Planning and Zoning

Wyo. Stat. Ann. tit. 18, ch. 5
in effect

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-201 Authority vested in board of county commissioners; inapplicability of chapter to incorporated cities and towns; mineral resources; private schools.

(a) To promote the public health, safety, morals and general welfare of the county, each board of county commissioners may regulate and restrict the location and use of buildings and structures and the use, condition of use or occupancy of lands for residence, recreation, agriculture, industry, commerce, public use and other purposes in the unincorporated area of the county. However, nothing in W.S. 18-5-201 through 18-5-208 shall be construed to contravene any zoning authority of any incorporated city or town. No zoning resolution or plan shall prevent any use or occupancy reasonably necessary to the extraction or production of the mineral resources in or under any lands subject thereto. No board of county commissioners shall require that a land use or physical development be consistent with a local land use plan unless the applicable provisions of the local land use plan have been incorporated into the local zoning regulations. Nothing in W.S. 18-5-201 through 18-5-208 shall be construed to allow any board of county commissioners, through the establishment of minimum lot size requirements or otherwise, to prevent residential or agricultural uses authorized for land divisions that are exempt from subdivision requirements pursuant to W.S. 18-5-303(a)(i). No zoning resolution or plan shall regulate and restrict the location and use of buildings and structures and the use, condition of use or occupancy of lands for the use of a private school as defined in W.S. 21-4-101(a)(iii) in any manner different from a public school, provided that the private school: (i) Is certified by the professional engineer or architect of record for the private school as being substantially similar to school facility commission guidelines for education buildings and siting and is designed to be constructed with appropriate materials, means and methods; (ii) Has capacity for fifty (50) students or more; and (iii) Is owned and operated by a not for profit entity.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-202 Planning and zoning commission; composition; residency requirements, terms and removal of members; vacancies; rules; record; meetings to be public; secretary; preparation and amendments; purpose; certifications and hearing; amendments.

(a) Each board of county commissioners may by resolution create and establish a planning and zoning commission. The commission shall be composed of five (5) members appointed by the board at least three (3) of whom shall reside in the unincorporated area of the county, provided that this provision shall not affect the membership composition of any existing commission. The terms of the members appointed to the first planning and zoning commission shall be of such length and so arranged that the terms of one (1) member will expire each year, and thereafter each member shall be appointed for a term of three (3) years. Any member of the commission may be removed for cause other than politics or religion and after public hearing by the board of county commissioners. If a vacancy occurs in the commission the board of county commissioners shall fill the vacancy by appointment for the unexpired term. The planning and zoning commission shall organize within thirty (30) days after its establishment, shall adopt rules for the transaction of its business and keep a record of its actions and determinations. Three (3) members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. All meetings, records and accounts of the commission shall be public. The board of county commissioners shall designate the county clerk, another county employee or a member of the planning and zoning commission to serve as secretary to the commission. The secretary shall keep the record of commission actions in accordance with statute. (b) The planning and zoning commission may prepare and amend a comprehensive plan including zoning for promoting the public health, safety, morals and general welfare of the unincorporated areas of the county, and certify the plan to the board of county commissioners. Before certifying its plan or amendments thereto to the board the commission shall hold at least one (1) public hearing. Notice of the time and place of hearing shall be given by one (1) publication in a newspaper of general circulation in the county at least thirty (30) days before the date of the hearing. Any person may petition the planning and zoning commission to amend any zoning plan adopted under the provisions of W.S. 18-5-201 through 18-5-208. (c) The planning and zoning commission shall prepare recommendations to effectuate the planning and zoning purposes and certify its recommendations to the board of county commissioners. Before adopting the recommendations the board shall hold at least one (1) public hearing. Notice of the time and place of hearing shall be given by one (1) publication in a newspaper of general circulation in the county at least fourteen (14) days before the date of the hearing. After public hearing has been held, the board shall vote upon the adoption of the planning or zoning recommendation. No planning or zoning recommendation shall be adopted unless a majority of the board votes in favor thereof.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-203 Certificate required to locate buildings or use land within zoning resolution; issuance and denial; appeal upon denial.

It is unlawful to locate, erect, construct, reconstruct, enlarge, change, maintain or use any building or use any land within any area included in a zoning resolution without first obtaining a zoning certificate from the board of county commissioners or its designee and no zoning certificate shall be issued unless the plans for the proposed building, structure or use fully comply with the zoning regulations then in effect. The board of county commissioners or its designee shall act promptly upon any application filed with it and shall grant certificates when the proposed construction or use complies with the requirements of the zoning resolution. If it denies the application, the board or its designee shall specify the reasons for the denial. Any applicant desiring to appeal shall appeal to the board of county commissioners. The decision of the board of county commissioners may be reviewed by the district court and by the supreme court upon appeal in the same manner as provided in W.S. 15-1-609, for review of decisions of boards of adjustment.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-204 Violation of W.S. 18-5-202(c); continuing violation.

No person shall locate, erect, construct, reconstruct, enlarge, change, maintain or use any building or use any land in violation of a resolution or amendment adopted by any board of county commissioners under W.S. 18-5-202(c). Each day's continuation of such violation is a separate offense.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-205 Enforcement of zoning resolution by injunction, mandamus or abatement; appeal.

Any zoning resolution passed by the board pursuant to W.S. 18-5-202(b) and (c) is enforceable in addition to other remedies provided by law by injunction, mandamus or abatement.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-206 Penalty for violation of W.S. 18-5-201 through 18-5-204.

Whoever violates any provision of W.S. 18-5-201 through 18-5-204 shall be fined not more than seven hundred fifty dollars ($750.00) for each offense.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-207 Continuation of existing uses; effect of alteration or addition; future use after discontinuation of nonconforming use.

(a) A zoning resolution enacted under the provisions of W.S. 18-5-201 through 18-5-206 shall not prohibit the continuance of the use of any land, building or structure for the purpose for which the land, building or structure is used at the time the resolution is adopted and it is not necessary to secure any certificate permitting such continuance. However, the alteration or addition to any existing building or structure for the purpose of effecting any change in use may be regulated or prohibited by zoning resolution. If a nonconforming use is discontinued any future use of such land, building or structure shall be in conformity with the provisions of the resolution regulating uses in the area in which the land, building or structure is located. (b) A county shall not enact a zoning resolution or take any other action that eliminates livestock grazing on any private land or land owned by the county without first complying with the provisions of this article.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-208 Special expertise of board of county commissioners and coordination of planning efforts with federal agencies.

(a) When representing a county as a cooperating agency in matters related to the National Environmental Policy Act and in federal land planning, implementation and management actions, a board of county commissioners shall be deemed to have special expertise on all subject matters for which it has statutory responsibility, including but not limited to, all subject matters directly or indirectly related to the health, safety, welfare, custom, culture and socio-economic viability of a county. (b) The board of county commissioners of a county which has officially adopted a comprehensive plan pursuant to W.S. 18-5-202(b) may participate in efforts to coordinate the plan with federal agencies as provided in the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976, the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974, as amended by the National Forest Management Act of 1976 and any other federal statute which provides for coordination with local governments and federal regulations adopted pursuant to those acts.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-301 Authority vested in board of county commissioners.

The regulation and control of the subdivision of land in the unincorporated areas in each county is vested in the board of county commissioners of the county in which the land is located. Nothing in this article shall contravene or limit the authority of any county to regulate and control the subdivision of land pursuant to the provisions of W.S. 18-5-201 through 18-5-207.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-302 Definitions.

(a) As used in this article: (i) Repealed by Laws 2019, ch. 186, § 2. (ii) "Board" means the board of county commissioners of the county in which the land sought to be subdivided is located; (iii) "Encumbrance" means a mortgage or other lien of record, securing or evidencing indebtedness and affecting land to be subdivided including liens for labor and materials. Taxes and assessments levied by public authority are not an encumbrance under this article except such taxes and assessments as may be delinquent; (iv) "Person" means a natural person, firm, corporation, partnership, or association, or any combination of the above, or any other legal or commercial entity; (v) "Sell" or "sale" includes sale as evidenced by the delivery of a deed, contract for deed, lease, assignment, auction or award by lottery concerning a subdivision or any part of a subdivision. "Sell" or "sale" does not include a contract to sell which is expressly contingent upon the recording of the final plat by the county clerk, if all funds paid by the buyer under the contract are escrowed with a financial institution located in this state or a title company licensed to do business in this state until the final plat is recorded and the seller tenders the deed or the contract to sell is cancelled or the buyer and seller agree otherwise in writing; (vi) "Subdivider" means any person who lays out any subdivision or parts thereof either for the account of the subdivider or others; (vii) "Subdivision" means the creation or division of a lot, tract, parcel or other unit of land for the immediate or future purpose of sale, building development or redevelopment, for residential, recreational, industrial, commercial or public uses. The word "subdivide" or any derivative thereof shall have reference to the term subdivision, including mobile home courts, the creation of which constitutes a subdivision of land; (viii) "Sewage system" means all pipelines, conduits, pumping stations, force mains and other constructions used for collecting or conducting wastes to a treatment plant or disposal system; any plant or other works used for the purpose of treating, stabilizing or holding wastes; and any system used for disposing of wastes, either by surface or underground methods, including any treatment plant, disposal wells and absorption fields; (ix) "Water supply system" includes development of the source and all structures for conveyance of raw water to the treatment plant or delivery systems; all water treatment plants including disinfection facilities; water supply systems used for irrigation and stock water; and all finished water delivery systems including pipelines, pumping stations and finished water storage facilities; (x) "Parcel" means a contiguous piece of property lawfully created or conveyed of record as a single piece of property.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-303 Exemptions from provisions.

(a) Unless the method of sale or other disposition is adopted for the purpose of evading the provisions of this article, this article shall not apply to the following subdivisions of land however, the following subdivisions are subject to requirements which may be adopted by the board of county commissioners regarding documentation of the proper use and implementation of the following exemptions: (i) A division of land made outside of platted subdivisions for the purpose of a single gift or sale to a member of the landowner's immediate family, subject to the following requirements: (A) A member of the immediate family is limited to any person who is a natural or adopted child, stepchild, spouse, sibling, grandchild, grandparent or parent of the landowner; (B) The purpose of the division is to provide for the housing, business or agricultural needs of the grantee; (C) The land shall have been titled in the name of the grantor, or in the name of a trust controlled by the grantor, for a combined period prior to the division of not less than five (5) years for land titled before February 27, 2019, or ten (10) years for land titled on or after February 27, 2019. Parcels created under this paragraph shall be titled in the name of the immediate family member for whom the division is made for a period of not less than five (5) years, or for not less than one (1) year if the parcel was created before February 27, 2019, unless the parcels are subject to involuntary transfer including, but not limited to, foreclosure, death, judicial sale, condemnation or bankruptcy; (D) No parcel smaller than five (5) acres created under this paragraph shall be further divided unless the owner obtains a subdivision permit pursuant to W.S. 18-5-304; (E) Where the landowner is a business entity and eighty percent (80%) of the ownership interest or shares in the business entity are held by, or in the name of a trust controlled by, individuals related by blood or marriage, the sale or gift may be made subject to the provisions of this section to an immediate family member of any shareholder who has owned at least five percent (5%) of the outstanding shares for at least five (5) years continuously before the date of the sale or gift. (ii) A division which may be created by any court of this state pursuant to the law of eminent domain, by operation of law or by order of any court in this state, except that this paragraph shall not exempt a partition of real property pursuant to W.S. 1-32-101 through 1-32-122 from compliance with this article if the division would otherwise be subject to the provisions of this article; (iii) A division which is created by a lien, mortgage, deed of trust or any other security instrument, easements and rights-of-way; (iv) Lands located within incorporated cities or towns; (v) A division which is created by the sale or other disposition of land to the state of Wyoming or any political subdivision thereof; (vi) A division which affects railroad rights-of-way; (vii) A division which is a sale or other disposition of land for agricultural purposes or affects the alignment of property lines for agricultural purposes; (viii) A division which is created by boundary line adjustments where the parcel subject of the sale or other disposition is adjacent to and merged with other land owned by the grantee; (ix) A division which creates cemetery lots; (x) A division which is created by the acquisition of an interest in land in the name of the husband and wife or other persons in joint tenancy or as tenants in common, and the interest shall be deemed for purposes of this subsection as only one (1) interest; (xi) A division of land creating a parcel five (5) acres or less for the purpose of establishing unmanned communication facilities, compressor stations, metering stations, fiber optic booster stations or similar unmanned facilities; (xii) A division which creates a cluster development pursuant to and in accordance with article 4 of this chapter; (xiii) The sale or disposition of separate parcels of land that were separate when lawfully created or conveyed and which have not been combined by a recorded instrument of conveyance signed by all of the owners. (b) Except as provided in W.S. 18-5-316, this article shall not apply to the sale or other disposition of land where the parcels involved are thirty-five (35) acres or larger, subject to the requirement that ingress and egress and utility easements shall be provided to each parcel by binding and recordable easements of not less than forty (40) feet in width to a public road unless specifically waived by the grantee or transferee in a binding and recordable document.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-304 Subdivision permit required.

No person shall sell land subject to subdivision regulation under this article, record a plat or commence construction of a subdivision without first obtaining a subdivision permit pursuant to W.S. 18-5-306 or, if applicable, W.S. 18-5-316 from the board of the county in which the land is located.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-305 Enforcement; rules and regulations.

Each board shall enforce this article and in accordance with the Wyoming Administrative Procedure Act shall adopt such rules and regulations as necessary to implement the provisions of and to insure compliance with the intent and purposes of this article.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-306 Minimum requirements for subdivision permits.

(a) The board shall require, and with respect to paragraph (xii) of this subsection may require, the following information to be submitted with each application for a subdivision permit, provided the board may by rule exempt from any of the following requirements of this subsection or subsection (c) of this section, including paragraph (xii) of this subsection, the subdivision of one (1) or more units of land into not more than a total of five (5) units of land: (i) Evidence satisfactory to the board that the proposed subdivision complies with any applicable zoning or land use regulations; (ii) A survey plat submitted by the subdivider containing the following: (A) Date of preparation, scale and north arrow; (B) The location of the subdivision including the section, township and range; (C) The location and dimension of existing and proposed streets, alleys, roads, highways, public ways, utility rights-of-way, easements, parks and the location of proposed permanent buildings and structures if known. (iii) Evidence satisfactory to the board that: (A) The subdivider or his agent who offers any part of the subdivision for sale or who solicits any offers for the purchase thereof, may convey merchantable title subject only to noted reservations or restrictions of record and subject only to a proportionate share of real property taxes or assessments charged or assessed for the year in which any such sale may be legally effected; or (B) Binding arrangements have been made by the person or his agent who offers any part of the subdivision for sale, to assure purchasers of any part of the subdivision that upon full payment of the purchase price a deed can and will be delivered conveying merchantable title subject only to noted reservations or restrictions of record and subject only to a proportionate share of such taxes and assessments thereon as may be levied or assessed for the year in which the sale may be legally effected. (iv) A study evaluating the sewage system proposed for the subdivision and the adequacy and safety of the system. The study shall, at a minimum, include the following: (A) Identification of the type of sewage system to serve the subdivision and identification of the entity or entities responsible for the design, construction, operation and maintenance of the proposed facility; (B) For all types of sewage systems except individual on-lot sewage systems, a report submitted by the subdivider as to the adequacy and safety of the proposed sewage system. The report shall address, at a minimum, the following issues: (I) An assessment of the adequacy of the proposed sewage system in relation to the proposed population density of the subdivision and any other existing or proposed land and water uses in the vicinity of the subdivision that may affect the adequacy of the system; (II) An estimate of the total number of gallons per day of sewage generated by the proposed subdivision where a central sewage system is proposed; (III) A demonstration that technical requirements and design standards of the department of environmental quality applicable to central sewage systems can and will be met; (IV) Where utilization of or connection to an existing private or public sewage system is proposed, documentation that application to such entity has been made and that the entity can and will provide service; (V) A detailed demonstration that the proposed sewage system for the subdivision is compatible with the proposed water supply system for the subdivision. The study shall demonstrate that the operation of the sewage system will not affect the suitability or safety of the proposed water supply system and a determination of the potential impacts of downgradient use of groundwater; (VI) Demonstration that the proposed sewage system will meet all county, state and federal standards. The demonstration shall address the relationship of the development to any local or state approved water quality management plans established pursuant to section 201 of the federal Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. section 1281 and demonstrate no conflict exists with any state approved local wellhead protection plan or local source water protection plan established pursuant to the federal Safe Drinking Water Act. (C) Where individual on-lot sewage systems are proposed by the subdivider, a report submitted by the subdivider shall document the safety and adequacy of the proposed on-lot sewage systems including the following: (I) Adequacy of separation distances; (II) Separation of drainfield relative to groundwater and impervious soils; (III) Suitability of the subdivision soil conditions; (IV) Suitable topography; (V) Proposed population density; (VI) Protection of groundwater uses; and (VII) Watersheds located on or draining into, under or over the proposed subdivision. (D) Where individual on-lot sewage systems are proposed, the words "NO PROPOSED CENTRALIZED SEWAGE SYSTEM," in bold capital letters shall appear on all offers, solicitations, advertisements, contracts, agreements and plats relating to the subdivision. (v) If the subdivider proposes to utilize adjoining property for sewers, drainage, sewer lines, power lines or other utilities, the subdivider shall provide: (A) Copies of binding easements of not less than twenty (20) feet in width for the proposed facilities from each property owner over whose land such services shall extend, except that the board may accept copies of binding easements of a width less than twenty (20) feet if the subdivider demonstrates to the board's satisfaction that the easement is adequate to protect the safety and health of the public and provides adequate access for the maintenance of the facilities; (B) A minimum access roadway right-of-way of sixty (60) feet to the subdivision for all public ways. (vi) A study evaluating the water supply system proposed for the subdivision and the adequacy and safety of the system. The study results shall, at a minimum, include the following: (A) Identification of the type of water supply system proposed to serve the subdivision and identification of the entity or entities responsible for the design, construction, operation and maintenance of the proposed facility; (B) For all water supply systems except individual on-lot wells, a report submitted by the subdivider demonstrating the adequacy and safety of the proposed water supply system. The report shall address, at a minimum, the following issues: (I) The estimated total number of gallons per day for the subdivision water supply system; (II) Documentation that the proposed water supply system will be compatible with and not adversely affected by the sewage system proposed for the subdivision or any other sources of pollution within a reasonable distance; (III) List of all surface and groundwater rights which will be used or which will likely be affected, including state engineer application and permit numbers and description of expected effects identified by the study; (IV) Plans for the mitigation of water right conflicts which will likely result from the use of water within the proposed subdivision, as identified by the study, unless such conflicts are deemed not to exist to the satisfaction of the board; (V) When connecting to an existing water supply system, the report shall also contain: (1) Documentation that public or private water suppliers can and will supply water to the proposed subdivision, stating the amount of water available for use within the subdivision and the feasibility of extending service to that area; (2) Documentation concerning the potability of the proposed water supply for the subdivision. (VI) Where a centralized water supply system is proposed containing a new source of water supply to be developed, the report shall also demonstrate that the water supply system is sufficient in terms of quality, quantity and dependability and will be available to ensure an adequate water supply system for the type of subdivision proposed. The report shall include a narrative summary of: (1) Where the water supply system source is derived from groundwater, the geologic setting of the water supply system source and the area of influence such as nearby communities, sources of pollution, surface water bodies and aquifers described by a Wyoming registered professional geologist; (2) The quantity, quality and source of the water to be used including proposed and existing surface and groundwater facilities and their locations. Where the proposed water supply system for the subdivision is from a groundwater source, a written report submitted by the subdivider demonstrating that the proposed source is sufficient in terms of quality, quantity and dependability for the type of subdivision proposed; (3) The proposed disposal of water not consumed, including water obtained under permits, storm drainage, dewatering, sewage and other wastewater sources; (4) A delineation of primary sources of water, secondary sources and occasional or seasonal sources; (5) Graphic location of all water supply sources including wells, raw water intakes, treatment facilities, treated water storage facilities and ponds; (6) Documentation of all data sources on the occurrence and availability of surface and groundwater; (7) Historic stream flows and well levels; (8) Senior water rights; (9) Flood damage and flood protection; (10) Impact of and protection from supply shortages. (C) Where individual on-lot wells are proposed as the water supply system, a report submitted by the subdivider demonstrating the safety and adequacy of the water supply system shall address, at a minimum, the following: (I) The estimated total number of gallons per day for the subdivision; (II) Information relative to the potential availability and quality of groundwater proposed within the subdivision which may consist of new data, existing data on other working wells in the area, or other data, including drilling logs, from a test well drilled within the proposed subdivision indicating soil types, depth, quantity and quality of water produced in the test well; (III) Documentation that the proposed water supply system will be compatible with and not adversely affected by the sewage system proposed for the subdivision or any other sources of pollution within a reasonable distance; (IV) List of all surface and groundwater rights which will be used or which will likely be affected, including state engineer application and permit numbers, and description of expected effects identified by the study; and (V) Plans for the mitigation of water right conflicts which will likely result from the use of water within the proposed subdivision, as identified by the study, unless such conflicts are deemed not to exist to the satisfaction of the board. (D) Where individual on-lot wells are proposed, the words "NO PROPOSED CENTRAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM," in bold capital letters shall appear on all offers, solicitations, advertisements, contracts, agreements and plats relating to the subdivision. (vii) Documentation satisfactory to the board that adequate access has been provided and that all proposed streets, alleys and roadways within the subdivision conform to the minimum standards adopted by the board and applied uniformly throughout the county which shall not in itself constitute consent of the board to locate, repair or maintain roadways and facilities. If, however, the subdivider proposes to make any streets, alleys or roadways private, then the subdivider shall submit to the board properly acknowledged written certification that certain streets, alleys or roadways within the subdivision shall remain private and the board shall be under no obligation to repair, maintain or accept any dedication of such roads to the public use. If no such public maintenance is contemplated, the subdivider shall put a legend on the plat of the subdivision, on all advertisements and solicitations for the subdivision and on all offers, contracts or agreements for the sale and purchase of lots within the subdivision showing the streets, alleys and roadways showing in capital letters "NO PUBLIC MAINTENANCE OF STREETS OR ROADS"; (viii) Documentation satisfactory to the board that the subdivider has adequate financial resources to develop and complete any facility proposed or represented to be the responsibility of the subdivider, including but not limited to water supply systems, sewage systems, streets and roadways. The applicant shall provide a performance bond, acceptable letter of credit or other sufficient financial commitment to assure that any facilities proposed or represented to be part of the subdivision will in fact be completed as proposed, or escrow sufficient monies out of land sales to guarantee that the above facilities are installed. The amount of any bond or other financial commitment or escrow required under this paragraph shall reflect the estimated costs of providing the facilities; (ix) Proof that the applicant has published notice of his intent to apply for a permit once each week for two (2) weeks within thirty (30) days prior to filing his application. The notice shall include the name of the subdivider and the general location of the land to be subdivided; (x) Any other information consistent with this article and the board's published rules and regulations which the board deems pertinent or relevant to the evaluation of the application; (xi) With respect to any water rights appurtenant to lands to be subdivided in accordance with this chapter and prior to final approval of the subdivision permit, the subdivider shall provide the following: (A) The intended disposition of the water rights, by: (I) Written documentation from the state engineer or the state board of control that the subdivider submitted to the state engineer or the state board of control all documents necessary to voluntarily abandon the water rights, cancel any unadjudicated permits or eliminate applicable lands from any unadjudicated permits. The subdivider shall notify any purchasers of this action; (II) Written documentation from the state board of control that the subdivider has submitted to the state board of control all documents necessary to change the use or place of use to provide for beneficial use of the water rights outside the subdivision; (III) A plan, accompanied by written documentation from the state engineer approving the plan, for the distribution of the water rights appurtenant to the land to be subdivided. The plan shall specify the distribution of the water to the lots within the subdivision and shall include written documentation from the state board of control that the subdivider submitted to the state board of control all documents necessary to change the use, place of use or point of diversion or means of conveyance in accordance with W.S. 41-3-103, 41-3-104 or 41-3-114; or (IV) Written documentation from the state board of control that it has accepted an authorization to detach water rights appurtenant to the lands to be subdivided in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the state board of control. (B) If the subdivision is located within lands served by or crossed by a ditch, irrigation works or other water conveyance system, evidence that the subdivider submitted the plan to the public entity, company, association or appropriators responsible for the ditch, irrigation works or other water conveyance system for review and recommendation at least sixty (60) days prior to the submittal of the application for the subdivision permit to the board. Upon receipt of the plan, the public entity, company, association or appropriators shall notify the subdivider if and how the subdivision will create a significant additional burden or risk of liability; (C) Evidence that the subdivider will specifically state on all offers and solicitations relative to the subdivision the subdivider's intent to comply with this paragraph and that the subdivider does not warrant to a purchaser that the purchaser shall have any rights to the natural flow of any stream within or adjacent to the proposed subdivision. The subdivider shall further state that Wyoming law does not recognize any riparian rights to the continued natural flow of a stream or river for persons living on the banks of the stream or river; (D) If the subdivision is located within the boundaries of an irrigation district that is subject to the provisions of title 41, chapter 7 of the Wyoming statutes, the application shall include recommendations from the irrigation district regarding any changes to the attached water rights and the irrigation district's easements. If there is a conflict with the irrigation district's recommendations, the subdivider shall certify that it met with and made a good faith effort to resolve any conflicts with the irrigation district; and (E) If the subdivision will create a significant additional burden or risk of liability to the public entity, company, association or appropriators responsible for the ditch, irrigation works or other water conveyance system, the subdivider shall provide an adequate and responsible plan to reduce or eliminate the additional burden or risk of liability and evidence that the subdivider submitted the plan to the public entity, company, association or appropriators for review and recommendation regarding the adequacy of the plan. (xii) Evidence that all parcels of land created by the subdivision will be subject to written and recorded covenants or other instruments creating an entity, binding on subsequent owners of the land within the subdivision. The entities that may be used include, but are not limited to, special improvement districts, homeowners associations and mutual benefit corporations. The board shall not mandate the creation of an entity with the ability to interfere with any owner's ability to use his private property, except to collect any assessment. The entity shall have the ability to address the following topics: (A) Maintenance and responsibility for common areas, roads and water supply systems and assessments against all parcels of land in the subdivision to defray the costs thereof; (B) Continued management of the entity. (xiii) If required under W.S. 18-5-319, plans for the construction of perimeter fences, including the type of perimeter fence to be constructed, the materials to be used and the subdivider's plan for paying the costs of the perimeter fence and the construction of the perimeter fence. (b) The board shall require the applicant to obtain review and recommendations from the local conservation district regarding soil suitability, erosion control, sedimentation and flooding problems. The review and recommendations shall be completed within sixty (60) days. (c) Upon receipt of a subdivision permit application filed with a county and prior to subdivision permit approval, the county or subdivider shall send three (3) copies of the portions of the application prepared under this section to the department of environmental quality for review of the safety and adequacy of the proposed sewage system and proposed water supply system. The review shall be conducted in accordance with the following guidelines: (i) The department may request assistance from the state engineer, the Wyoming water development office and any other state agency or local governmental entity in preparing its review. Any agency or entity requested to assist in the review shall fully cooperate to the extent possible with the department and shall furnish the information or recommendations requested within the time period specified by the department; (ii) To the extent requested by a county government, the administrator of the water quality division, with the approval of the director of the department of environmental quality, shall delegate authority to the county to review any reports or studies required by this section directed at determining the safety and adequacy of the proposed sewage or water supply system contained as part of a subdivision application. Any authority delegated under this section shall be subject to the following conditions: (A) The county entity shall demonstrate to the administrator of the water quality division that all sewage or water supply systems will be reviewed by a qualified professional with expertise in surface and groundwater protection from pollution and safe and adequate water supply systems; (B) The local government shall demonstrate that the review of water supply and sewage systems will be in a manner as stringent as the department of environmental quality would require under this section; (C) The review of subdivisions with a proposed sewage system consisting of wastes requiring an underground injection control permit under department of environmental quality regulations or sewage systems with a proposed surface water discharge shall not be delegated to the county; and (D) The administrator shall periodically review the administrative programs of each county governmental entity receiving a delegation of authority under this section and may, with the consent of the director, revoke or temporarily suspend the delegation agreement entered into with any entity which has failed to perform its delegated duties or has otherwise violated the terms of its agreement of delegation. (iii) The department shall file its written comments and recommendations on the application with the commission or board within thirty (30) days after receipt of the application. The department may extend its review period for an additional thirty (30) days if an extension is necessary to complete the review. (d) If the permit is approved the board shall require the applicant to put a legend on the plat and on all offers, contracts or agreements for the sale and purchase of lots within the subdivision showing in capital letters "THE SURFACE ESTATE OF THE LAND TO BE SUBDIVIDED IS SUBJECT TO FULL AND EFFECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MINERAL ESTATE".

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-307 Planning commission may receive applications and make recommendations.

The board may allow the county planning and zoning commission authorized under the provisions of W.S. 18-5-201 through 18-5-206 as the proper agency to receive and evaluate applications for subdivision permits. If so authorized the planning commission shall receive the materials required by this article and shall submit a copy of the application to the department of environmental quality for review as provided by W.S. 18-5-306(c) and, if applicable, to the fire protection district, fire protection authority or the nearest fire protection district as provided by W.S. 18-5-316(d). The commission shall make findings and recommendations to the board concerning an application within forty-five (45) days from the date the department of environmental quality submits its recommendation to the commission or from the date when the recommendation is due if no recommendation is made, whichever is earlier. If no action is taken by the planning commission within that time the plat is deemed to be approved by the planning commission.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-308 Approval by the board.

(a) The board shall approve or disapprove the subdivision application and issue a subdivision permit or ruling: (i) Within forty-five (45) days after receiving a report from the planning commission; or (ii) If no planning and zoning commission has been appointed, within sixty (60) days after the department of environmental quality submits its recommendation to the board or from the date when the recommendation is due if no recommendation is made, whichever is earlier. (b) If any part of the subdivision lies within one (1) mile of the boundaries of an incorporated city or town the approval of the governing body of the city or town must also be obtained in accordance with W.S. 34-12-103. (c) If a subdivision application is approved by the board notwithstanding an adverse recommendation by the department of environmental quality, the subdivider shall furnish to all potential purchasers a copy of the department's recommendation prior to sale. The subdivider need not furnish the potential buyer with a copy of the department's recommendation if the board in approving the subdivision enters a written finding that the subdivider has corrected the inadequacy set forth in the department's recommendation. Any person violating this subsection is subject to the penalty provided by W.S. 18-5-314.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-309 Permit fee.

Each application for a subdivision permit shall be accompanied by a reasonable fee not to exceed the cost of processing the application as determined by the board. All fees collected shall be credited to the county general fund.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-311 Investigatory powers.

(a) If the board has reason to believe that a person has engaged in activity which violates any provision of this article it shall make an investigation and may administer oaths or affirmations and upon its own motion or upon request of any party may subpoena witnesses, compel their attendance, adduce evidence and require the production of any matter which is relevant to the investigation, including the existence, description, nature, custody, condition and location of any books, documents or other tangible things and the identity and location of persons having knowledge of relevant facts or any other matter reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence. (b) If any person subject to the provisions of this article has records required in W.S. 18-5-311(a) located outside this state, the person shall either make them available directly to the board or pay the reasonable and necessary expenses for the board or its representative to examine them at the place where they are maintained. The board may designate representatives, including comparable officials of the state in which the records are located, to inspect them on the board's behalf. (c) Upon failure without lawful excuse to obey a subpoena or to give testimony and upon reasonable notice to all persons affected thereby, the board may apply to any district court for an order compelling compliance.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-312 Enforcement.

The provisions of this article are enforceable by all appropriate legal remedies including but not limited to injunctive relief or a writ of mandamus. Upon failure or refusal of any county attorney to act upon a violation of the provisions of this article, the attorney general at the request of the board shall initiate civil or criminal proceedings to enforce the provisions of this article.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-313 False statement or misrepresentation; penalty.

Any person who knowingly authorizes, directs or aids in the publication, advertisement, distribution or circulation of any false statement or misrepresentation concerning any subdivision for sale in this or any other state, and every person with knowledge that any such advertisement, prospectus, pamphlet or letter concerning land or any subdivision thereof contains any written statement that is false or fraudulent in any material part or who issues, circulates, publishes or distributes the same or causes the same to be circulated, published or distributed shall upon conviction be imprisoned for a period not to exceed thirty (30) days or be fined not to exceed five hundred dollars ($500.00). Each day of violation constitutes a new offense.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-314 Penalties.

Any person who willfully violates any provision of this article or any rule or order issued under this article shall upon conviction be fined not more than five hundred dollars ($500.00) or imprisoned in a county jail for not more than thirty (30) days or both. Each day of violation constitutes a new offense.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-315 Provisions minimum.

If any board has or enacts resolutions or regulations which impose requirements on subdividers or subdivisions which are more restrictive than the provisions of this article, the authority to enact such local resolutions or regulations being hereby granted, the local provisions are not superseded by the provisions of this article. Nothing in this section shall be deemed to allow any board to impose requirements that contravene the exemptions from this article as provided in W.S. 18-5-303.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-316 Requirements for large acreage subdivision permits.

(a) Except as otherwise provided, a county may, by resolution, elect to apply the provisions of this article on a uniform basis to the sale or disposition of any land where the subdivision creates parcels that are thirty-five (35) acres or larger and up to one hundred forty (140) acres. Except as provided in this subsection, each lawfully recorded parcel of land on July 1, 2008 shall be exempted from all provisions of this section other than compliance with paragraphs (i) through (iii) of this subsection and W.S. 18-5-317 and shall be allowed to be divided into not more than ten (10) parcels of one hundred forty (140) acres or less in size, provided that each new or remaining parcel is no less than thirty-five (35) acres. Parcels created pursuant to this exemption may be created at any time and may be created over a period of years through separate transactions. In no case, however, shall this exemption be used to create more than ten (10) parcels of land from each original parcel and each parcel created after July 1, 2008 shall be subject to this section and W.S. 18-5-317 as otherwise provided in this section. Boundary adjustments between or among parcels shall not be considered as a division of property subject to the limitations in this section. If a county elects to apply this article to sales or dispositions where the subdivision creates parcels that are thirty-five (35) acres or larger and up to one hundred forty (140) acres, unless the property is exempted under this subsection, the subdivider shall obtain a subdivision permit pursuant to this section. The provisions of W.S. 18-5-306 and 18-5-315 shall not be applicable to a subdivision of land under this section but nothing in this sentence shall prohibit application of lawfully adopted zoning provisions. Before granting the exemption provided in this subsection the board may require the person seeking the exemption to submit any or all of the following: (i) A legal description or recordable survey containing the following: (A) Date of preparation, scale and north arrow; (B) The location of the subdivision units including the section, township and range; (C) The location and dimension of access and utilities easements, which shall conform to the requirements of W.S. 18-5-303(b). (ii) Evidence of compliance with paragraph (b)(ix) of this section; (iii)(A) If a centralized water supply system is proposed for the subdivision, a study evaluating the water supply system proposed and the adequacy and safety of the system. The study shall include information relative to the potential availability and quality of groundwater proposed within the subdivision which may consist of new data, existing data on other working wells in the area, or other data, including drilling logs, from a test well drilled within the subdivision indicating soil types, depth, quantity and quality of water produced in the test well; (B) Where individual on-lot wells are proposed: (I) The study under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph shall not be required and the words "NO PROPOSED CENTRAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM," in bold capital letters shall appear on all offers, contracts, agreements and plats relating to the subdivision; and (II) The board may require a study relative to the potential availability and quality of groundwater proposed within the subdivision which may consist of new data, existing data on other working wells in the area, or other data, including drilling logs from a test well drilled within the proposed subdivision indicating soil types, depth, quantity and quality of water produced in the test well. (b) The board may require, and with respect to paragraph (ix) of this subsection shall require, the following information to be submitted with an application for a subdivision permit pursuant to this section: (i) Evidence that the proposed subdivision complies with any applicable zoning regulations; (ii) A survey plat submitted by the subdivider containing the following: (A) Date of preparation, scale and north arrow; (B) The location of the subdivision including the section, township and range; (C) The location and dimension of existing and proposed lots, units, tracts, parcels, streets, alleys, roads, highways, public ways, utility rights-of-way, easements, parks and the location of proposed permanent buildings and structures if known. (iii) Evidence that: (A) The subdivider or his duly authorized agent who offers any part of the subdivision for sale or who solicits any offers for the purchase thereof, may convey merchantable title subject only to noted reservations or restrictions of record and subject only to a proportionate share of real property taxes or assessments charged or assessed for the year in which any such sale may be legally effected; or (B) Binding arrangements have been made by the person or his duly authorized agent who offers any part of the subdivision for sale, to assure purchasers of any part of the subdivision that upon full payment of the purchase price a deed can and will be delivered conveying merchantable title subject only to noted reservations or restrictions of record and subject only to a proportionate share of such taxes and assessments thereon as may be levied or assessed for the year in which the sale may be legally effected. (iv) A study evaluating the sewage system proposed for the subdivision and the adequacy and safety of the system. Where individual on-lot sewage systems are proposed, the words "NO PROPOSED CENTRALIZED SEWAGE SYSTEM," in bold capital letters shall appear on all offers, contracts, agreements and plats relating to the subdivision; (v) If the subdivider proposes to utilize adjoining property for sewers, drainage, sewer lines, power lines or other utilities, the subdivider shall provide copies of binding easements of not less than twenty (20) feet in width for the proposed facilities from each property owner over whose land such services shall extend and shall provide a minimum access roadway right-of-way of sixty (60) feet to the subdivision for all public ways. Where no or limited on-lot utility connections are proposed, the words "NO PROPOSED UTILITY CONNECTIONS" or "LIMITED UTILITY CONNECTIONS," as appropriate, in bold capital letters shall appear on all offers, contracts, agreements and plats relating to the subdivision. A permit shall not be denied for failure to provide on-lot utility connections; (vi)(A) A study evaluating the water supply system proposed for the subdivision and the adequacy and safety of the system. The study shall include information relative to the potential availability and quality of groundwater proposed within the subdivision which may consist of new data, existing data on other working wells in the area, or other data, including drilling logs, from a test well drilled within the proposed subdivision indicating soil types, depth, quantity and quality of water produced in the test well; (B) Where individual on-lot wells are proposed: (I) The words "NO PROPOSED CENTRAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM," in bold capital letters shall appear on all offers, contracts, agreements and plats relating to the subdivision; and (II) The board may require a study relative to the potential availability and quality of groundwater proposed within the subdivision which may consist of new data, existing data on other working wells in the area, or other data, including drilling logs from a test well drilled within the proposed subdivision indicating soil types, depth, quantity and quality of water produced in the test well. (vii) Documentation that adequate ingress and egress access has been provided to all proposed lots, units, tracts and parcels and that all proposed lots, units, tracts, parcels, streets, alleys and roadways within the subdivision conform to the minimum standards adopted by the board and applied uniformly throughout the county which shall not in itself constitute consent of the board to locate, repair or maintain roadways and facilities. If, however, the subdivider proposes to make any streets, alleys or roadways private, then the subdivider shall submit to the board properly acknowledged written certification that certain streets, alleys or roadways within the subdivision shall remain private and the board shall be under no obligation to repair, maintain or accept any dedication of these roads to the public use. If no such public maintenance is contemplated on any of the roads, the subdivider shall put a legend on the plat of the subdivision and on all offers, contracts or agreements for the sale and purchase of lots within the subdivision showing the streets, alleys and roadways showing in capital letters "NO PUBLIC MAINTENANCE OF SPECIFIED STREETS OR ROADS"; (viii) Documentation that the subdivider has adequate financial resources to develop and complete any facility proposed or represented to be the responsibility of the subdivider, including but not limited to water supply systems, sewage systems, streets and roadways. The applicant shall provide a performance bond, acceptable letter of credit or other sufficient financial commitment to assure that any facilities proposed or represented to be part of the subdivision will in fact be completed as proposed, or escrow sufficient monies out of land sales to guarantee that the above facilities are installed. The amount of any bond or other financial commitment or escrow required under this paragraph shall reflect the estimated costs of providing the facilities; (ix) With respect to any water rights appurtenant to lands to be subdivided in accordance with this section and prior to final approval of the subdivision permit, the subdivider shall provide the following: (A) The intended disposition of the water rights by: (I) Written documentation from the state board of control that the subdivider submitted to the state board of control all documents necessary to voluntarily abandon the water rights, cancel any unadjudicated permits or eliminate applicable lands from any unadjudicated permits. The subdivider shall notify any purchasers of this action; (II) Written documentation from the state board of control that the subdivider submitted to the state board of control all documents necessary to change the use or place of use to provide for beneficial use of the water rights outside the subdivision; (III) A plan, accompanied by written documentation from the state engineer approving the plan, for the distribution of the water rights appurtenant to the land to be subdivided. The plan shall specify the distribution of the water to the lots within the subdivision and shall include written documentation from the state board of control that the subdivider submitted to the state board of control all documents necessary to change the use, place of use or point of diversion or means of conveyance in accordance with W.S. 41-3-103, 41-3-104 or 41-3-114; or (IV) Written documentation from the state board of control that it accepted an authorization to detach water rights appurtenant to the lands to be subdivided in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the state board of control. (B) If the subdivision is located within lands served by or crossed by a ditch, irrigation works or other water conveyance system, evidence that the subdivider submitted the plan to the public entity, company, association or appropriators responsible for the ditch, irrigation works or other water conveyance system for review and recommendations at least sixty (60) days prior to the submittal of the application for the subdivision permit to the board; and (C) Evidence that the subdivider will specifically state on all offers relative to the subdivision the subdivider's intent to comply with this paragraph and that the subdivider does not warrant to a purchaser that the purchaser shall have any rights to the natural flow of any stream within or adjacent to the proposed subdivision. The subdivider shall further state that Wyoming law does not recognize any riparian rights to the continued natural flow of a stream or river for persons living on the banks of the stream or river. (x) Evidence that all parcels of land created by the subdivision will be subject to written and recorded covenants or other instruments creating an entity, binding on subsequent owners of the land within the subdivision. The entities that may be used include, but are not limited to, special improvement districts, homeowners associations and mutual benefit corporations. The board shall not mandate the creation of an entity with the ability to interfere with any owner's ability to use his private property, except to collect any assessment. The entity shall have the ability to address the following topics: (A) Maintenance and responsibility for common areas, roads and water supply systems and assessments against all parcels of land in the subdivision to defray the costs thereof; (B) Continued management of the entity. (c) The board shall require the applicant to obtain review and recommendations from the local conservation district regarding soil suitability, erosion control, sedimentation and flooding problems. The review and recommendations shall be completed within sixty (60) days. (d) The board shall require the applicant to obtain review and recommendations from a fire protection district in which any portion of the subdivision lies, from the authority having jurisdiction over fire prevention and protection in the area or from the nearest fire protection district if no part of the subdivision lies within a fire protection district, regarding adequacy of fire protection measures. If the entire subdivision does not lie within a fire protection district and no city, town or fire protection district is obligated to provide fire protection pursuant to an agreement authorized by law the subdivider shall put a legend on the plat of the subdivision and on all offers, contracts or agreements for the sale and purchase of lots within the subdivision showing in capital letters "LOTS ARE NOT PART OF A FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT AND FIRE PROTECTION IS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED". (e) If the permit is approved the board shall require the applicant to put a legend on the plat and on all offers, contracts or agreements for the sale and purchase of lots within the subdivision showing in capital letters "THE SURFACE ESTATE OF THE LAND TO BE SUBDIVIDED IS SUBJECT TO FULL AND EFFECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MINERAL ESTATE". (f) Nothing in this section shall require the acquisition of a permit for the sale or disposition of lands that on or before July 1, 2008 have been developed and promoted as part of a large acre subdivision as evidenced by dated plat maps, sales brochures or other evidence acceptable to the board. (g) If the lots, units, tracts or parcels created pursuant to a permit issued under this section are used for agricultural purposes and otherwise qualify as agricultural land for purposes of W.S. 39-13-103(b)(x), the lots, units, tracts or parcels shall be deemed not to be part of a platted subdivision for purposes of W.S. 39-13-103(b)(x)(B)(II).

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-317 Subsequent sale of subdivided lots.

If any lot, unit, tract or parcel is created pursuant to a subdivision and the lot, unit, tract or parcel is sold pursuant to a contract for deed, notice of the contract for deed shall be recorded with the county clerk within ten (10) days after the contract was executed.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-318 Large parcels used for agricultural purposes.

If any lot, unit, tract or parcel thirty-five (35) acres or more in size is used for agricultural purposes within a platted subdivision and otherwise qualifies as agricultural land for purposes of W.S. 39-13-103(b)(x), the parcel shall be deemed not to be part of a platted subdivision for purposes of W.S. 39-13-103(b)(x)(B)(II).

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-319 Fencing requirements for subdivision permits.

(a) Each subdivider seeking to create or divide a subdivision that is adjacent to lands upon which livestock can be legally run at large shall comply with all of the following: (i) The subdivider shall be responsible for the construction of a perimeter fence on any part of the subdivision that is adjacent to lands upon which livestock can be legally run at large unless a legal perimeter fence already exists at that location or all adjacent landowners' consent that a perimeter fence is not necessary; (ii) The perimeter fence required under this subsection shall be a lawful fence as prescribed by W.S. 11-28-102; (iii) The subdivider shall be responsible for all costs of the original construction for the perimeter fence. (b) Upon completion of the construction of a perimeter fence required under this section, the subsequent landowner or, if the subdivided parcel has not been sold, the subdivider shall: (i) Be responsible for the costs of maintaining the perimeter fence provided that the adjoining landowner shall be responsible for half of the costs of maintaining the perimeter fence, not to exceed the reasonable costs to maintain the fence if the fence was a fence under W.S. 11-28-102(a)(i); (ii) Not be liable for any damage caused by or arising from livestock pastured on adjoining land that may breach the perimeter fence and wander on the subdivided land, provided that the perimeter fence is maintained in accordance with this section. (c) The adjoining landowner shall not be liable for any damages caused by, or arising from, livestock pastured on the adjoining land that may wander onto the subdivided land except as provided in W.S. 11-28-108. (d) Before receiving a subdivision permit under this article, a subdivider shall provide information and evidence of the construction or plans to construct any perimeter fence required by this section in accordance with W.S. 18-5-306(a)(xiii).

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-401 Authority.

The board of county commissioners in each county, by resolution, may establish, regulate and control a conservation design process for the unincorporated area in the county as provided in this article.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-402 Definitions.

(a) As used in this article: (i) "Conservation design process" means a planning process adopted by a county to offer a land use option for residential purposes that differs from traditional thirty-five (35) acre divisions of land described in W.S. 18-5-303(b) using cluster development and density bonuses to preserve open space through: (A) Protection of wildlife habitat and critical areas; or (B) Enhancement and maintenance of the rural character of lands with contiguity to agricultural lands suitable for long range farming and ranching operations. (ii) "Cluster development" means any division of land that creates parcels containing less than thirty-five (35) acres each, for residential purposes, provided: (A) One (1) or more parcels are being divided pursuant to a county conservation design process; (B) An area within the county equal to not less than two-thirds (2/3) of the total area of the parcel, as defined in W.S 18-5-302(a)(x), being divided is reserved at the time of the development for the preservation of open space in furtherance of one (1) or more of the objectives described in paragraph (i) of this subsection; (C) Unless otherwise provided through a density bonus, the gross overall density shall not exceed one (1) residential unit for each seventeen and one-half (17 1/2) acres; and (D) Land set aside to preserve open space or to protect wildlife habitat or critical areas shall not be developed in any way that changes its open space designation for at least sixty-five (65) years from the date the cluster development is approved and shall be governed by the provisions of W.S. 18-5-403(b)(ii). (iii) "Density bonus" means a land use design incentive that encourages optimized preservation of open space by allowing a gross overall density of two (2) or more residential units for each thirty-five (35) acres; (iv) "Open space" means an area of land or water that is substantially free of structures, impervious surfaces, roads and other land-altering activities and does not include lands used for private recreation such as golf courses and residential yards, areas devoted to parking, vehicular traffic, nonagricultural private use or any other use which does not significantly lend itself to the furtherance of one (1) or more of the objectives described in paragraph (i) of this subsection. "Open space" includes lands used for agricultural activities; (v) "Private recreation" shall not include nature trails or hiking trails; (vi) "Residential unit" means a structure or part of a structure containing dwelling units, including single family or two-family houses, multiple dwellings or apartments. Residential units do not include transient accommodations such as transient hotels, motels, tourist cabins, boarding or rooming houses or dormitories.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-403 Cluster development permits.

(a) No person shall sell land subject to subdivision regulation under this article, record a plat or commence the construction of any cluster development under this article without first obtaining a permit from the board of county commissioners in which the land is located. (b) No permit shall be approved until: (i) A plat of the cluster development has been prepared by or under the supervision of a Wyoming professional land surveyor, approved by the board and recorded with the county clerk in the county in which the land is located which includes a statement on the plat designating the open space area and clearly noting the duration of the open space reservation; (ii) A provision is approved by the board providing for the designation of the open space, which may be evidenced by conservation easements, restrictive covenants, dedication of open space to the public where the dedication will be accepted by the governing body or any other evidence approved by the board. The provision shall provide for a process by which the owners of the lots in the development may retain the designation of land as open space after the expiration of the initial sixty-five (65) year period; (iii) The board finds that the development has met the conservation design process requirements adopted by the board. (c) Each application for a cluster development permit shall be accompanied by a reasonable fee not to exceed the cost of processing the application as determined by the board of county commissioners. (d) If the open space areas created pursuant to a permit issued under this article are used for agricultural purposes and otherwise qualify as agricultural land for purposes of W.S. 39-13-103(b)(x), the area designated as open space shall be deemed not to be part of a platted subdivision for purposes of W.S. 39-13-103(b)(x)(B)(II).

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-404 Enforcement; rules and regulations.

If a board of county commissioners adopts the process described in this article, it shall enforce this article and, in accordance with the Wyoming Administrative Procedure Act, shall adopt rules and regulations to implement the provisions of and to insure compliance with the intent and purposes of this article.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-405 Cluster development; notice to state engineer.

Within thirty (30) days after a cluster development has been approved pursuant to the conservation design process, the board of county commissioners shall notify the state engineer of the approval and shall provide the state engineer a copy of the approved cluster development plan.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-501 Definitions.

(a) As used in this article: (i) "Industrial siting council" or "council" means the council created by W.S. 35-12-104; (ii) "Wind energy facility" means any wind powered electrical generation development consisting of an individual wind turbine or multiple wind turbines rated by the manufacturer to generate more than one-half (0.5) megawatt of electricity and includes all lands where the owner or developer has rights to erect wind turbines; (iii) "Enlarge" or "enlargement" means adding additional wind turbines or energy capacity that is not permitted as part of an original permitting process. "Enlarge" or "enlargement" shall not include an improvement made to a permitted wind turbine that maintains the same surface space occupied by the structure that was previously permitted, regardless of the cost of the improvement; (iv) "Owner" means the surface owner of land; (v) "Facility" includes: (A) A wind energy facility or a solar energy facility unless the context clearly indicates otherwise; (B) A wind energy facility or a solar energy facility planned for construction and siting or whose ownership or business structure is organized in a way to circumvent the definition of "facility" or the requirements of this article while engaging in conduct that otherwise would be subject to the requirements of this article. A facility that meets the definition of this subparagraph shall comply with all requirements of this article before locating, erecting, constructing, reconstructing or enlarging the facility. (vi) "Solar energy facility" means a commercial facility with a rated power capacity of more than one-half (0.5) megawatt of electricity from solar power that includes all lands where the owner or developer has rights to erect solar energy facilities, including lands for battery storage.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-502 County regulation of wind or solar energy projects; exceptions.

(a) It is unlawful to locate, erect, construct, reconstruct or enlarge a facility without first obtaining a permit from the board of county commissioners in the county in which the facility is located. (b) If a facility is to be located in two (2) or more counties, a permit shall be obtained in each county in which the facility is to be located. (c) No wind energy facility constructed or being constructed prior to July 1, 2010 shall be required to have the permit required by this section. No wind energy facility for which an application for a permit has been made to the industrial siting council, or that has received findings of fact, conclusions of law and an order from the industrial siting council, prior to July 1, 2010 shall be required to have the permit required by this section. (d) Any wind energy facility which is not required to have a permit pursuant to subsection (c) of this section shall be required to obtain a permit for any enlargement of the facility after July 1, 2010. (e) No solar energy facility that has obtained final county approval where required or that is constructed or being constructed prior to July 1, 2020 shall be required to have the permit required by this section. Any solar energy facility that is not required to have a permit pursuant to this subsection shall be required to obtain a permit for any enlargement of the facility after July 1, 2020.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-503 Application.

(a) To obtain the permit required by W.S. 18-5-502, the owner or developer of a facility shall submit an application to the board of county commissioners. The application shall: (i) Certify that reasonable efforts have been undertaken to provide notice in writing to all owners of land within one (1) mile of the proposed facility, to the military installation commander or the commander's designee if there are any active federal military missile launch or control facilities within five (5) miles of the proposed facility, to the department of transportation and to all cities and towns located within twenty (20) miles of the facility. Notice shall include a general description of the project including its location, projected number and capacity of turbines or solar energy facilities, the likely routes of ingress and egress and the likely location of electric transmission and other related facilities; (ii) Certify that notice of the proposed facility will be published in a newspaper of general circulation in all counties in which the facility will be located at least twenty (20) days prior to the public hearing required by W.S. 18-5-506. The notice shall include a brief summary of the facility, invite the public to submit comments and identify the time and date of the hearing; (iii) Certify that the proposed facility will comply with all the standards required by W.S. 18-5-504; (iv) Certify that the proposed facility will comply with all applicable zoning and county land use regulations, which regulations shall be no less stringent than the standards required by this article; (v) Certify that a written emergency management plan has been submitted for review and comment to the county fire warden, county emergency management coordinator and the county sheriff. If the permit is granted, the plan shall be supplemented and revised following construction of the facility and prior to its operation if there are any variations in the facility's construction which would materially impact the original emergency management plan; (vi) Provide a waste management plan that includes an inventory of estimated solid wastes and a proposed disposal program for the construction, operation and eventual decommissioning of the proposed facility; (vii) Provide evidence sufficient for the board of county commissioners to determine if the proposed facility has adequate legal access. The application also shall describe how private roadways within the facility will be marked as private roadways and shall acknowledge that no county is required to repair, maintain or accept any dedication of the private roadways to the public use. The application also shall include a traffic study of any public roadways leading to and away from the proposed facility and the board of county commissioners and department of transportation may require the applicant to enter into a reasonable road use agreement for the use of county roads or state highways prior to construction of the facility; (viii) Provide a project plan indicating the proposed roadways, tower locations, substation locations, transmission, collector and gathering lines and other ancillary facility components. If the application is granted, the board of county commissioners shall require that the project plan be revised to show the final location of all facilities; (ix) Certify that there shall be no advertising or promotional lettering on any solar energy facility, tower, turbine, nacelle or blade beyond the manufacturer's or the applicant's logo on the solar energy facility or the nacelle of the turbine; (x) Provide a site and facility reclamation and decommissioning plan which indicates the planned life of the facility and the means by which the facility and its site will be decommissioned and reclaimed at the end of the facility's life and which certifies that any owner of land within the facility and its site who is not the applicant has been consulted in development of the reclamation and decommissioning plan. Such plan shall comply with all requirements adopted by the industrial siting council under W.S. 35-12-105(d). If the permit is granted, the plan shall be updated every five (5) years until site reclamation and decommissioning is complete; (xi) For wind energy facilities and solar energy facilities not meeting the definition of an industrial facility as defined in W.S. 35-12-102(a)(vii)(E) or (G), provide a detailed summary of any significant adverse environmental, social or economic effects that the proposed facility may have together with any preliminary plans developed to alleviate any of the adverse effects. (b) A facility subject to this article shall meet the requirements adopted pursuant to W.S. 35-12-105(d) and (e) regardless of whether the facility is referred to the industrial siting council pursuant to W.S. 18-5-509 or is otherwise subject to the industrial siting act.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-504 Minimum standards; incorporation into other processes.

(a) No board of county commissioners shall issue a permit for a facility if that facility: (i) Does not comply with standards properly adopted by the board of county commissioners for the construction of wind energy facilities or solar energy facilities, which standards shall not be less stringent than the standards required by this article, except as allowed by this section; (ii) For wind energy facilities, would locate the base of any tower at a distance of less than one hundred ten percent (110%) of the maximum height of the tower from any property line contiguous or adjacent to the facility, unless waived in writing by the owner of every property which would be located closer than the minimum distance; (iii) For wind energy facilities, would locate the base of any tower at a distance of less than one hundred ten percent (110%) of the maximum height of the tower from any public road right-of-way; (iv) For wind energy facilities, would construct any tower or other structure, other than underground structures, transmission lines, roadways and structures appurtenant to roadways, at a distance of less than five and one-half (5.5) times the maximum height of the tower, but in no event less than one thousand (1,000) feet from any platted subdivision unless this restriction is waived in writing by the owners of all lands included within the distance specified in this paragraph; (v) For wind energy facilities, would locate the base of any tower at a distance of less than five and one-half (5.5) times the maximum height of the tower, but in no event less than one thousand (1,000) feet from a residential dwelling or occupied structure, unless waived in writing by the person holding title to the residential dwelling or occupied structure; (vi) For wind energy facilities, would locate the base of any tower at a distance of less than one-half (1/2) mile from the limits of any city or town; (vii) For solar energy facilities: (A) Would locate the facility within three hundred (300) feet of an occupied structure or residence unless waived in writing by the owner of the structure or residence; (B) Would locate the facility within one hundred (100) feet of any outer boundary of the facility; (C) Would locate the facility on unzoned or agricultural zoned land less than two hundred (200) feet from any public road right-of-way or on other land less than one hundred (100) feet from any public road right-of-way. (b) No rule, regulation or law promulgated or applied by any county in this state shall adopt a standard less stringent than the minimum standards established in subsection (a) of this section. The minimum standards stated in subsection (a) of this section shall be incorporated into every existing or future county permitting or licensing process to which they are applicable so that no applicant for a permit under this article is required to submit more than one (1) application addressing these standards to any county. (c) Notwithstanding subsection (b) of this section, any board of county commissioners for solar facilities: (i) May vary the location and setback requirements provided in subsection (a) of this section, either on its own or by following its land use planning, zoning or conditional use processes; (ii) For lands within the boundaries of any incorporated municipality, shall require any setbacks recommended by the governing body of the municipality within the boundaries of that municipality; (iii) May increase setbacks required from public road rights-of-way beyond those required in this section to accommodate known big game animal migrations and frequent local wildlife movements and to reduce the risk of motor vehicle and big game animal collisions. A board of county commissioners may consult with the: (A) Game and fish department for setbacks from public roads; (B) Department of transportation for setbacks from state highways; (C) County's appropriate local entity for setbacks from county roads. (d) No board of county commissioners shall issue a permit under W.S. 18-5-502(a) until that county has adopted rules and regulations governing the notice that the application for a permit must provide to the record owners and claimants of mineral rights located on and under lands where the facility will be constructed. The rules shall conform to rules adopted by the industrial siting council for the same purpose pursuant to W.S. 35-12-105. (e) For a permit granted for a wind energy facility under this article, there shall be no vertical construction of a wind turbine within two (2) nautical miles of any active federal military missile launch or control facility, unless the owner or developer of the wind energy facility first obtains and furnishes documentation to the board of county commissioners of: (i) A written determination of no adverse impact on nuclear security operations from the military installation commander or the commander's designee. The determination shall not be unreasonably withheld or denied; (ii) A determination of no hazard from the federal aviation administration; and (iii) Documentation from the federal military aviation and installation assurance siting clearinghouse that resolves any potential adverse impact on military operations and readiness and that commits to implement required mitigation measures.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-505 Complete applications; notice.

Upon receipt of an application, the board of county commissioners shall conduct a review of the application to determine if it contains all the information required by W.S. 18-5-503 and any applicable rules and regulations. If the board of county commissioners determines that the application is incomplete, it shall within thirty (30) days of receipt of the application notify the applicant of the specific deficiencies in the application. The applicant shall provide the additional information necessary within thirty (30) days of receipt of a request for additional information from the board. When the board of county commissioners determines that the application is complete it shall notify the applicant that the application is complete and shall provide notice of the date and time at which the hearing required by W.S. 18-5-506 will be conducted.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-506 Hearing and public comment.

Any board of county commissioners receiving an application to permit a facility shall hold a public hearing to consider public comment on the application no less than forty-five (45) days and not more than ninety (90) days after determining that the application is complete. The applicant may agree to extend the date by which a public hearing is held under this section. Written comment on the application shall be accepted by the board of county commissioners for not less than forty-five (45) days after determining that the application is complete.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-507 Decision of the board; findings necessary.

(a) Within sixty (60) days from the date of completion of the hearing required by W.S. 18-5-506, the board shall make complete findings, issue an opinion, render a decision upon the record either granting or denying the application and state whether or not the applicant has met the standards required by this article. The decision shall be subject to the remedies provided in W.S. 18-5-508. The board shall grant a permit if it determines that the proposed facility complies with all standards properly adopted by the board of county commissioners and the standards required by this article. (b) No permit shall be granted if the application is incomplete or if all notices required by W.S. 18-5-503 have not been timely given. (c) A copy of the decision shall be served upon the applicant.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-508 Remedies.

(a) Any party aggrieved by the final decision of the board of county commissioners may have the decision reviewed by the district court pursuant to Rule 12 of the Wyoming Rules of Appellate Procedure. (b) When a decision is issued after hearing on an application for a permit under this article, the decision is final for purposes of judicial review.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-509 Referral.

(a) Any board of county commissioners which receives an application to permit a wind energy facility or solar energy facility which does not meet the definition of an industrial facility as defined in W.S. 35-12-102(a)(vii)(E) or (G) may refer the facility to the industrial siting council for additional permitting consistent with the requirements of the Industrial Development Information and Siting Act, W.S. 35-12-101 through 35-12-119, but the provisions of W.S. 39-15-111 shall not apply. A referral shall be made only when a board of county commissioners finds there are potentially significant adverse environmental, social or economic issues which the county board of commissioners does not have the expertise to consider or authority to address. (b) Any facility referred to the industrial siting council under this section may apply to the council for a waiver of permit application pursuant to W.S. 35-12-107. (c) Upon receiving a referral pursuant to this section and within fifteen (15) days after receipt of the referral, the director of the department of environmental quality may reject the referral by giving written notice of the rejection to the county making the referral and the applicant. No appeal from the decision of the director under this subsection shall be allowed. (d) A referral made pursuant to this section shall not relieve a board of county commissioners from its obligation to consider whether the proposed facility should be permitted under the standards required by this article. (e) A referral made pursuant to this section shall be made no later than thirty (30) days after an application is deemed complete pursuant to W.S. 18-5-505.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-510 Binding effect.

Upon referral of a facility to the industrial siting council pursuant to W.S. 18-5-509, the facility shall not be withdrawn from the council's consideration without consent of the council. Any decision by the council shall be final except as provided in this article or pursuant to the remedies provided to other facilities permitted by the council.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-511 Revocation or suspension of permit.

(a) A permit may be revoked or suspended for: (i) Any material false statement in the application or in accompanying statements or studies required of the applicant, if a true statement would have warranted the refusal to grant a permit; (ii) Failure to comply with the terms or conditions of the permit after notice of the failure and reasonable opportunity to correct the failure; (iii) Violation of this article, the rules and regulations adopted pursuant to this article or valid orders of the board of county commissioners or the industrial siting council; (iv) Failure of the proposed facility to receive a required permit from the industrial siting council pursuant to the Industrial Development Information and Siting Act, W.S. 35-12-101 through 35-12-119; (v) Failure of the permitted wind energy facility to: (A) Transmit electricity created by wind energy for a period of two (2) consecutive years or more; (B) Maintain land rights necessary to operate the wind energy facility. (vi) Failure of the permitted solar energy facility to maintain land rights necessary to operate the solar energy facility.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-512 Penalties for violations.

(a) No person shall: (i) Commence to construct a wind energy facility on or after July 1, 2010 or a solar energy facility on or after July 1, 2020 without first obtaining a permit required by this article; (ii) Construct, reconstruct, operate, locate, erect, maintain, enlarge, change or use a facility, after having first obtained a permit, other than in specific compliance with the permit; or (iii) Cause any of the acts specified in this subsection to occur. (b) Any person violating subsection (a) of this section is liable for a civil penalty of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000.00) for each violation. Each day of a continuing violation constitutes a separate offense. (c) Any wind turbine tower, wind generator or portion thereof or any solar energy panel or facility or portion thereof erected in violation of this article shall subject the owner of the tower, generator or solar energy panel or facility to a penalty of seven hundred fifty dollars ($750.00) per day for every tower, generator or solar energy panel or facility so erected. (d) Any penalties collected pursuant to this section shall be paid and credited as provided by W.S. 8-1-109.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 18-5-513 Fees.

(a) A board of county commissioners which receives an application under this article for the permitting of a facility may charge the applicant a reasonable fee which shall not exceed the reasonably anticipated costs of processing and considering the application and conducting public hearings. (b) The board of county commissioners also may collect a reasonable building permit fee prior to commencement of construction which shall not exceed the reasonably anticipated administrative costs of issuing the building permit and overseeing compliance with permit conditions and requirements.
Source: WY Statutes (Official Site)URL: https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title18.pdfFetched: 10/4/2026