Section 1223.
Cal. Evidence Code - EVID § 1223.
in effectEvidence of a statement offered against a party is not made inadmissible by the hearsay rule if:
(a)
The statement was made by the declarant while participating in a conspiracy to commit a crime or civil wrong and in furtherance of the objective of that conspiracy;
(b)
The statement was made prior to or during the time that the party was participating in that conspiracy; and
(c)
The evidence is offered either after admission of evidence sufficient to sustain a finding of the facts specified in subdivisions (a) and (b) or, in the court’s discretion as to the order of proof, subject to the admission of such evidence.
Source: CA Legislative Counsel Bulk DataURL: https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zipFetched: 6/27/2026