Actual fraud defined

N.D. Cent. Code § 9-03-08
in effect
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9-03-08. Actual fraud defined Actual fraud within the meaning of this title consists in any of the following acts committed by a party to the contract, or with the party's connivance, with intent to deceive another party thereto or to induce the other party to enter into the contract: 1. The suggestion as a fact of that which is not true by one who does not believe it to be true; 2. The positive assertion, in a manner not warranted by the information of the person making it, of that which is not true though that person believes it to be true; 3. The suppression of that which is true by one having knowledge or belief of the fact; 4. A promise made without any intention of performing it; or 5. Any other act fitted to deceive.
Source: Open US Law by Vaquill AI (CC BY 4.0)URL: https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t09c03.pdf#nameddest=9-03-08Fetched: 10/16/2026

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N.D. Cent. Code § 9-03-08 — Actual fraud defined | North Dakota Century Code (Aug. 2026 snapshot) | Corpus