion in the House of Representatives to proceed to the consideration of a joint resolution may only be made on the second legislative day after the calendar day on which the Member making the motion announces to the House his or her intention to do so. (3) Consideration of second resolution not in orderIt shall not be in order in either the House of Representatives or the Senate to consider a joint resolution (other than a joint resolution received from the other House), if that House has previously adopted a joint resolution under this section. (d) Rules of House of Representatives and SenateThis section is enacted by the Congress—(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of the House of Representatives and the Senate, respectively, and as such is deemed a part of the rules of each House, respectively, and such procedures supersede other rules only to the extent that they are inconsistent with such other rules; and (2) with the full recognition of the constitutional right of either House to change the rules (so far as relating to the procedures of that House) at any time, in the same manner, and to the same extent as any other rule of that House.

19 U.S.C. § 3536 Increased transparency

The Trade Representative shall seek the adoption by the Ministerial Conference and General Council of procedures that will ensure broader application of the principle of transparency and clarification of the costs and benefits of trade policy actions, through the observance of open and equitable procedures in trade matters by the Ministerial Conference and the General Council, and by the dispute settlement panels and the Appellate Body under the Dispute Settlement Understanding.

19 U.S.C. § 3537 Access to WTO dispute settlement process

(a) In generalWhenever the United States is a party before a dispute settlement panel established pursuant to Article 6 of the Dispute Settlement Understanding, the Trade Representative shall, at each stage of the proceeding before the panel or the Appellate Body, consult with the appropriate congressional committees, the petitioner (if any) under section 2412(a) of this title with respect to the matter that is the subject of the proceeding, and relevant private sector advisory committees established under section 2155 of this title, and shall consider the views of representatives of appropriate interested private sector and nongovernmental organizations concerning the matter. (b) Notice and public commentIn any proceeding described in subsection (a), the Trade Representative shall—(1) promptly after requesting the establishment of a panel, or receiving a request from another WTO member country for the establishment of a panel, publish a notice in the Federal Register—(A) identifying the initial parties to the dispute, (B) setting forth the major issues raised by the country requesting the establishment of a panel and the legal basis of the complaint, (C) identifying the specific measures, including any State or Federal law cited in the request for establishment of the panel, and (D) seeking written comments from the public concerning the issues raised in the dispute; and (2) take into account any advice received from appropriate congressional committees and relevant private sector advisory committees referred to in subsection (a), and written comments received pursuant to paragraph (1)(D), in preparing United States submissions to the panel or the Appellate Body. (c) Access to documentsIn each proceeding described in subsection (a), the Trade Representative shall—(1) make written submissions by the United States referred to in subsection (b) available to the public promptly after they are submitted to the panel or Appellate Body, except that the Trade Representative is authorized to withhold from disclosure any information contained in such submissions identified by the provider of the information as proprietary information or information treated as confidential by a foreign government; (2) request each other party to the dispute to permit the Trade Representative to make that party’s written submissions to the panel or the Appellate Body available to the public; and (3) make each report of the panel or the Appellate Body available to the public promptly after it is circulated to WTO members, and inform the public of such availability. (d) Requests for nonconfidential summariesIn any dispute settlement proceeding conducted pursuant to the Dispute Settlement Understanding, the Trade Representative shall request each party to the dispute to provide nonconfidential summaries of its written submissions, if that party has not made its written submissions public, and shall make those summaries available to the public promptly after receiving them. (e) Public fileThe Trade Representative shall maintain a file accessible to the public on each dispute settlement proceeding to which the United States is a party that is conducted pursuant to the Dispute Settlement Understanding. The file shall include all United States submissions in the proceeding and a listing of any submissions to the Trade Representative from the public with respect to the proceeding, as well as the report of the dispute settlement panel and the report of the Appellate Body.

19 U.S.C. § 3538 Administrative action following WTO panel reports

(a) Action by United States International Trade Commission(1) Advisory reportIf a dispute settlement panel finds in an interim report under Article 15 of the Dispute Settlement Understanding, or the Appellate Body finds in a report under Article 17 of that Understanding, that an action by the International Trade Commission in connection with a particular proceeding is not in conformity with the obligations of the United States under the Antidumping Agreement, the Safeguards Agreement, or the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, the Trade Representative may request the Commission to issue an advisory report on whether title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 [19 U.S.C. 1671 et seq.] or title II of the Trade Act of 1974 [19 U.S.C. 2251 et seq.], as the case may be, permits the Commission to take steps in connection with the particular proceeding that would render its action not inconsistent with the findings of the panel or the Appellate Body concerning those obligations. The Trade Representative shall notify the congressional committees of such request. (2) Time limits for reportThe Commission shall transmit its report under paragraph (1) to the Trade Representative—(A) in the case of an interim report described in paragraph (1), within 30 calendar days after the Trade Representative requests the report; and (B) in the case of a report of the Appellate Body, within 21 calendar days after the Trade Representative requests the report. (3) Consultations on request for Commission determinationIf a majority of the Commissioners issues an affirmative report under paragraph (1), the Trade Representative shall consult with the congressional committees concerning the matter. (4) Commission determinationNotwithstanding any provision of the Tariff Act of 1930 [19 U.S.C. 1202 et seq.] or title II of the Trade Act of 1974 [19 U.S.C. 2251 et seq.], if a majority of the Commissioners issues an affirmative report under paragraph (1), the Commission, upon the written request of the Trade Representative, shall issue a determination in connection with the particular proceeding that would render the Commission’s action described in paragraph (1) not inconsistent with the findings of the panel or Appellate Body. The Commission shall issue its determination not later than 120 days after the request from the Trade Representative is made. (5) Consultations on implementation of Commission determinationThe Trade Representative shall consult with the congressional committees before the Commission’s determination under paragraph (4) is implemented. (6) Revocation of orderIf, by virtue of the Commission’s determination under paragraph (4), an antidumping or countervailing duty order with respect to some or all of the imports that are subject to the action of the Commission described in paragraph (1) is no longer supported by an affirmative Commission determination under title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 [19 U.S.C. 1671 et seq.] or this subsection, the Trade Representative may, after consulting with the congressional committees under paragraph (5), direct the administering authority to revoke the antidumping or countervailing duty order in whole or in part. (b) Action by administering authority(1) Consultations with administering authority and congressional committeesPromptly after a report by a dispute settlement panel or the Appellate Body is issued that contains findings that an action by the administering authority in a proceeding under title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 [19 U.S.C. 1671 et seq.] is not in conformity with the obligations of the United States under the Antidumping Agreement or the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, the Trade Representative shall consult with the administering authority and the congressional committees on the matter. (2) Determination by administering authorityNotwithstanding any provision of the Tariff Act of 1930 [19 U.S.C. 1202 et seq.], the administering authority shall, within 180 days after receipt of a written request from the Trade Representative, issue a determination in connection with the particular proceeding that would render the administering authority’s action described in paragraph (1) not inconsistent with the findings of the panel or the Appellate Body. (3) Consultations before implementationBefore the administering authority implements any determination under paragraph (2), the Trade Representative shall consult with the administering authority and the congressional committees with respect to such determination. (4) Implementation of determinationThe Trade Representative may, after consulting with the administering authority and the congressional committees under paragraph (3), direct the administering authority to implement, in whole or in part, the determination made under paragraph (2). (c) Effects of determinations; notice of implementation(1) Effects of determinationsDeterminations concerning title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 [19 U.S.C. 1671 et seq.] that are implemented under this section shall apply with respect to unliquidated entries of the subject merchandise (as defined in section 771 of that Act [19 U.S.C. 1677]) that are entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption on or after—(A) in the case of a determination by the Commission under subsection (a)(4), the date on which the Trade Representative directs the administering authority under subsection (a)(6) to revoke an order pursuant to that determination, and (B) in the case of a determination by the administering authority under subsection (b)(2), the date on which the Trade Representative directs the administering authority under subsection (b)(4) to implement that determination. (2) Notice of implementation(A) The administering authority shall publish in the Federal Register notice of the implementation of any determination made under this section with respect to title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 [19 U.S.C. 1671 et seq.]. (B) The Trade Representative shall publish in the Federal Register notice of the implementation of any determination made under this section with respect to title II of the Trade Act of 1974 [19 U.S.C. 2251 et seq.]. (d) Opportunity for comment by interested partiesPrior to issuing a determination under this section, the administering authority or the Commission, as the case may be, shall provide interested parties with an opportunity to submit written comments and, in appropriate cases, may hold a hearing, with respect to the determination.

19 U.S.C. § 3539 Fund for WTO dispute settlements

(a) Establishment of fundThere is established in the Treasury a fund for the payment of settlements under this section. (b) Authority of USTR to pay settlementsAmounts in the fund established under subsection (a) shall be available, as provided in appropriations Acts, only for the payment by the United States Trade Representative of the amount of the total or partial settlement of any dispute pursuant to proceedings under the auspices of the World Trade Organization, if—(1) in the case of a total or partial settlement in an amount of not more than $10,000,000, the Trade Representative certifies to the Secretary of the Treasury that the settlement is in the best interests of the United States; and (2) in the case of a total or partial settlement in an amount of more than $10,000,000, the Trade Representative certifies to the Congress that the settlement is in the best interests of the United States. (c) AppropriationsThere are authorized to be appropriated to the fund established under subsection (a)—(1) $50,000,000; and (2) amounts equivalent to amounts recovered by the United States pursuant to the settlement of disputes pursuant to proceedings under the auspices of the World Trade Organization. Amounts appropriated to the fund are authorized to remain available until expended. (d) Management of fundSections 9601 and 9602(b) of title 26 shall apply to the fund established under subsection (a) to the same extent as such provisions apply to trust funds established under subchapter A of chapter 98 of such title.

19 U.S.C. § 3551 Working party on worker rights

(a) In generalThe President shall seek the establishment in the GATT 1947, and, upon entry into force of the WTO Agreement with respect to the United States, in the WTO, of a working party to examine the relationship of internationally recognized worker rights, as defined in section 2467(4) of this title, to the articles, objectives, and related instruments of the GATT 1947 and of the WTO, respectively. (b) Objectives of working partyThe objectives of the United States for the working party described in subsection (a) are to—(1) explore the linkage between international trade and internationally recognized worker rights, as defined in section 2467(4) of this title, taking into account differences in the level of development among countries; (2) examine the effects on international trade of the systematic denial of such rights; (3) consider ways to address such effects; and (4) develop methods to coordinate the work program of the working party with the International Labor Organization. (c) Report to CongressThe President shall report to the Congress, not later than 1 year after December 8, 1994, on the progress made in establishing the working party under this section, and on United States objectives with respect to the working party’s work program.

19 U.S.C. § 3552 Implementation of Rules of Origin work program

If the President enters into an agreement developed under the work program described in Article 9 of the Agreement on Rules of Origin referred to in section 3511(d)(10) of this title, the President may implement United States obligations under such an agreement under United States law only pursuant to authority granted to the President for that purpose by law enacted after the effective date of this section.

19 U.S.C. § 3553 Membership in WTO of boycotting countries

It is the sense of the Congress that the Trade Representative should vigorously oppose the admission into the World Trade Organization of any country which, through its laws, regulations, official policies, or governmental practices, fosters, imposes, complies with, furthers, or supports any boycott described in section 4607(a) of title 50 (as in effect on August 20, 1994), including requiring or encouraging entities within that country to refuse to do business with persons who do not comply with requests to take any action prohibited under that section.

19 U.S.C. § 3554 Africa trade and development policy

(a) Development of policyThe President should develop and implement a comprehensive trade and development policy for the countries of Africa. (b) Reports to CongressThe President shall, not later than 12 months after December 8, 1994, and annually thereafter for a period of 4 years, submit to the Committee on Ways and Means and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Finance and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and other appropriate committees of the Congress, a report on the steps taken to carry out subsection (a).

19 U.S.C. § 3555 Objectives for extended negotiations

(a) Trade in financial servicesThe principal negotiating objective of the United States in the extended negotiations on financial services to be conducted under the auspices of the WTO is to seek to secure commitments, from a wide range of commercially important developed and developing countries, to reduce or eliminate barriers to the supply of financial services, including barriers that deny national treatment or market access by restricting the establishment or operation of financial services providers, as the condition for the United States—(1) offering commitments to provide national treatment and market access in each of the financial services subsectors, and (2) making such commitments on a normal trade relations basis. (b) Trade in basic telecommunications servicesThe principal negotiating objective of the United States in the extended negotiations on basic telecommunications services to be conducted under the auspices of the WTO is to obtain the opening on nondiscriminatory terms and conditions of foreign markets for basic telecommunications services through facilities-based competition or through the resale of services on existing networks. (c) Trade in civil aircraft(1) NegotiationsThe principal negotiating objectives of the United States in the extended negotiations on trade in civil aircraft to be conducted under the auspices of the WTO are—(A) to obtain competitive opportunities for United States exports in foreign markets substantially equivalent to those afforded to foreign products in the United States, (B) to obtain the reduction or elimination of specific tariff and nontariff barriers, including through expanded membership in the Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft and in the US–EC bilateral agreement for large civil aircraft, (C) to maintain vigorous and effective disciplines on subsidies practices with respect to civil aircraft products under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures referred to in section 3511(d)(12) of this title, (D) to maintain the scope and coverage on indirect support as specified in the US–EC bilateral agreement on large civil aircraft, and (E) to obtain increased transparency with respect to foreign subsidy programs in the civil aircraft sector, both through greater government disclosure with respect to the use of taxpayer moneys and higher financial disclosure standards for companies receiving government supports (including disclosure comparable to that required under United States securities laws). (2) DefinitionsFor purposes of paragraph (1)—(A) the term “civil aircraft” means those products to which the Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft applies, (B) the term “large civil aircraft” has the meaning given that term in Annex II to the US–EC bilateral agreement, (C) the term “indirect support” means indirect government support as defined in Annex II to the US–EC bilateral agreement, (D) the term “Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft” means the Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft approved by the Congress under section 2503 of this title, and (E) the term “US–EC bilateral agreement” means the Agreement Concerning the Application of the GATT Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft Between the European Economic Community and the Government of the United States of America on trade in large civil aircraft, entered into on July 17, 1992.

19 U.S.C. § 3556 Certain nonrubber footwear

In the case of nonrubber footwear imported from Brazil— (1) which is subject to Treasury Decision 74-233, dated September 9, 1974, (2) which was entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or before October 28, 1981, and (3) with respect to which entries are unliquidated on December 8, 1994, countervailing duties shall be assessed at rates equal to the amount of the cash deposit of the estimated countervailing duties required on such footwear at the time of entry or withdrawal from warehouse for consumption. Interest on underpayments of amounts required to be deposited as countervailing duties shall be paid in accordance with section 1677g of this title.

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