Challenges

C.R.S. tit. 1, art. 9

in effect

C.R.S. § 1-9-101 Challenge of illegal or fraudulent registration

1-9-101. Challenge of illegal or fraudulent registration. (1) (a) Any registered elector may, by written challenge, protest against the registration of any person whose name appears in a county registration record. The written challenge shall state the precinct number, the name of the challenged registrant, the basis for such challenge, the facts supporting the challenge, and some documentary evidence to support the basis for the challenge, and shall bear the signature and address of the challenger. The written challenge and supporting evidence shall be filed with the county clerk and recorder no later than sixty days before any election. The county clerk and recorder shall notify the registrant of the challenge and shall set a time and place for a hearing to be held not later than thirty days after the filing of the challenge, at which hearing the challenged registrant shall have the opportunity to appear. The person challenging the registration shall appear and shall bear the burden of proof of the allegations in the challenge. The county clerk and recorder shall conduct the hearing and receive testimony and evidence, shall render a decision in accordance with paragraph (b) of this subsection (1) no later than five days thereafter, and shall notify both parties of the decision. (b) In rendering a decision, the county clerk and recorder has the following options: (I) If the county clerk and recorder finds sufficient evidence to support the allegations in the challenge, he or she shall cancel the registered elector's name from the statewide voter registration system; or (II) (Deleted by amendment, L. 2013.) (III) If the county clerk and recorder finds no evidence or insufficient evidence to support the allegations in the challenge, he or she shall deny the challenge to cancel the registered elector's name from the statewide voter registration system. (2) All appeals from the decision of the county clerk and recorder shall be to the district court within three days after the decision is issued. The appellant shall file in the district court a verified petition setting forth the facts presented at the hearing, the decision of the county clerk and recorder, and the basis for the appeal. Within twenty-four hours, the clerk of the district court shall mail to the other party a notice of the appeal and the time set for hearing, which shall be not less than three days nor more than five days after the date of filing. (3) The court shall hear the testimony and other evidence and investigate summarily and, within forty-eight hours after the close of the evidence, determine whether or not the charges are sustained. Only competent legal evidence may be received at the hearing or considered by the court, and no name registered in accordance with law shall be canceled from the statewide voter registration system unless it is proven that the challenged person does not reside at the address provided by the person at the time of registration. No presumption may be made against any person whose registration is challenged merely because of the failure of that person to attend the hearing. The court has the power to subpoena any person as a witness at the hearing and make any necessary investigation to ascertain the truth of any of the charges in the petition if the method of the investigation does not cause unnecessary delay or interfere with the final disposition of the cause within the time provided for in this section. The hearing on any petition is summary and final and is not subject to delay. At the close of the hearing, the court shall announce the names in the petition as to which the charges have been sustained and shall direct the clerk of the court to certify forthwith to the county clerk and recorder the lists of names of those persons, with their addresses, arranged alphabetically and according to precinct hearing on any petition is summary and final and is not subject to delay. At the close of the hearing, the court shall announce the names in the petition as to which the charges have been sustained and shall direct the clerk of the court to certify forthwith to the county clerk and recorder the lists of names of those persons, with their addresses, arranged alphabetically and according to precinct. The county clerk and recorder, upon receipt of the list from the court, shall forthwith cancel those names from the statewide voter registration system for the proper precinct with the notation that the names were canceled pursuant to court order, giving the date of the order. The decision of the court is final, and no appeal lies to any other court; except that the supreme court, in the exercise of its discretion, may review any such proceedings in a summary way.

C.R.S. § 1-9-201 Right to vote may be challenged

1-9-201. Right to vote may be challenged. (1) (a) A person's right to vote at a polling location or in an election may be challenged on one or more of the following grounds: (I) The person is not a citizen of the United States; (II) The person has not resided in the state for twenty-two days immediately preceding the election; (III) The person will not be eighteen years of age or older on or before election day; or (IV) If being a property owner or the spouse or civil union partner of a property owner is required for the election, the person is not a property owner or the spouse or civil union partner of a property owner. (b) If a person whose right to vote is challenged at a polling location refuses to answer the questions asked or sign the challenge form in accordance with section 1-9-203, the person shall be offered a provisional ballot. If the person casts a provisional ballot, the election judge shall attach the challenge form to the provisional ballot envelope and indicate "Challenge" on the provisional ballot envelope. (2) An election judge shall challenge any person intending to vote who the judge believes is not an eligible elector as provided in subsection (1)(a) of this section. In addition, challenges may be made by watchers or any eligible elector of the precinct as provided in subsection (1)(a) of this section. (3) A challenge at a polling location shall be made in the presence of the person whose right to vote is challenged.

C.R.S. § 1-9-202 Challenge to be made by written oath

1-9-202. Challenge to be made by written oath. Each challenge must be made by written oath on a form provided by an election judge. The form must include a space for the name of the person challenged and the specific factual basis for the challenge of the person's right to vote as set forth in section 1-9-201 (1)(a) and must be signed by the challenger under penalty of perjury in the second degree, as specified in section 1-13-104. The election judges shall forthwith deliver all challenges to the designated election official. No oral challenge is permitted.

C.R.S. § 1-9-203 Challenge questions asked person intending to vote

1-9-203. Challenge questions asked person intending to vote. (1) (Deleted by amendment, L. 2005, pp. 1420, 1455, §§ 42, 42, effective June 6, 2005.) (2) If the person is challenged as not eligible because the person is not a citizen, an election judge shall ask the following question: (a) Are you a citizen of the United States? (b) (Deleted by amendment, L. 93, p. 1432, § 109, effective July 1, 1993.) (3) If the person is challenged as not eligible because the person has not resided in this state for twenty-two days immediately preceding the election, an election judge shall ask the following questions: (a) Have you resided in this state for the twenty-two days immediately preceding this election? (b) Have you been absent from this state during the twenty-two days immediately preceding this election, and during that time have you maintained a home or domicile elsewhere? (c) If so, when you left, was it for a temporary purpose with the intent of returning, or did you intend to remain away? (d) Did you, while absent, look upon and regard this state as your home? (e) Did you, while absent, vote in any other state or any territory of the United States? (4) (a) If the person is challenged as not eligible to vote in an election other than a primary election because the person will not be eighteen years of age or older on or before election day, an election judge shall ask the following question: To the best of your knowledge and belief, will you be eighteen years of age or older on election day? (b) If the person is challenged as not eligible to vote in a primary election because the person will not be eighteen years of age on or before the date of the next general election, an election judge shall ask the following question: To the best of your knowledge and belief, are you at least seventeen years of age and will you be at least eighteen years of age on or before the date of the next general election? (5) If the person is challenged as not eligible because the person is not a property owner or the spouse or civil union partner of a property owner, an election judge shall ask the following questions: (a) Are you a property owner or the spouse or civil union partner of a property owner in this political subdivision and therefore eligible to vote? (b) What is the address or, for special district elections where an address is not available, the location of the property which entitles you to vote in this election? (6) Repealed. (7) If the person challenged answers satisfactorily the questions asked in accordance with this section, the election judge shall offer the person challenged a regular ballot, and the challenger may withdraw the challenge. The election judge shall indicate in the proper place on the challenge form whether the challenge was withdrawn or whether the challenged elector refused to answer the questions and left the polling location without voting a provisional ballot. (8) Only an election judge or election judge supervisor shall ask the questions required by this section and complete the form as required by subsection (7) of this section. If the challenger is an election judge or election judge supervisor, a different election judge or election judge supervisor shall ask the questions and complete the form as required by this section.

C.R.S. § 1-9-204 Oath of challenged elector

1-9-204. Oath of challenged elector. (Repealed)

C.R.S. § 1-9-205 Refusal to answer questions or take oath

1-9-205. Refusal to answer questions or take oath. (Repealed)

C.R.S. § 1-9-206 Challenges of absentee ballots

1-9-206. Challenges of absentee ballots. (Repealed)

C.R.S. § 1-9-207 Challenges of ballots cast by mail

1-9-207. Challenges of ballots cast by mail. (1) The ballot of any elector that has been cast by mail may be challenged using a challenge form signed by the challenger under penalty of perjury setting forth the name of the person challenged and the basis for the challenge. Challenged ballots, except those rejected for forgery of a deceased person's signature on a mail ballot affidavit or submission of multiple ballots, must be counted. The election judges shall forthwith deliver all challenges, together with the affidavits of the persons challenged, to the county clerk and recorder or designated election official, as applicable. (2) A mail ballot may not be challenged under this section solely on the basis of the signature that appears on the mail ballot. Signatures on mail ballots must be reviewed in accordance with section 1-7.5-107.3.

C.R.S. § 1-9-208 Challenges of provisional ballots

1-9-208. Challenges of provisional ballots. The ballot of any provisional voter may be challenged using a challenge form signed by the challenger under penalty of perjury setting forth the name of the person challenged and the basis for the challenge. Challenged provisional ballots, except those rejected for submission of multiple ballots, must be counted if the other requirements for counting provisional ballots are satisfied. The election judges shall deliver all challenges, together with the affidavits of the persons challenged, to the county clerk and recorder or the designated election official.

C.R.S. § 1-9-209 Challenges delivered to district attorney

1-9-209. Challenges delivered to district attorney. The county clerk and recorder or designated election official shall forthwith deliver a challenge that is not withdrawn, along with the affidavit of the elector on the mail-in, provisional ballot, or mail ballot return envelope, to the district attorney for investigation and action. When practicable, the district attorney shall complete the investigation within ten days after receiving the challenge.

C.R.S. § 1-9-210 Copy of challenge delivered to elector

1-9-210. Copy of challenge delivered to elector. When a challenge is made to a person who cast a mail ballot or provisional ballot and the person was not present at the time of the challenge, the county clerk and recorder or designated election official shall notify and mail a copy of the challenge to the person challenged in accordance with the rules of the secretary of state.

Source: Open US Law by Vaquill AI (CC BY 4.0)URL: https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-01.docxFetched: 10/6/2026