General Technical Requirements

10 C.F.R. Part ..., Subpart C
in effectEffective: 2024-07-01

10 C.F.R. § 35.60 Possession, use, and calibration of instruments used to measure the activity of unsealed byproduct material.

(a) For direct measurements performed in accordance with § 35.63, a licensee shall possess and use instrumentation to measure the activity of unsealed byproduct material before it is administered to each patient or human research subject. (b) A licensee shall calibrate the instrumentation required in paragraph (a) of this section in accordance with nationally recognized standards or the manufacturer's instructions. (c) A licensee shall retain a record of each instrument calibration required by this section in accordance with § 35.2060.

10 C.F.R. § 35.61 Calibration of survey instruments.

(a) A licensee shall calibrate the survey instruments used to show compliance with this part and 10 CFR Part 20 before first use, annually, and following a repair that affects the calibration. A licensee shall— (1) Calibrate all scales with readings up to 10 mSv (1000 mrem) per hour with a radiation source; (2) Calibrate two separated readings on each scale or decade that will be used to show compliance; and (3) Conspicuously note on the instrument the date of calibration. (b) A licensee may not use survey instruments if the difference between the indicated exposure rate and the calculated exposure rate is more than 20 percent. (c) A licensee shall retain a record of each survey instrument calibration in accordance with § 35.2061.

10 C.F.R. § 35.63 Determination of dosages of unsealed byproduct material for medical use.

(a) A licensee shall determine and record the activity of each dosage before medical use. (b) For a unit dosage, this determination must be made by— (1) Direct measurement of radioactivity; or (2) A decay correction, based on the activity or activity concentration determined by— (i) A manufacturer or preparer licensed under § 32.72 of this chapter or equivalent Agreement State requirements; or (ii) An NRC or Agreement State licensee for use in research in accordance with a Radioactive Drug Research Committee-approved protocol or an Investigational New Drug (IND) protocol accepted by FDA; or (iii) A PET radioactive drug producer licensed under § 30.32(j) of this chapter or equivalent Agreement State requirements. (c) For other than unit dosages, this determination must be made by— (1) Direct measurement of radioactivity; (2) Combination of measurement of radioactivity and mathematical calculations; or (3) Combination of volumetric measurements and mathematical calculations, based on the measurement made by: (i) A manufacturer or preparer licensed under § 32.72 of this chapter or equivalent Agreement State requirements; or (ii) A PET radioactive drug producer licensed under § 30.32(j) of this chapter or equivalent Agreement State requirements. (d) Unless otherwise directed by the authorized user, a licensee may not use a dosage if the dosage does not fall within the prescribed dosage range or if the dosage differs from the prescribed dosage by more than 20 percent. (e) A licensee shall retain a record of the dosage determination required by this section in accordance with § 35.2063.

10 C.F.R. § 35.65 Authorization for calibration, transmission, and reference sources.

(a) Any person authorized by § 35.11 for medical use of byproduct material may receive, possess, and use any of the following byproduct material for check, calibration, transmission, and reference use: (1) Sealed sources, not exceeding 1.11 GBq (30 mCi) each, manufactured and distributed by a person licensed under § 32.74 of this chapter or equivalent Agreement State regulations; (2) Sealed sources, not exceeding 1.11 GBq (30 mCi) each, redistributed by a licensee authorized to redistribute the sealed sources manufactured and distributed by a person licensed under § 32.74 of this chapter or equivalent Agreement State regulations, providing the redistributed sealed sources are in the original packaging and shielding and are accompanied by the manufacturer's approved instructions; (3) Any byproduct material with a half-life not longer than 120 days in individual amounts not to exceed 0.56 GBq (15 mCi); (4) Any byproduct material with a half-life longer than 120 days in individual amounts not to exceed the smaller of 7.4 MBq (200 µCI) or 1000 times the quantities in appendix B of part 30 of this chapter; or (5) Technetium-99m in amounts as needed. (b) Byproduct material in sealed sources authorized by this provision shall not be: (1) Used for medical use as defined in § 35.2 except in accordance with the requirements in § 35.500; or (2) Combined (i.e., bundled or aggregated) to create an activity greater than the maximum activity of any single sealed source authorized under this section. (c) A licensee using calibration, transmission, and reference sources in accordance with the requirements in paragraph (a) or (b) of this section need not list these sources on a specific medical use license.

10 C.F.R. § 35.67 Requirements for possession of sealed sources and brachytherapy sources.

(a) A licensee in possession of any sealed source or brachytherapy source shall follow the radiation safety and handling instructions supplied by the manufacturer. (b) A licensee in possession of a sealed source shall— (1) Test the source for leakage before its first use unless the licensee has a certificate from the supplier indicating that the source was tested within 6 months before transfer to the licensee; and (2) Test the source for leakage at intervals not to exceed 6 months or at other intervals approved by the Commission or an Agreement State in the Sealed Source and Device Registry. (c) To satisfy the leak test requirements of this section, the licensee shall measure the sample so that the leak test can detect the presence of 185 Bq (0.005 µCi) of radioactive material in the sample. (d) A licensee shall retain leak test records in accordance with § 35.2067(a). (e) If the leak test reveals the presence of 185 Bq (0.005 µCi) or more of removable contamination, the licensee shall— (1) Immediately withdraw the sealed source from use and store, dispose, or cause it to be repaired in accordance with the requirements in parts 20 and 30 of this chapter; and (2) File a report within 5 days of the leak test in accordance with § 35.3067. (f) A licensee need not perform a leak test on the following sources: (1) Sources containing only byproduct material with a half-life of less than 30 days; (2) Sources containing only byproduct material as a gas; (3) Sources containing 3.7 MBq (100 µCi) or less of beta or gamma-emitting material or 0.37 MBq (10 µCi) or less of alpha-emitting material; (4) Seeds of iridium-192 encased in nylon ribbon; and (5) Sources stored and not being used. However, the licensee shall test each such source for leakage before any use or transfer unless it has been leak tested within 6 months before the date of use or transfer. (g) A licensee in possession of sealed sources or brachytherapy sources, except for gamma stereotactic radiosurgery sources, shall conduct a semi-annual physical inventory of all such sources in its possession. The licensee shall retain each inventory record in accordance with § 35.2067(b).

10 C.F.R. § 35.69 Labeling of vials and syringes.

Each syringe and vial that contains unsealed byproduct material must be labeled to identify the radioactive drug. Each syringe shield and vial shield must also be labeled unless the label on the syringe or vial is visible when shielded.

10 C.F.R. § 35.70 Surveys of ambient radiation exposure rate.

(a) In addition to the surveys required by Part 20 of this chapter, a licensee shall survey with a radiation detection survey instrument at the end of each day of use. A licensee shall survey all areas where unsealed byproduct material requiring a written directive was prepared for use or administered. (b) A licensee does not need to perform the surveys required by paragraph (a) of this section in an area(s) where patients or human research subjects are confined when they cannot be released under § 35.75. (c) A licensee shall retain a record of each survey in accordance with § 35.2070.

10 C.F.R. § 35.75 Release of individuals containing unsealed byproduct material or implants containing byproduct material.

(a) A licensee may authorize the release from its control of any individual who has been administered unsealed byproduct material or implants containing byproduct material if the total effective dose equivalent to any other individual from exposure to the released individual is not likely to exceed 5 mSv (0.5 rem). 1 (b) A licensee shall provide the released individual, or the individual's parent or guardian, with instructions, including written instructions, on actions recommended to maintain doses to other individuals as low as is reasonably achievable if the total effective dose equivalent to any other individual is likely to exceed 1 mSv (0.1 rem). If the total effective dose equivalent to a nursing infant or child could exceed 1 mSv (0.1 rem) assuming there were no interruption of breast-feeding, the instructions must also include— (1) Guidance on the interruption or discontinuation of breast-feeding; and (2) Information on the potential consequences, if any, of failure to follow the guidance. (c) A licensee shall maintain a record of the basis for authorizing the release of an individual in accordance with § 35.2075(a). (d) The licensee shall maintain a record of instructions provided to a breast-feeding female in accordance with § 35.2075(b).

10 C.F.R. § 35.80 Provision of mobile medical service.

(a) A licensee providing mobile medical service shall— (1) Obtain a letter signed by the management of each client for which services are rendered that permits the use of byproduct material at the client's address and clearly delineates the authority and responsibility of the licensee and the client; (2) Check instruments used to measure the activity of unsealed byproduct material for proper function before medical use at each client's address or on each day of use, whichever is more frequent. At a minimum, the check for proper function required by this paragraph must include a constancy check; (3) Check survey instruments for proper operation with a dedicated check source before use at each client's address; and (4) Before leaving a client's address, survey all areas of use to ensure compliance with the requirements in Part 20 of this chapter. (b) A mobile medical service may not have byproduct material delivered from the manufacturer or the distributor to the client unless the client has a license allowing possession of the byproduct material. Byproduct material delivered to the client must be received and handled in conformance with the client's license. (c) A licensee providing mobile medical services shall retain the letter required in paragraph (a)(1) and the record of each survey required in paragraph (a)(4) of this section in accordance with § 35.2080(a) and (b), respectively.

10 C.F.R. § 35.92 Decay-in-storage.

(a) A licensee may hold byproduct material with a physical half-life of less than or equal to 120 days for decay-in-storage before disposal without regard to its radioactivity if it— (1) Monitors byproduct material at the surface before disposal and determines that its radioactivity cannot be distinguished from the background radiation level with an appropriate radiation detection survey meter set on its most sensitive scale and with no interposed shielding; and (2) Removes or obliterates all radiation labels, except for radiation labels on materials that are within containers and that will be managed as biomedical waste after they have been released from the licensee. (b) A licensee shall retain a record of each disposal permitted under paragraph (a) of this section in accordance with § 35.2092.

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