b What alternative GHG and VOC standards apply to fugitive emissions components affected facilities and what inspection and monitoring requirements apply to covers and closed vent systems when using an alternative technology?
40 C.F.R. § 60.5398b
in effectThis section provides alternative GHG and VOC standards for fugitive emissions components affected facilities in § 60.5397b and alternative continuous inspection and monitoring requirements for covers and closed vent systems in § 60.5416b(a)(1)(ii) and (iii), (2)(ii) through (iv), and (3)(iii) and (iv). If you choose to use an alternative standard under this section, you must submit the notification under paragraph (a) of this section. If you choose to demonstrate compliance with the alternative GHG and VOC standards through periodic screening, you are subject to the requirements in paragraph (b) of this section. If you choose to demonstrate compliance through a continuous monitoring system, you are subject to the requirements in paragraph (c) of this section. The technology used for periodic screenings under paragraph (b) of this section or continuous monitoring under paragraph (c) of this section must be approved in accordance with paragraph (d) of this section.
(a) Notification. If you choose to demonstrate compliance with the alternative GHG and VOC standards in either paragraph (b) or (c) of this section, you must notify the Administrator of adoption of the alternative standards in the first annual report following implementation of the alternative standards, as specified in § 60.5424b(a). Once you have implemented the alternative standards, you must continue to comply with the alternative standards.
(b) Periodic Screening. You may choose to demonstrate compliance for your fugitive emissions components affected facility and compliance with continuous inspection and monitoring requirements for your covers and closed vent systems through periodic screenings using any methane measurement technology approved in accordance with paragraph (d) of this section. If you choose to demonstrate compliance using periodic screenings, you must comply with the requirements in paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section and comply with the recordkeeping and reporting requirements in § 60.5424b.
(1) You must use one or more alternative test method(s) approved per paragraph (d) of this section to conduct periodic screenings.
(i) The required frequencies for conducting periodic screenings are listed in tables 1 and 2 to this subpart. You must choose the appropriate frequency for conducting periodic screenings based on the minimum aggregate detection threshold of the method used to conduct the periodic screenings. You must also use tables 1 and 2 to this subpart to determine whether you must conduct an annual fugitive emissions survey using OGI, except as provided in paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section.
(ii) For well sites, centralized production facilities, and compressor stations subject to quarterly OGI monitoring surveys in § 60.5397b(g)(1)(iv) and/or (v), prior to March 9, 2026, if you use an alternative test method approved per paragraph (d) of this section with a minimum aggregated detection threshold less than or equal to 3 kg/hr, in lieu of conducting periodic screening events at the frequency specified in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section, you may conduct periodic screening events quarterly. After March 9, 2026, you must conduct periodic screening events at the frequency specified in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section.
(iii) Use of table 1 or 2 to this subpart is based on the required frequency for conducting monitoring surveys in § 60.5397b(g)(1)(i) through (v).
(iv) You may replace one or more individual periodic screening events required by table 1 or 2 to this subpart with an OGI survey. The OGI survey must be conducted according to the requirements outlined in § 60.5397b.
(v) If you use multiple methods to conduct periodic screenings, you must conduct all periodic screenings, regardless of the method used for the individual periodic screening event, at the frequency required for the alternative test method with the highest aggregate detection threshold (e.g., if you use methods with aggregate detection thresholds of 15 kg/hr, your periodic screenings must be conducted monthly). You must also conduct an annual OGI survey if an annual OGI survey is required for the alternative test method with the highest aggregate detection threshold.
(2) You must develop a monitoring plan that covers the collection of fugitive emissions components, covers, and closed vent systems at each site where you will use periodic screenings to demonstrate compliance. You may develop a site-specific monitoring plan, or you may include multiple sites that you own or operate in one plan. At a minimum, the monitoring plan must contain the information specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (ix) of this section.
(i) Identification of each site that will be monitored through periodic screening, including latitude and longitude coordinates of the site in decimal degrees to an accuracy and precision of at least four decimals of a degree using the North American Datum of 1983.
(ii) Identification of the alternative test method(s) approved per paragraph (d) of this section that will be used for periodic screenings and the spatial resolution (i.e., component-level, area-level, or facility-level) of the technology used for each method.
(iii) Identification of and contact information for the entities that will be performing the periodic screenings.
(iv) Required frequency for conducting periodic screenings, based on the criteria outlined in paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
(v) If you are required to conduct an annual OGI survey by paragraph (b)(1)(i) or (iii) of this section or you choose to replace any individual screening event with an OGI survey, your monitoring plan must also include the information required by § 60.5397b(b).
(vi) Procedures for conducting monitoring surveys required by paragraphs (b)(5)(ii)(A), (b)(5)(iii)(A), and (b)(5)(iv)(A) of this section. At a minimum, your monitoring plan must include the information required by § 60.5397b(c)(2), (3), (7), and (8), and (d), as applicable. The provisions of § 60.5397b(d)(3) do not apply for purposes of conducting monitoring surveys required by paragraphs (b)(5)(ii) through (iv) of this section.
(vii) Procedures and timeframes for identifying and repairing fugitive emissions components, covers, and closed vent systems from which emissions are detected.
(viii) Procedures and timeframes for verifying repairs for fugitive emissions components, covers, and closed vent systems.
(ix) Records that will be kept and the length of time records will be kept.
(3) You must conduct the initial screening of your site according to the timeframes specified in (b)(3)(i) through (v) of this section.
(i) Within 90 days of the startup of production for each fugitive emissions components affected facility and storage vessel affected facility located at a new well site or centralized production facility.
(ii) Within 90 days of the startup of a new compressor station for each fugitive emissions components affected facility and storage vessel affected facility located at a new compressor station.
(iii) Within 90 days of the startup of production after modification for each modified fugitive emissions components affected facility and storage vessel affected facility at a well site or centralized production facility.
(iv) Within 90 days of modification for each modified fugitive emissions components affected facility and storage vessel affected facility at a compressor station.
(v) No later than the final date by which the next monitoring survey required by § 60.5397b(g)(1)(i) through (v) would have been required to be conducted if you were previously complying with the requirements in § 60.5397b and § 60.5416b(a)(1)(ii) and (iii), (2)(ii) through (iv), and (3)(iii) and (iv).
(4) If you are required to conduct an annual OGI survey by paragraph (b)(1)(i) or (iii) of this section, you must conduct OGI surveys according to the schedule in paragraphs (b)(4)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) You must conduct the initial OGI survey no later than 12 calendar months after conducting the initial screening event in paragraph (b)(3) of this section.
(ii) Each subsequent OGI survey must be conducted no later than 12 calendar months after the previous OGI survey was conducted. Each identified source of fugitive emissions during the OGI survey shall be repaired in accordance with § 60.5397b(h).
(iii) If you replace a periodic screening event with an OGI survey or you are required to conduct a monitoring survey in accordance with paragraph (b)(5)(ii)(A) of this section prior to the date that your next OGI survey under paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this section is due, the OGI survey conducted in lieu of the periodic screening event or the monitoring survey under paragraph (b)(5)(ii)(A) of this section can be used to fulfill the requirements of paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this section. The next OGI survey is required to be conducted no later than 12 calendar months after the date of the survey conducted under paragraph (b)(1)(iv) or (b)(5)(ii)(A) of this section.
(iv) You cannot use a monitoring survey conducted under paragraph (b)(5)(iii)(A) or (b)(5)(iv)(A) of this section to fulfill the requirements of paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this section unless the monitoring survey included all fugitive emission components at the site.
(5) You must investigate confirmed detections of emissions from periodic screening events and repair each identified source of emissions in accordance with paragraphs (b)(5)(i) through (vii) of this section.
(i) You must receive the results of the periodic screening no later than 5 calendar days after the screening event occurs.
(ii) If you use an alternative test method with a facility-level spatial resolution to conduct a periodic screening event and the results of the periodic screening event indicate a confirmed detection of emissions from an affected facility, you must take the actions listed in paragraphs (b)(5)(ii)(A) through (C) of this section.
(A) You must conduct a monitoring survey of the entire fugitive emissions components affected facility following the procedures in your monitoring plan. During the survey, you must observe each fugitive emissions component for fugitive emissions.
(B) You must inspect all covers and closed vent system(s) with OGI or Method 21 to appendix A-7 to this part in accordance with the requirements in § 60.5416b(b)(1) through (4), as applicable.
(C) You must conduct a visual inspection of all covers and closed vent systems to identify if there are any defects, as defined in § 60.5416b(a)(1)(ii), (a)(2)(iii), or (a)(3)(i), as applicable.
(iii) If you use an alternative test method with an area-level spatial resolution to conduct a periodic screening event and the results of the periodic screening event indicate a confirmed detection of emissions from an affected facility, you must take the actions listed in paragraphs (b)(5)(iii)(A) and (B) of this section, as applicable.
(A) You must conduct a monitoring survey of all your fugitive emissions components located within a 4-meter radius of the location of the periodic screening's confirmed detection. You must follow the procedures in your monitoring plan when conducting the survey.
(B) If the confirmed detection occurred in the portion of a site that contains a storage vessel or a closed vent system, you must inspect all covers and all closed vent systems that are connected to all storage vessels and closed vent systems that are within a 2-meter radius of the location of the periodic screening's confirmed detection (i.e., you must inspect the whole system that is connected to the portion of the system in the radius of the detected event, not just the portion of the system that falls within the radius of the detected event).
(1) You must inspect the cover(s) and closed vent system(s) with OGI or Method 21 to appendix A-7 to this part in accordance with the requirements in § 60.5416b(b)(1) through (4), as applicable.
(2) You must conduct a visual inspection of the closed vent system(s) and cover(s) to identify if there are any defects, as defined in § 60.5416b(a)(1)(ii), (a)(2)(iii), or (a)(3)(i), as applicable.
(iv) If you use an alternative test method with a component-level spatial resolution to conduct a periodic screening event and the results of the periodic screening event indicate a confirmed detection of emissions from an affected facility, you must take the actions listed in paragraphs (b)(5)(iv)(A) and (B) of this section, as applicable.
(A) You must conduct a monitoring survey of the all the fugitive emissions components located within a 1-meter radius of the location of the periodic screening's confirmed detection. You must follow the procedures in your monitoring plan when conducting the survey.
(B) If the confirmed detection occurred in the portion of a site that contains a storage vessel or a closed vent system, you must inspect all covers and all closed vent systems that are connected to all storage vessels and closed vent systems that are within a 0.5-meter radius of the location of the periodic screening's confirmed detection (i.e., you must inspect the whole system that is connected to the portion of the system in the radius of the detected event, not just the portion of the system that falls within the radius of the detected event).
(1) You must inspect the cover(s) and closed vent system(s) with OGI or Method 21 to appendix A-7 to this part in accordance with the requirements in § 60.5416b(b)(1) through (4), as applicable.
(2) You must conduct a visual inspection of the closed vent system(s) and cover(s) to identify if there are any defects, as defined in § 60.5416b(a)(1)(ii), (a)(2)(iii), or (a)(3)(i), as applicable.
(v) You must repair all sources of fugitive emissions in accordance with § 60.5397b(h) and all emissions or defects of covers and closed vent systems in accordance with § 60.5416b(b)(5), except as specified in this paragraph (b)(5)(v). Except as allowed by § 60.5397b(h)(3) and § 60.5416b(b)(6), all repairs must be completed, including the resurvey verifying the repair, within 30 days of receiving the results of the periodic screening in paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this section.
(vi) If the results of the periodic screening event in paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this section indicate a confirmed detection at an affected facility, and the ground-based monitoring survey and inspections required by paragraphs (b)(5)(ii) through (iv) of this section demonstrate the confirmed detection was caused by a failure of a control device used to demonstrate continuous compliance under this subpart, you must initiate an investigative analysis to determine the underlying primary and other contributing cause(s) of such failure within 24 hours of receiving the results of the monitoring survey and/or inspection. As part of the investigation, you must determine if the control device is operating in compliance with the applicable requirements of § 60.5415b and § 60.5417b, and if not, what actions are necessary to bring the control device into compliance with those requirements as soon as possible and prevent future failures of the control device from the same underlying cause(s).
(vii) If the results of the inspections required in paragraphs (b)(5)(ii) through (iv) of this section indicate that there is an emission or defect in your cover or closed vent system, you must perform an investigative analysis to determine the underlying primary and other contributing cause(s) of emissions from your cover or closed vent system within 5 days of completing the inspection required by paragraphs (b)(5)(ii) through (iv) of this section. The investigative analysis must include a determination as to whether the system was operated outside of the engineering design analysis and whether updates are necessary for the cover or closed vent system to prevent future emissions from the cover and closed vent system.
(6) You must maintain records as specified in § 60.5420b(c)(4) through (7), (14), and (15), and § 60.5424b(c).
(7) You must submit reports as specified in § 60.5424b.
(c) Continuous monitoring. You may choose to demonstrate compliance for your fugitive emissions components affected facility and compliance with continuous inspection and monitoring requirements for your covers and closed vent systems through continuous monitoring using a technology approved in accordance with paragraph (d) of this section. If you choose to demonstrate compliance using continuous monitoring, you must comply and develop a monitoring plan consistent with the requirements in paragraphs (c)(1) through (9) of this section and comply with the recordkeeping and reporting requirements in § 60.5424b.
(1) For the purpose of this section, continuous monitoring means the ability of a methane monitoring system to determine and record a valid methane mass emissions rate or equivalent of affected facilities at least once for every 12-hour block.
(i) The detection threshold of the system must be such that it can detect at least 0.40 kg/hr (0.88 lb/hr) of methane.
(ii) The health of the devices used within the continuous monitoring system must be confirmed for power and function at least twice every six-hour block.
(iii) The continuous monitoring system must transmit all applicable valid data at least once every 24-hours. The continuous monitoring system must transmit all valid data collected, including health checks required in paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this section.
(iv) The continuous monitoring system must continuously collect data as specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, except as specified in paragraphs (c)(1)(iv)(A) through (D) of this section:
(A) The rolling 12-month average operational downtime of the continuous monitoring system must be less than or equal to 10 percent.
(B) Operational downtime of the continuous monitoring system is defined as a period of time for which any monitor fails to collect or transmit data as specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section or any monitor is out-of-control as specified in paragraph (c)(1)(iv)(C) of this section.
(C) A monitor is out-of-control if it fails ongoing quality assurance checks, as specified in the alternative test method approved under paragraph (d) of this section, or if the monitor output is outside of range. The beginning of the out-of-control period is defined as the time of the failure of the quality assurance check. The end of the out-of-control period is defined as the time when either the monitor passes a subsequent quality assurance check, or a new monitor is installed. The out-of-control period for a monitor outside of range starts at the time when the monitor first reads outside of range and ends when the monitor reads within range again.
(D) The downtime for the continuous monitoring system must be calculated each calendar month. Once 12 months of data are available, at the end of each calendar month, you must calculate the 12-month average by averaging that month with the previous 11 calendar months. You must determine the rolling 12-month average by recalculating the 12-month average at the end of each month.
(2) You must develop a monitoring plan that covers the collection of fugitive emissions components, covers, and closed vent systems for each site where continuous monitoring will be used to demonstrate compliance. At a minimum, the monitoring plan must contain the information specified in paragraphs (c)(2)(i) through (xii) of this section.
(i) Identification of each site to be monitored through continuous monitoring, including latitude and longitude coordinates of the site in decimal degrees to an accuracy and precision of at least four decimals of a degree using the North American Datum of 1983.
(ii) Identification of the alternative test method(s) approved under paragraph (d) of this section used for the continuous monitoring, including the detection principle; the manufacturer, make, and model; instrument manual, if applicable; and the manufacturer's recommended maintenance schedule.
(iii) If the continuous monitoring system is administered through a third-party provider, contact information where the provider can be reached 24 hours a day.
(iv) Number and location of monitors. If the continuous monitoring system uses open path technology, you must identify the location of any reflectors used. These locations should be identified by latitude and longitude coordinates in decimal degrees to an accuracy and precision of at least five decimals of a degree using the North American Datum of 1983.
(v) Discussion of system calibration requirements, including but not limited to, the calibration procedures and calibration schedule for the detection systems and meteorology systems.
(vi) Identification of critical components and infrastructure (e.g., power, data systems) and procedures for their repairs.
(vii) Procedures for out-of-control periods.
(viii) Procedures for establishing baseline emissions, including the identification of any sources with methane emissions not subject to this subpart. The procedures for establishing the baseline emissions must account for variability in the operation of the site. Operation of the site during the development of the baseline emissions must represent the site's expected annual production or throughput.
(ix) Procedures for determining when a fugitive emissions event is detected by the continuous monitoring technology.
(x) Procedures and timeframes for identifying and repairing fugitive emissions components, covers, and closed vent systems from which emissions are detected.
(xi) Procedures and timeframes for verifying repairs for fugitive emissions components, covers, and closed vent systems.
(xii) Records that will be kept and the length of time records will be kept.
(3) You must install and begin conducting monitoring with your continuous monitoring system according to the timeframes specified in paragraphs (c)(3)(i) through (v) of this section.
(i) Within 120 days of the startup of production for each fugitive emissions components affected facility and storage vessel affected facility located at a new well site or centralized production facility.
(ii) Within 120 days of the startup of a new compressor station for each fugitive emissions components affected facility and storage vessel affected facility located at a new compressor station.
(iii) Within 120 days of the startup of production after modification for each modified fugitive emissions components affected facility and storage vessel affected facility at a well site or centralized production facility.
(iv) Within 120 days of modification for each modified fugitive emissions components affected facility and storage vessel affected facility at a compressor station.
(v) No later than the final date by which the next monitoring survey required by § 60.5397b(g)(1)(i) through (v) would have been required to be conducted if you were previously complying with the requirements in § 60.5397b and § 60.5416b(a)(1)(ii) and (iii), (2)(ii) through (iv), and (3)(iii) and (iv).
(4) You are subject to the following action-levels as specified in paragraphs (c)(4)(i) and (ii) of this section for any affected facilities located at a well site, centralized production facility, or compressor station.
(i) For affected facilities located at a wellhead only well site, the action levels are as follows:
(A) The 90-day rolling average action-level is 1.2 kg/hr (2.6 lb/hr) of methane over the site-specific baseline emissions.
(B) The 7-day rolling average action level is 15 kg/hr (34 lb/hr) of methane over site-specific baseline emissions.
(ii) For affected facilities located at well sites with major production and processing equipment (including small well sites), centralized production facilities, and compressor stations, the action levels are as follows:
(A) The 90-day rolling average action-level is 1.6 kg/hr (3.6 lb/hr) of methane over the site-specific baseline emissions.
(B) The 7-day rolling average action level is 21 kg/hr (46 lb/hr) of methane over the site-specific baseline emissions.
(5) You must establish site-specific baseline emissions upon initial installation and activation of a continuous monitoring system. You must establish the baseline emissions under the conditions outlined in paragraphs (c)(5)(i) through (iii) of this section. You must determine the baseline emission rates according to paragraphs (c)(5)(iv) and (v) of this section. The baseline must be established initially and any time there is a major change to the processing equipment at a well site (including small well sites), centralized production facility, or compressor station.
(i) Inspect all fugitive emissions components according to the requirements in § 60.5397b and covers and closed vent systems according to the requirements in § 60.5416b. This includes all fugitive emissions components, covers, and closed vent systems, regardless of whether they are regulated by this subpart. Repairs of any fugitive emissions, leaks, or defects found during the inspection must be completed prior to beginning the period in paragraph (c)(5)(iii) of this section.
(ii) Verify control devices (e.g., flares) on all affected sources are operating in compliance with the applicable requirements of § 60.5415b and § 60.5417b. You must ensure that all control devices are operating in compliance with the applicable regulations prior to beginning the period in paragraph (b)(5)(iii) of this section. Verify that all other methane emission sources (e.g., reciprocating engines) located at the site are operating consistent with any applicable regulations. You must ensure that these sources are operating in compliance with the applicable regulations prior to beginning the period in paragraph (b)(5)(iii) of this section.
(iii) Using the alternative test method approved under paragraph (d) of this section, record the site-level emission rate from your continuous monitoring system for 30 operating days. You must minimize any activities that are not normal, day-to-day activities during this 30 operating day period. Document any maintenance activities and the period (including the start date and time and end date and time) such activities occurred during the 30 operating day period.
(iv) Determine the site-specific baseline by calculating the mean emission rate (kg/hr of methane) for the 30 operating day period, less any time periods when maintenance activities were conducted.
(v) The site-specific baseline emission rate must be no more than 10 times the applicable 90-day action-level defined in paragraphs (c)(4)(i) and (ii) of this section.
(6) Calculate the emission rate from your site according to paragraphs (c)(6)(i) through (iii) of this section. Compare the emission rate calculated in this paragraph (c)(6) to the appropriate action levels in paragraph (c)(4) of this section to determine whether you have exceeded an action level.
(i) Each calendar day, calculate the daily average mass emission rate in kg/hr of methane from your continuous monitoring system.
(ii) Once the system has been operating for 7 calendar days, at the end of each calendar day calculate the 7-day average mass emission rate by averaging the mass emission rate from that day with the mass emission rate from the previous 6 calendar days. Subtract the site-specific baseline mass emission rate from the 7-day average mass emission rate when comparing the mass emission rate to the applicable action level. Determine the 7-day rolling average by recalculating the 7-day average each calendar day, less the site-specific baseline.
(iii) Once the system has been operating for 90 calendar days, at the end of each calendar day calculate the 90-day average mass emission rate by averaging the mass emission rate from that day with the mass emission rate from the previous 89 calendar days. Subtract the site-specific baseline emission rate from the 90-day average mass emission rate when comparing the mass emission rate to the applicable action level. Determine the 90-day rolling average by recalculating the 90-day average each calendar day, less the site-specific baseline.
(7) Within 5 days of determining that either of your action levels in paragraph (c)(4) of this section has been exceeded, you must initiate an investigative analysis to determine the underlying primary and contributing cause(s) of such exceedance and actions to be taken to reduce the mass emission rate below the applicable action level.
(i) You must complete the investigative analysis and take initial steps to bring the mass emission rate below the action level no later than 5 days after determining there is an exceedance of the action level in paragraph (c)(4)(i)(B) or (c)(4)(ii)(B) of this section.
(ii) You must complete the investigative analysis and take initial steps to bring the mass emission rate below the action level no later than 30 days after determining there is an exceedance of the action level in paragraph (c)(4)(i)(A) or (c)(4)(ii)(A) of this section.
(8) You must develop a mass emission rate reduction plan if you meet any of the criteria in paragraphs (c)(8)(i) through (iii) of this section. The plan must describe the action(s) completed to date to reduce the mass emission rate below the action level, additional measures that you propose to employ to reduce methane emissions below the action level, and a schedule for completion of these measures. You must submit the plan to the Administrator within 60 days of initially determining there is an exceedance of an action level in paragraph (c)(4) of this section.
(i) If, upon completion of the initial actions required under paragraph (c)(7) of this section, the average mass emission rate for the following 30-day period is not below the applicable action level in paragraph (c)(4)(i)(A) or (c)(4)(ii)(A) of this section. The beginning of the 30-day period starts on the calendar day following completion of the initial actions in paragraph (c)(7) of this section.
(ii) If, upon completion of the initial actions required under paragraph (c)(6) of this section, the average mass emission rate for the following 24-hour period is not below the applicable action level in paragraph (c)(4)(i)(B) or (c)(4)(ii)(B) of this section. The average mass emission rate will be the mass emission rate calculated according to paragraph (c)(6)(i) of this section for the calendar day following completion of the initial corrective actions in paragraph (c)(7) of this section.
(iii) All actions needed to reduce the average mass emission rate below the action level require more than 30 days to implement.
(9) You must maintain the records as specified in § 60.5420b(c)(4) through (c)(7), (c)(14) and (c)(15), and § 60.5424b(e). You must submit the reports as specified in § 60.5420b(b)(1), and (b)(4) through (10) and § 60.5424b.
(d) Alternative Test Method for Methane Detection Technology. Any alternative test method for methane detection technology used to meet the requirements specified in paragraphs (b) or (c) of this section or § 60.5371b must be approved by the Administrator as specified in this paragraph (d). Approval of an alternative test method for methane detection technology will include consideration of the combination of the measurement technology and the standard protocol for its operation. Any entity meeting the requirements in paragraph (d)(2) of this section may submit a request for an alternative test method for methane detection technology. At a minimum, the request must follow the requirements outlined in paragraph (d)(3) of this section. Approved alternative test methods for methane detection technology that are broadly applicable will be posted on the EPA's Emission Measurement Center web page (https://www.epa.gov/emc/oil-and-gas-alternative-test-methods). Any owner or operator that meets the specific applicability for the alternative test method, as outlined in the alternative test method for methane detection technology, may use the alternative test method to comply with the requirements of paragraph (b) or (c) of this section, as applicable, in lieu of the requirements for fugitive emissions components affected facilities in § 60.5397b and covers and closed vent systems in § 60.5416b(a)(1)(ii) and (iii), (a)(2)(ii) through (iv), and (a)(3)(iii) and (iv). Certified third-party notifiers may use the alternative test method to identify super-emitter events in § 60.5371b(b)(1)(ii).
(1) A request for an alternative test method for methane detection technology, along with the required supporting information, must be submitted to the EPA through the alternative methane detection technology portal at https://www.epa.gov/emc/oil-and-gas-alternative-test-methods. The EPA may make all the information submitted through the portal available to the public without further notice to you. Do not use the portal to submit information you claim as confidential business information (CBI). If you wish to assert a CBI claim for some of the information in your submittal, submit the portion of the information claimed as CBI to the OAQPS CBI office. Clearly mark the information that you claim to be CBI. Information not marked as CBI may be authorized for public release without prior notice. Information marked as CBI will not be disclosed except in accordance with procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2. All CBI claims must be asserted at the time of submission. Anything submitted using the portal cannot later be claimed CBI. The preferred method to receive CBI is for it to be transmitted electronically using email attachments, File Transfer Protocol, or other online file sharing services. Electronic submissions must be transmitted directly to the OAQPS CBI Office at the email address oaqpscbi@epa.gov and should include clear CBI markings and be flagged to the attention of the Leader, Measurement Technology Group. If assistance is needed with submitting large electronic files that exceed the file size limit for email attachments, and if you do not have your own file sharing service, please email oaqpscbi@epa.gov to request a file transfer link. If you cannot transmit the file electronically, you may send CBI information through the postal service to the following address: U.S. EPA, Attn: OAQPS Document Control Officer and Measurement Technology Group Leader, Mail Drop: C404-02, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12055, RTP, North Carolina 27711. The mailed CBI material should be double wrapped and clearly marked. Any CBI markings should not show through the outer envelope.
(i) The Administrator will complete an initial review for completeness within 90 days of receipt and notify the submitter of the results of the review.
(ii) If the entity submitting the request does not meet the requirements in paragraph (d)(2) of this section or the request does not contain the information in paragraph (d)(3) of this section, the submitter will be notified. The submitter may choose to revise the information and submit a new request for an alternative test method.
(iii) Within 270 days of receipt of an alternative test method request that was determined to be complete, the Administrator will determine whether the requested alternative test method is adequate for indicating compliance with the requirements for monitoring fugitive emissions components affected facilities in § 60.5397b and continuous inspection and monitoring of covers and closed vent systems in § 60.5416b and/or for identifying super-emitter events in § 60.5371b. The Administrator will issue either an approval or disapproval in writing to the submitter. Approvals may be considered site-specific or more broadly applicable. Broadly applicable alternative test methods and approval letters will be posted at https://www.epa.gov/emc/oil-and-gas-approved-alternative-test-methods-approvals. If the Administrator fails to provide the submitter a decision on approval or disapproval within 270 days, the alternative test method will be given conditional approval status and posted on this same web page. If the Administrator finds any deficiencies in the request and disapproves the request in writing, the owner or operator may choose to revise the information and submit a new request for an alternative test method.
(iv) If the Administrator finds reasonable grounds to dispute the results obtained by any alternative test method for the purposes of demonstrating compliance with a relevant standard, the Administrator may require you to demonstrate compliance according to § 60.5397b for fugitive emissions components affected facilities and § 60.5416b for covers and closed vent systems.
(2) Any entity may submit an alternative test method for consideration, so long as you meet the requirements in paragraphs (d)(2)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) An entity is limited to any individual or organization located in or that has representation in the United States.
(ii) If an entity is not considered an owner or operator of an affected facility regulated under this subpart or subpart OOOOa of this part or is not the owner or operator of a designated facility regulated under subpart OOOOc of this part, the provisions of paragraphs (d)(2)(ii)(A) and (B) of this section apply.
(A) The entity must directly represent the provider of the measurement system using advanced methane detection technology.
(B) The measurement system must have been applied to methane measurements or monitoring in the oil and gas sector either domestically or internationally.
(iii) The underlying technology or technologies must be readily available for use, meaning that the measurement system using these technologies has either been:
(A) Sold, leased, or licensed, or offered for sale, lease, or license to the general public or;
(B) Developed by an owner or operator for internal use and/or use by external partners.
(iv) The entity must be able to provide and submit to the Administrator the information required in paragraph (d)(3) of this section.
(3) The request must contain the information specified in paragraphs (d)(3)(i) through (vii) of this section.
(i) The submitter's name, mailing address, phone number and email address.
(ii) The desired applicability of the technology (i.e., site-specific, basin-specific, or broadly applicable across the sector, super-emitter detection).
(iii) Description of the measurement technology, including the physical components, the scientific theory, and the known limitations. At a minimum, this description must contain the information in paragraphs (d)(3)(iii)(A) through (D) of this section.
(A) Description of scientific theory and appropriate references outlining the underlying g technology (e.g., reference material, literature review).
(B) Description of the physical instrumentation.
(C) Type of measurement and application (e.g., remote or in-situ measurements, mobile, airborne).
(D) Known limitation of the technology, including application limitations and weather limitations.
(iv) Description of how the measurement technology is converted to a methane mass emission rate (i.e., kg/hr of methane) or equivalent. At a minimum this description must contain the information in paragraphs (d)(3)(iv)(A) through (F) of this section.
(A) Detailed workflow and description covering all steps and processes from measurement technology signal output to final, validated mass emission rate or equivalent. These workflows must cover the material in paragraph (d)(3)(v) of this section and put all technical components into context. The workflow must also cover the technology from data collection to generation of the final product and identify any raw data processing procedures; identification of whether processing steps are manual or automated, and when and what quality assurance checks are made to the data, including raw data, processed data, and output data.
(B) Description of how any meteorological data used are collected or sourced, including a description how the data are used.
(C) Description of any model(s) (e.g., AERMOD) used, including how inputs are determined or derived.
(D) All calculations used, including the defined variables for any of these calculations and a description of their purposes.
(E) Descriptions of a-priori methods and datasets used, including source and version numbers when applicable.
(F) Description of algorithms/machine learning procedures used in the data processing, if applicable.
(v) Description of how all data collected and generated by the measurement system are handled and stored. At a minimum this description must contain the information in paragraphs (d)(3)(v)(A) through (C) of this section.
(A) How the data, including metadata, are collected, maintained, and stored.
(B) A description of how raw data streams are processed and manipulated, including how the resultant data processing is documented and how version controlled is maintained.
(C) A description of what data streams are provided to the end-user of the data and how the data are delivered to the end-user.
(vi) Supporting information verifying that the technology meets the aggregate detection threshold(s) defined in paragraphs (b) and/or (c) of this section or in § 60.5371b, including supporting data to demonstrate the aggregate detection threshold of the measurement technology as applied in the field and if applicable, how probability of detection is determined. For the purpose of this subpart the average aggregate detection threshold is the average of all site-level detection thresholds from a single deployment (e.g., a singular flight that surveys multiple well sites, centralized production facility, and/or compressor stations) of a technology, unless this technology is to be applied to § 60.5371b. When the technology is applied to § 60.5371b, then the aggregate detection threshold is the average of all site-level detection thresholds from a single deployment in the same basin and field. At a minimum, you provide the information identified in paragraphs (d)(3)(vi)(A) through (D) of this section.
(A) Published reports (e.g., scientific papers) produced by either the submitting entity or an outside entity evaluating the submitted measurement technology that has been independently evaluated. The published reports must identify either a site-level or aggregate detection threshold and be accompanied with sufficient supporting data to evaluate whether the performance metrics of the alternative testing procedures in paragraph (d)(3)(vi)(C) of this section are adequate and the data was collected consistent with those alternative testing procedures. The supporting data may be included in the published report or may be submitted separately.
(B) Standard operating procedures including safety considerations, measurement limitations, personnel qualification/responsibilities, equipment and supplies, data and record management, and quality assurance/quality control (i.e., initial and ongoing calibration procedures, data quality indicators, and data quality objectives).
(C) Detailed description of the alternative testing procedure(s), preferably in the format described in Guideline Document 45 on the Emission Measurement Center's website (available at https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-08/documents/gd-045.pdf). The detailed description must address all key elements of the requested method(s) and must include objectives to ensure the detection threshold(s) required in paragraph (d)(3)(vi) of this section are maintained, including procedures for verifying the detection threshold and/or or probability of detection is maintained under field conditions.
(D) Any documents provided to end-users of the data generated by the measurement system, including but not limited to client products, manuals, and frequently asked questions documents.
(vii) If the technology will be used to monitor the collection of fugitive emissions components, covers, and closed vent systems at a well site, centralized production facility, or compressor station, you must submit supporting information verifying the spatial resolution of technology, as defined in paragraphs (d)(3)(vii)(A) through (C) of this section. This supporting information must be in the form of a published reports (e.g., scientific papers) produced by either the submitting entity or an outside entity evaluating the submitted measurement technology that has been independently evaluated. The report must include sufficient supporting data to evaluate whether the performance metrics of the alternative testing procedures in paragraph (d)(3)(vi)(C) of this section are adequate and the data was collected consistent with those alternative testing procedures.
(A) Facility-level spatial resolution means a technology with the ability to identify emissions within the boundary of a well site, centralized production facility, or compressor station.
(B) Area-level spatial resolution means a technology with the ability to identify emissions within a radius of 2 meters of the emission source.
(C) Component-level spatial resolution means a technology with the ability to identify emissions within a radius of 0.5 meter of the emission source.
Source: ecfr_bulkFetched: 7/26/2026
Source: eCFR APIURL: https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2024-07-01/title-40.xml?part=60Fetched: 5/31/2026