ARTICLE 9. Enforcement [16900. - 16906.]

Cal. Financial Code - FIN 9.

in effect

Cal. Financial Code - FIN § 16900. Section 16900.

(a) The commissioner may bring an action in the name of the people of this state in the superior court to enjoin any violation of, to enforce compliance with, or to collect any penalty or other liability imposed under this division or any regulation or order issued under this chapter. Upon a proper showing, a permanent or preliminary injunction, restraining order, or writ of mandate shall be granted, and a monitor, receiver, conservator, or other designated fiduciary or officer of the court may be granted as appropriate. (b) A receiver, monitor, conservator, or other designated fiduciary officer of the court appointed by the court pursuant to this section may, with the approval of the court, exercise all of the powers of the defendant’s officers, directors, partners, trustees, or persons who exercise similar powers and perform similar duties, including the filing of a petition for bankruptcy. No action at law or in equity may be maintained by any party against the commissioner, or a receiver, monitor, conservator, or other designated fiduciary or officer of the court by reason of their exercising these powers or performing these duties pursuant to the order of, or with the approval of, the court. (c) If the commissioner finds that it is in the public interest, the commissioner may include in a claim for restitution, disgorgement, or damages on behalf of the person injured by the act or practice constituting the subject matter of the action, and the court shall have jurisdiction to award ancillary relief. (d) The provisions of this section that authorize the commissioner to bring actions and seek relief are not intended to, and do not, affect any right that any other person may have to bring the same or similar actions or to seek the same or similar relief.

Cal. Financial Code - FIN § 16900.5. Section 16900.5.

(a) If the commissioner finds that any person has violated, or that there is reasonable cause to believe that any person is about to violate, Section 16020, the commissioner may order the person to cease and desist from the violation unless and until the person is issued a license. (b) (1) Within 30 days after an order is issued pursuant to subdivision (a), the person to whom the order is directed may file with the commissioner an application for a hearing on the order. If the commissioner fails to commence a hearing within 15 business days after the application is filed with him or her (or within such longer period to which the person consents), the order shall be deemed rescinded. At the hearing the commissioner shall affirm, modify, or rescind the order. (2) The right of any person, to whom an order is issued under subdivision (a), to petition for judicial review of the order shall not be affected by the failure of the person to apply to the commissioner for a hearing on the order pursuant to paragraph (1).

Cal. Financial Code - FIN § 16901. Section 16901.

If, after notice and hearing, the commissioner finds that any person has violated any provision of this chapter or of any regulation or order issued under this chapter, the commissioner may order the person to pay to the commissioner a civil penalty imposed pursuant to Section 216.3.

Cal. Financial Code - FIN § 16902. Section 16902.

If, after notice and hearing, the commissioner finds any of the following with respect to a foreign (other nation) credit union that is licensed to maintain an office, the commissioner may issue an order suspending or revoking the license of the foreign (other nation) credit union. (a) That the foreign (other nation) credit union has violated a provision of this division or of any regulation or order issued under this division or a provision of any other applicable law, regulation, or order. (b) That the foreign (other nation) credit union is transacting the business in this state or elsewhere in an unsafe or unsound manner. (c) That the foreign (other nation) credit union is in unsafe or unsound condition. (d) That the foreign (other nation) credit union has ceased to operate its office. (e) That the foreign (other nation) credit union is insolvent in that it has ceased to pay its debts in the ordinary course of business, it cannot pay its debts as they become due, or its liabilities exceed its assets. (f) That the foreign (other nation) credit union has suspended payment of its obligations, has made an assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or has admitted in writing its inability to pay its debts as they become due. (g) That the foreign (other nation) credit union is the subject of an order for relief in bankruptcy or has sought other relief under any bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, or moratorium law, or that any person has applied for such relief under any such law against the foreign (other nation) credit union, and the foreign (other nation) credit union has by any affirmative act approved of or consented to the action or the relief has been granted. (h) That a receiver, liquidator, or conservator has been appointed for the foreign (other nation) credit union or that any proceeding for an appointment or any similar proceeding has been initiated in the home country of the foreign (other nation) credit union. (i) That the existence of the foreign (other nation) credit union or the authority of the foreign (other nation) credit union to transact banking business under the laws of the home country of the foreign (other nation) credit union has been suspended or terminated. (j) That any fact or condition exists that, if it had existed at the time when the foreign (other nation) credit union applied for approval to transact business in this state, would have been grounds for denying the application.

Cal. Financial Code - FIN § 16903. Section 16903.

(a) If the commissioner finds that any of the factors set forth in Section 16902 is true with respect to any foreign (other nation) credit union that is licensed to maintain an office and that it is necessary for the protection of the interests of creditors of the foreign (other nation) credit union’s business in this state or, in any case, for the protection of the public interest that the commissioner immediately suspend or revoke the license of the foreign (other nation) credit union, the commissioner may issue an order suspending or revoking the license of the foreign (other nation) credit union. (b) (1) Within 30 days after an order is issued pursuant to subdivision (a), the foreign (other nation) credit union to which the order is issued may file with the commissioner an application for a hearing on the order. If the commissioner fails to commence the hearing within 15 business days after the application is filed with the commissioner (or within any longer period to which the foreign (other nation) credit union consents), the order shall be deemed rescinded. Within 30 days after the hearing, the commissioner shall affirm, modify, or rescind the order; otherwise, the order shall be deemed rescinded. (2) The right of any foreign (other nation) credit union to which an order is issued under subdivision (a) to petition for judicial review of the order shall not be affected by the failure of the foreign (other nation) credit union to apply to the commissioner for a hearing on the order pursuant to paragraph (1).

Cal. Financial Code - FIN § 16904. Section 16904.

Any foreign (other nation) credit union whose license to maintain an office is suspended or revoked shall immediately surrender the license to the commissioner.

Cal. Financial Code - FIN § 16905. Section 16905.

(a) Any foreign (other nation) credit union to which an order is issued under Section 16902 and 16903 may apply to the commissioner to modify or rescind the order. The commissioner shall not grant the application unless the commissioner finds that it is in the public interest to do so and that it is reasonable to believe that the foreign (other nation) credit union will, if and when it is again authorized to maintain an office, comply with all applicable provisions of this division and of any regulation or order issued under this division. (b) The right of any foreign (other nation) credit union to which an order is issued under Section 16902 or 16903 to petition for judicial review of the order shall not be affected by the failure of the foreign (other nation) credit union to apply to the commissioner pursuant to subdivision (a) to modify or rescind the order.

Cal. Financial Code - FIN § 16906. Section 16906.

(a) If the commissioner finds that any of the factors set forth in Section 16902 is true with respect to any foreign (other nation) credit union which is authorized to transact business in this state and that it is necessary for the protection of the interests of the creditors of the business of the foreign (other nation) credit union in this state or for the protection of the public interest that he or she take immediate possession of the property and business of the foreign (other nation) credit union, the commissioner may by order forthwith take possession of the property and business of the foreign (other nation) credit union and retain possession until the foreign (other nation) credit union resumes business in this state or is finally liquidated. The foreign (other nation) credit union may, with the consent of the commissioner, resume business in this state under the conditions as the commissioner may prescribe. (b) (1) Whenever the commissioner takes possession of the property and business of a foreign (other nation) credit union pursuant to subdivision (a), the foreign (other nation) credit union may, within 10 days, apply to the superior court in the county in which the primary office in this state of the foreign (other nation) credit union is located to enjoin further proceedings. The court may, after citing the commissioner to show cause why further proceedings should not be enjoined and after a hearing, dismiss the application or enjoin the commissioner from further proceedings and order him or her to surrender the property and business of the foreign (other nation) credit union to the foreign (other nation) credit union or make any further order as may be just. (2) The judgment of the court may be appealed by the commissioner or by the foreign (other nation) credit union in the manner provided by law for appeals from the judgment of a superior court to the court of appeal. In case the commissioner appeals the judgment of the court, the appeal shall operate as a stay of the judgment, and the commissioner shall not be required to post any bond. (c) Whenever the commissioner takes possession of the property and business of a foreign (other nation) credit union pursuant to subdivision (a), the commissioner shall conserve or liquidate the property and business of the foreign (other nation) credit union in accordance with Sections 14301 to 14304, inclusive. (d) When the commissioner has completed the liquidation of the property and business of a foreign (other nation) credit union in this state, the commissioner shall transfer any remaining assets to the foreign (other nation) credit union in accordance with any order the court may issue. However, in case the foreign (other nation) credit union has an office in another state of the United States which is in liquidation and the assets of that office appear to be insufficient to pay in full the creditors of that office, the court shall order the commissioner to transfer to the liquidator of that office the amount of any remaining assets as appears to be necessary to cover the insufficiency. If there are two or more offices and the amount of remaining assets is less than the aggregate amount of insufficiencies with respect to those offices, the court shall order the commissioner to distribute the remaining assets among the liquidators of the offices in the manner as the court determines is equitable.

Source: CA Legislative Counsel Bulk DataURL: https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zipFetched: 6/27/2026