Mo. Rev. Stat. ch. 552

Mo. Rev. Stat. ch. 552
in effect

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 552.010 Mental disease or defect defined.

552.010. Mental disease or defect defined. — The terms "mental disease or defect" include congenital and traumatic mental conditions as well as disease. They do not include an abnormality manifested only by repeated criminal or otherwise antisocial conduct, whether or not such abnormality may be included under mental illness, mental disease or defect in some classifications of mental abnormality or disorder. The terms "mental disease or defect" do not include alcoholism without psychosis or drug abuse without psychosis or an abnormality manifested only by criminal sexual psychopathy as defined in section 202.700 , nor shall anything in this chapter be construed to repeal or modify the provisions of sections 202.700 to 202.770 . (L. 1963 p. 674 § 1, A.L. 1969 p. 572) (1965) This section's use of the term "mental disease or defect" was not intended to designate any specific form or forms or medical classification of mental disease, but merely means a mind sufficiently disordered to cause the results indicated. State v. Garrett (Mo.), 391 S.W.2d 235. (1975) Proper lay or medical testimony of drug addiction is admissible to show extenuating or mitigating circumstances during parole revocation. Reiter v. Camp (A.), 518 S.W.2d 82. (1978) Loss of memory due to physical injury prevented defendant from assisting in his defense and even though he understood proceedings against him, he could not be tried. State ex rel. Sisco v. Buford (Mo.), 559 S.W.2d 747.

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 552.015 Evidence of mental disease or defect, admissible, when.

552.015. Evidence of mental disease or defect, admissible, when. — 1. Evidence that the defendant did or did not suffer mental disease or defect shall not be admissible in a criminal prosecution except as provided in this section. 2. Evidence that the defendant did or did not suffer from a mental disease or defect shall be admissible in a criminal proceeding: (1) To determine whether the defendant lacks capacity to understand the proceedings against him or to assist in his own defense as provided in section 552.020 ; (2) To determine whether the defendant is criminally responsible as provided in section 552.030 ; (3) To determine whether a person committed to the director of the department of mental health pursuant to this chapter shall be released as provided in section 552.040 ; (4) To determine if a person in the custody of any correctional institution needs care in a mental hospital as provided in section 552.050 ; (5) To determine whether a person condemned to death shall be executed as provided in sections 552.060 and 552.070 ; (6) To determine whether or not the defendant, if found guilty, should be sentenced to death as provided in chapter 558 ; (7) To determine the appropriate disposition of a defendant, if guilty, as provided in sections 557.011 and 557.031 ; (8) To prove that the defendant did or did not have a state of mind which is an element of the offense; (9) To determine if the defendant, if found not guilty by reason of mental disease or defect, should be immediately conditionally released by the court under the provisions of section 552.040 to the community or committed to a mental health or developmental disability facility. This question shall not be asked regarding defendants charged with any of the dangerous felonies as defined in section 556.061 , or with those crimes set forth in subsection 11 * of section 552.040 , or the attempts thereof. (L. 1985 S.B. 265 § 552.090, A.L. 1994 S.B. 763, A.L. 2011 H.B. 555 merged with H.B. 648) *Subsection 11 of section 552.040 was renumbered to subsection 12 and the specific crimes were repealed by S.B. 884 & 841, 1996.

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 552.020 Lack of mental capacity bar to trial or conviction - psychiatric ...

552.020. Lack of mental capacity bar to trial or conviction — psychiatric examination, when, report of — plea of not guilty by reason of mental disease, supporting pretrial evaluation, conditions of release — commitment to hospital, when — procedure — statements of accused inadmissible, when. — 1. No person who as a result of mental disease or defect lacks capacity to understand the proceedings against him or her or to assist in his or her own defense shall be tried, convicted or sentenced for the commission of an offense so long as the incapacity endures. 2. Whenever any judge has reasonable cause to believe that the accused lacks mental fitness to proceed, the judge shall, upon his or her own motion or upon motion filed by the state or by or on behalf of the accused, by order of record, appoint one or more private psychiatrists or psychologists, as defined in section 632.005 , or physicians with a minimum of one year training or experience in providing treatment or services to persons with an intellectual disability or developmental disability or mental illness, who are neither employees nor contractors of the department of mental health for purposes of performing the examination in question, to examine the accused; or shall direct the director to have the accused so examined by one or more psychiatrists or psychologists, as defined in section 632.005 , or physicians with a minimum of one year training or experience in providing treatment or services to persons with an intellectual disability, developmental disability, or mental illness. The order shall direct that a written report or reports of such examination be filed with the clerk of the court. No private physician, psychiatrist, or psychologist shall be appointed by the court unless he or she has consented to act. The examinations ordered shall be made at such time and place and under such conditions as the court deems proper; except that, if the order directs the director of the department to have the accused examined, the director, or his or her designee, shall determine the time, place and conditions under which the examination shall be conducted. The order may include provisions for the interview of witnesses and may require the provision of police reports to the department for use in evaluations. The department shall establish standards and provide training for those individuals performing examinations pursuant to this section and section 552.030 . No individual who is employed by or contracts with the department shall be designated to perform an examination pursuant to this chapter unless the individual meets the qualifications so established by the department. Any examination performed pursuant to this subsection shall be completed and filed with the court within sixty days of the order unless the court for good cause orders otherwise. Nothing in this section or section 552.030 shall be construed to permit psychologists to engage in any activity not authorized by chapter 337 . One pretrial evaluation shall be provided at no charge to the defendant by the department. All costs of subsequent evaluations shall be assessed to the party requesting the evaluation. 3. A report of the examination made under this section shall include: (1) Detailed findings; (2) An opinion as to whether the accused has a mental disease or defect; (3) An opinion based upon a reasonable degree of medical or psychological certainty as to whether the accused, as a result of a mental disease or defect, lacks capacity to understand the proceedings against him or her or to assist in his or her own defense; (4) An opinion, if the accused is found to lack capacity to understand the proceedings against him or her or to assist in his or her own defense, as to whether there is a substantial probability that the accused will be mentally fit to proceed in the reasonably foreseeable future; (5) A recommendation as to whether the accused should be held in custody in a suitable hospital facility for treatment pending determination, by the court, of mental fitness to proceed; (6) A recommendation as to whether the accused, if found by the court to be mentally fit to proceed, should be detained in such hospital facility pending further proceedings; (7) A recommendation as to whether the accused, if found by the court to lack the mental fitness to proceed, should be committed to a suitable hospital facility for treatment to restore the mental fitness to proceed or if such treatment to restore the mental fitness to proceed can be provided in a county jail or other detention facility approved by the director or designee; and (8) A recommendation as to whether the accused, if found by the court to lack the mental fitness to proceed and the accused is not charged with a dangerous felony as defined in section 556.061 , murder in the first degree under section 565.020 , or rape in the second degree under section 566.031 , or the attempts thereof: (a) Should be committed to a suitable hospital facility; or (b) May be appropriately treated in the community; and (c) Is able to comply with bond conditions as set forth by the court and is able to comply with treatment conditions and requirements as set forth by the director of the department or his or her designee. 4. When the court determines that the accused can comply with the bond and treatment conditions as referenced in subsection 3 of this section, the court shall order that the accused remain on bond while receiving treatment until the case is disposed of as set forth by subsection 12 of this section. If, at any time, the court finds that the accused has failed to comply with the bond and treatment conditions, the court may order that the accused be taken into law enforcement custody until such time as a department inpatient bed is available to provide treatment. 5. If the accused has pleaded lack of responsibility due to mental disease or defect or has given the written notice provided in subsection 2 of section 552.030 , the court shall order the report of the examination conducted pursuant to this section to include, in addition to the information required in subsection 3 of this section, an opinion as to whether at the time of the alleged criminal conduct the accused, as a result of mental disease or defect, did not know or appreciate the nature, quality, or wrongfulness of his or her conduct or as a result of mental disease or defect was incapable of conforming his or her conduct to the requirements of law. A plea of not guilty by reason of mental disease or defect shall not be accepted by the court in the absence of any such pretrial evaluation which supports such a defense. In addition, if the accused has pleaded not guilty by reason of mental disease or defect, and the alleged crime is not a dangerous felony as defined in section 556.061 , or those crimes set forth in subsection 10 of section 552.040 , or the attempts thereof, the court shall order the report of the examination to include an opinion as to whether or not the accused should be immediately conditionally released by the court pursuant to the provisions of section 552.040 or should be committed to a mental health or developmental disability facility. If such an evaluation is conducted at the direction of the director of the department of mental health, the court shall also order the report of the examination to include an opinion as to the conditions of release which are consistent with the needs of the accused and the interest of public safety, including, but not limited to, the following factors: (1) Location and degree of necessary supervision of housing; (2) Location of and responsibilities for appropriate psychiatric, rehabilitation and aftercare services, including the frequency of such services; (3) Medication follow-up, including necessary testing to monitor medication compliance; (4) At least monthly contact with the department's forensic case monitor; (5) Any other conditions or supervision as may be warranted by the circumstances of the case. 6. If the report contains the recommendation that the accused should be committed to or held in a suitable hospital facility pending determination of the issue of mental fitness to proceed, and if the accused is not admitted to bail or released on other conditions, the court may order that the accused be committed to or held in a suitable hospital facility pending determination of the issue of mental fitness to proceed. 7. The clerk of the court shall deliver copies of the report to the prosecuting or circuit attorney and to the accused or his or her counsel. The report shall not be a public record or open to the public. Within ten days after the filing of the report, both the defendant and the state shall, upon written request, be entitled to an order granting them an examination of the accused by a psychiatrist or psychologist, as defined in section 632.005 , or a physician with a minimum of one year training or experience in providing treatment or services to persons with an intellectual disability or developmental disability or mental illness, of their own choosing and at their own expense. An examination performed pursuant to this subsection shall be completed and a report filed with the court within sixty days of the date it is received by the department or private psychiatrist, psychologist or physician unless the court, for good cause, orders otherwise. A copy shall be furnished the opposing party. 8. If neither the state nor the accused nor his or her counsel requests a second examination relative to fitness to proceed or contests the findings of the report referred to in subsections 2 and 3 of this section, the court shall make a determination and finding on the basis of the report filed or hold a hearing on its own motion. If any such opinion is contested, the court shall hold a hearing on the issue. The court shall determine the issue of mental fitness to proceed and may impanel a jury of six persons to assist in making the determination. The report or reports may be received in evidence at any hearing on the issue but the party contesting any opinion therein shall have the right to summon and to cross-examine the examiner who rendered such opinion and to offer evidence upon the issue. 9. At a hearing on the issue pursuant to subsection 8 of this section, the accused is presumed to have the mental fitness to proceed. The burden of proving that the accused does not have the mental fitness to proceed is by a preponderance of the evidence and the burden of going forward with the evidence is on the party raising the issue. The burden of going forward shall be on the state if the court raises the issue. 10. If the court determines that the accused lacks mental fitness to proceed, the criminal proceedings shall be suspended and the court shall commit him or her to the director of the department of mental health. The director of the department, or his or her designee, shall notify the court and the parties of the location and conditions for treatment. After the person has been committed, legal counsel for the department of mental health shall have standing to file motions and participate in hearings on the issue of involuntary medications. 11. Any person committed pursuant to subsection 10 of this section shall be entitled to the writ of habeas corpus upon proper petition to the court that committed him or her. The issue of the mental fitness to proceed after commitment under subsection 10 of this section may also be raised by a motion filed by the director of the department of mental health or by the state, alleging the mental fitness of the accused to proceed. A report relating to the issue of the accused's mental fitness to proceed may be attached thereto. When a motion to proceed is filed, legal counsel for the department of mental health shall have standing to participate in hearings on such motions. If the motion is not contested by the accused or his or her counsel or if after a hearing on a motion the court finds the accused mentally fit to proceed, or if he or she is ordered discharged from the director's custody upon a habeas corpus hearing, the criminal proceedings shall be resumed. 12. The following provisions shall apply after a commitment as provided in this section: (1) Six months after such commitment, the court which ordered the accused committed shall order an examination by the head of the facility in which the accused is committed, or a qualified designee, to ascertain whether the accused is mentally fit to proceed and if not, whether there is a substantial probability that the accused will attain the mental fitness to proceed to trial in the foreseeable future. The order shall direct that written report or reports of the examination be filed with the clerk of the court within thirty days and the clerk shall deliver copies to the prosecuting attorney or circuit attorney and to the accused or his or her counsel. The report required by this subsection shall conform to the requirements under subsection 3 of this section with the additional requirement that it include an opinion, if the accused lacks mental fitness to proceed, as to whether there is a substantial probability that the accused will attain the mental fitness to proceed in the foreseeable future; (2) Within ten days after the filing of the report, both the accused and the state shall, upon written request, be entitled to an order granting them an examination of the accused by a psychiatrist or psychologist, as defined in section 632.005 , or a physician with a minimum of one year training or experience in providing treatment or services to persons with an intellectual disability or developmental disability or mental illness, of their own choosing and at their own expense. An examination performed pursuant to this subdivision shall be completed and filed with the court within thirty days unless the court, for good cause, orders otherwise. A copy shall be furnished to the opposing party; (3) If neither the state nor the accused nor his or her counsel requests a second examination relative to fitness to proceed or contests the findings of the report referred to in subdivision (1) of this subsection, the court may make a determination and finding on the basis of the report filed, or may hold a hearing on its own motion. If any such opinion is contested, the court shall hold a hearing on the issue. The report or reports may be received in evidence at any hearing on the issue but the party contesting any opinion therein relative to fitness to proceed shall have the right to summon and to cross-examine the examiner who rendered such opinion and to offer evidence upon the issue; (4) If the accused is found mentally fit to proceed, the criminal proceedings shall be resumed; (5) If it is found that the accused lacks mental fitness to proceed but there is a substantial probability the accused will be mentally fit to proceed in the reasonably foreseeable future, the court shall continue such commitment for a period not longer than six months, after which the court shall reinstitute the proceedings required under subdivision (1) of this subsection; (6) If it is found that the accused lacks mental fitness to proceed and there is no substantial probability that the accused will be mentally fit to proceed in the reasonably foreseeable future, the court shall dismiss the charges without prejudice and the accused shall be discharged, but only if proper proceedings have been filed under chapter 632 or chapter 475 , in which case those sections and no others will be applicable. The probate division of the circuit court shall have concurrent jurisdiction over the accused upon the filing of a proper pleading to determine if the accused shall be involuntarily detained under chapter 632 , or to determine if the accused shall be declared incapacitated under chapter 475 , and approved for admission by the guardian under section 632.120 or 633.120 , to a mental health or developmental disability facility. When such proceedings are filed, the criminal charges shall be dismissed without prejudice if the court finds that the accused is mentally ill and should be committed or that he or she is incapacitated and should have a guardian appointed. The period of limitation on prosecuting any criminal offense shall be tolled during the period that the accused lacks mental fitness to proceed. 13. If the question of the accused's mental fitness to proceed was raised after a jury was impaneled to try the issues raised by a plea of not guilty and the court determines that the accused lacks the mental fitness to proceed or orders the accused committed for an examination pursuant to this section, the court may declare a mistrial. Declaration of a mistrial under these circumstances, or dismissal of the charges pursuant to subsection 12 of this section, does not constitute jeopardy, nor does it prohibit the trial, sentencing or execution of the accused for the same offense after he or she has been found restored to competency. 14. The result of any examinations made pursuant to this section shall not be a public record or open to the public. 15. No statement made by the accused in the course of any examination or treatment pursuant to this section and no information received by any examiner or other person in the course thereof, whether such examination or treatment was made with or without the consent of the accused or upon his or her motion or upon that of others, shall be admitted in evidence against the accused on the issue of guilt in any criminal proceeding then or thereafter pending in any court, state or federal. A finding by the court that the accused is mentally fit to proceed shall in no way prejudice the accused in a defense to the crime charged on the ground that at the time thereof he or she was afflicted with a mental disease or defect excluding responsibility, nor shall such finding by the court be introduced in evidence on that issue nor otherwise be brought to the notice of the jury. (L. 1963 p. 674 § 2, A.L. 1969 p. 572, A.L. 1971 S.B. 171, A.L. 1980 H.B. 1724, A.L. 1985 S.B. 265, A.L. 1994 S.B. 763, A.L. 1997 S.B. 56, A.L. 2011 H.B. 555 merged with H.B. 648, A.L. 2018 S.B. 660, A.L. 2023 S.B. 106) (1972) This section does not apply to post trial procedure. A conviction while defendant is legally incompetent violates due process. Brown v. State (Mo.), 485 S.W.2d 424. (1973) Held that pretrial psychiatric examination report became a record in the criminal proceeding and court could take judicial notice of its contents when considering a motion to vacate. State v. Conner (A.), 500 S.W.2d 300. (1976) Held, examination by osteopath who was not a "licensed psychiatrist" met the requirements of this section. State v. Mullen (A.), 532 S.W.2d 794. (1981) The accused, for the purpose of attempting to establish his partial responsibility or his diminished capacity, may introduce evidence obtained in the section 552.020 examination. State v. Strubberg (Mo.), 616 S.W.2d 809. (2019) Section only authorizes a circuit court to order the Department of Mental Health to conduct a psychiatric evaluation of a criminal defendant to determine whether the defendant is competent to stand trial or when the defendant intends to rely to the defense of not guilty by reason of insanity, rather than diminished capacity. Caruthers v. Wexler-Horn, 592 S.W.3d 328 (Mo.).

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 552.030 Mental disease or defect, not guilty plea based on - evidence - notice of ...

552.030. Mental disease or defect, not guilty plea based on — evidence — notice of defense — examination, reports confidential — statements not admissible, exception — presumption of competency — verdict contents — order of commitment to department. — 1. A person is not responsible for criminal conduct if, at the time of such conduct, as a result of mental disease or defect such person was incapable of knowing and appreciating the nature, quality, or wrongfulness of such person's conduct. 2. Evidence of mental disease or defect excluding responsibility shall not be admissible at trial of the accused unless the accused, at the time of entering such accused's plea to the charge, pleads not guilty by reason of mental disease or defect excluding responsibility, or unless within ten days after a plea of not guilty, or at such later date as the court may for good cause permit, the accused files a written notice of such accused's purpose to rely on such defense. Such a plea or notice shall not deprive the accused of other defenses. The state may accept a defense of mental disease or defect excluding responsibility, whether raised by plea or written notice, if the accused has no other defense and files a written notice to that effect. The state shall not accept a defense of mental disease or defect excluding responsibility in the absence of any pretrial evaluation as described in this section or section 552.020 . Upon the state's acceptance of the defense of mental disease or defect excluding responsibility, the court shall proceed to order the commitment of the accused as provided in section 552.040 in cases of persons acquitted on the ground of mental disease or defect excluding responsibility, and further proceedings shall be had regarding the confinement and release of the accused as provided in section 552.040 . 3. Whenever the accused has pleaded mental disease or defect excluding responsibility or has given the written notice provided in subsection 2 of this section, and such defense has not been accepted as provided in subsection 2 of this section, the court shall, after notice and upon motion of either the state or the accused, by order of record, appoint one or more private psychiatrists or psychologists, as defined in section 632.005 , or physicians with a minimum of one year training or experience in providing treatment or services to persons with an intellectual disability or developmental disability or mental illness, who are neither employees nor contractors of the department of mental health for purposes of performing the examination in question, to examine the accused, or shall direct the director of the department of mental health, or the director's designee, to have the accused so examined by one or more psychiatrists or psychologists, as defined in section 632.005 , or physicians with a minimum of one year training or experience in providing treatment or services to persons with an intellectual disability or developmental disability or mental illness designated by the director, or the director's designee, as qualified to perform examinations pursuant to this chapter. The order shall direct that written report or reports of such examination be filed with the clerk of the court. No private psychiatrist, psychologist, or physician shall be appointed by the court unless such psychiatrist, psychologist or physician has consented to act. The examinations ordered shall be made at such time and place and under such conditions as the court deems proper; except that, if the order directs the director of the department of mental health to have the accused examined, the director, or the director's designee, shall determine the time, place and conditions under which the examination shall be conducted. The order may include provisions for the interview of witnesses and may require the provision of police reports to the department for use in evaluation. If an examination provided in section 552.020 was made and the report of such examination included an opinion as to whether, at the time of the alleged criminal conduct, the accused, as a result of mental disease or defect, did not know or appreciate the nature, quality or wrongfulness of such accused's conduct or as a result of mental disease or defect was incapable of conforming such accused's conduct to the requirements of law, such report may be received in evidence, and no new examination shall be required by the court unless, in the discretion of the court, another examination is necessary. If an examination is ordered pursuant to this section, the report shall contain the information required in subsections 3 and 5 of section 552.020 . Within ten days after receiving a copy of such report, both the accused and the state shall, upon written request, be entitled to an order granting them an examination of the accused by an examiner of such accused's or its own choosing and at such accused's or its expense. The clerk of the court shall deliver copies of the report or reports to the prosecuting or circuit attorney and to the accused or his counsel. No reports required by this subsection shall be public records or be open to the public. Any examination performed pursuant to this subsection shall be completed and the results shall be filed with the court within sixty days of the date it is received by the department or private psychiatrist, psychologist or physician unless the court, for good cause, orders otherwise. 4. If the report contains the recommendation that the accused should be held in custody in a suitable hospital facility pending trial, and if the accused is not admitted to bail, or released on other conditions, the court may order that the accused be committed to or held in a suitable hospital facility pending trial. 5. No statement made by the accused in the course of any such examination and no information received by any physician or other person in the course thereof, whether such examination was made with or without the consent of the accused or upon the accused's motion or upon that of others, shall be admitted in evidence against the accused on the issue of whether the accused committed the act charged against the accused in any criminal proceeding then or thereafter pending in any court, state or federal. The statement or information shall be admissible in evidence for or against the accused only on the issue of the accused's mental condition, whether or not it would otherwise be deemed to be a privileged communication. If the statement or information is admitted for or against the accused on the issue of the accused's mental condition, the court shall, both orally at the time of its admission and later by instruction, inform the jury that it must not consider such statement or information as any evidence of whether the accused committed the act charged against the accused. 6. All persons are presumed to be free of mental disease or defect excluding responsibility for their conduct, whether or not previously adjudicated in this or any other state to be or to have been sexual or social psychopaths, or incompetent; provided, however, the court may admit evidence presented at such adjudication based on its probative value. The issue of whether any person had a mental disease or defect excluding responsibility for such person's conduct is one for the trier of fact to decide upon the introduction of substantial evidence of lack of such responsibility. But, in the absence of such evidence, the presumption shall be conclusive. Upon the introduction of substantial evidence of lack of such responsibility, the presumption shall not disappear and shall alone be sufficient to take that issue to the trier of fact. The jury shall be instructed as to the existence and nature of such presumption when requested by the state and, where the issue of such responsibility is one for the jury to decide, the jury shall be told that the burden rests upon the accused to show by a preponderance or greater weight of the credible evidence that the defendant was suffering from a mental disease or defect excluding responsibility at the time of the conduct charged against the defendant. At the request of the defense the jury shall be instructed by the court as to the contents of subsection 2 of section 552.040 . 7. When the accused is acquitted on the ground of mental disease or defect excluding responsibility, the verdict and the judgment shall so state as well as state the offense for which the accused was acquitted. The clerk of the court shall furnish a copy of any judgment or order of commitment to the department of mental health pursuant to this section to the criminal records central repository pursuant to section 43.503 . (L. 1963 p. 674 § 3, A.L. 1969 p. 572, A.L. 1980 H.B. 1724, A.L. 1985 S.B. 265, A.L. 1993 S.B. 180, A.L. 1994 S.B. 763, A.L. 1999 H.B. 328, A.L. 2011 H.B. 555 merged with H.B. 648, A.L. 2023 S.B. 106) (1969) The purpose of this section is to prevent the surprise use of the defense of insanity precluding adequate rebuttal by the prosecution. State v. Holmes (Mo.), 439 S.W.2d 518. (1973) Criminal defendant is presumed to be free of mental disease unless defendant introduces substantial evidence of lack of responsibility, whereupon the matter becomes one for the trier of facts. In absence of such evidence, the presumption is conclusive. State v. Bacon (A.), 501 S.W.2d 499. (1974) When the General Assembly adopted provisions of the Model Penal Code, it did so with the intention of adopting the accompanying interpretation thereof by the drafters of that provision. State v. Anderson (Mo. banc), 515 S.W.2d 534. (1981) Subsection 3 of section 552.030 is an exception to the general bar enunciated in 552.020 precluding use of statements made by the accused in the course of any examination or treatment on the issue of guilt. State v. Strubberg (Mo.), 616 S.W.2d 809. (1981) The accused, for the purpose of attempting to establish his partial responsibility or his diminished capacity, may introduce evidence obtained in the section 552.020 examination. State v. Strubberg (Mo.), 616 S.W.2d 809. (1981) The partial responsibility doctrine may not be used by a defendant to avoid all criminal responsibility for his acts; to expunge himself of all criminal responsibility by reason of a mental disease or defect, the defendant must plead not guilty by reason of mental disease or defect and must comply with all the conditions of the statute. State v. Strubberg (Mo.), 616 S.W.2d 809.

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 552.040 Acquittal based on mental disease or defect, commitment to state hospital ...

552.040. Acquittal based on mental disease or defect, commitment to state hospital required — definitions — immediate conditional release — conditional or unconditional release, when — prior commitment, authority to revoke — applications for release, notice, burden of persuasion, criteria — hearings required, when — denial, reapplication — escape, notice — additional criteria for release. — 1. For the purposes of this section, the following words mean: (1) "Prosecutor of the jurisdiction" , the prosecuting attorney in a county or the circuit attorney of a city not within a county; (2) "Secure facility" , a state mental health facility, state developmental disability facility, private facility under contract with the department of mental health, or a section within any of these facilities, in which persons committed to the department of mental health pursuant to this chapter shall not be permitted to move about the facility or section of the facility, nor to leave the facility or section of the facility, without approval by the head of the facility or such head's designee and adequate supervision consistent with the safety of the public and the person's treatment, habilitation or rehabilitation plan; (3) "Tried and acquitted" includes both pleas of mental disease or defect excluding responsibility that are accepted by the court and acquittals on the ground of mental disease or defect excluding responsibility following the proceedings set forth in section 552.030 . 2. When an accused is tried and acquitted on the ground of mental disease or defect excluding responsibility, the court shall order such person committed to the director of the department of mental health for custody. The court shall also order custody and care in a state mental health or intellectual disability facility unless an immediate conditional release is granted pursuant to this section. If the accused has not been charged with a dangerous felony as defined in section 556.061 , or with murder in the first degree pursuant to section 565.020 , or sexual assault pursuant to section 566.040 * , or the attempts thereof, and the examination contains an opinion that the accused should be immediately conditionally released to the community by the court, the court shall hold a hearing to determine if an immediate conditional release is appropriate pursuant to the procedures for conditional release set out in subsections 10 to 14 of this section. Prior to the hearing, the court shall direct the director of the department of mental health, or the director's designee, to have the accused examined to determine conditions of confinement in accordance with subsection 5 of section 552.020 . The provisions of subsection 16 of this section shall be applicable to defendants granted an immediate conditional release and the director shall honor the immediate conditional release as granted by the court. If the court determines that an immediate conditional release is warranted, the court shall order the person committed to the director of the department of mental health before ordering such a release. The court granting the immediate conditional release shall retain jurisdiction over the case for the duration of the conditional release. This shall not limit the authority of the director of the department of mental health or the director's designee to revoke the conditional release or the trial release of any committed person pursuant to subsection 17 of this section. If the accused is committed to a mental health or developmental disability facility, the director of the department of mental health, or the director's designee, shall determine the time, place and conditions of confinement. 3. The provisions of sections 630.110 , 630.115 , 630.130 , 630.133 , 630.135 , 630.140 , 630.145 , 630.150 , 630.180 , 630.183 , 630.192 , 630.194 , 630.196 , 630.198 , 630.805 , 632.370 , 632.395 , and 632.435 shall apply to persons committed pursuant to subsection 2 of this section. If the department does not have a treatment or rehabilitation program for a mental disease or defect of an individual, that fact may not be the basis for a release from commitment. Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, no person committed to the department of mental health who has been tried and acquitted by reason of mental disease or defect as provided in section 552.030 shall be conditionally or unconditionally released unless the procedures set out in this section are followed. Upon request by an indigent committed person, the appropriate court may appoint the office of the public defender to represent such person in any conditional or unconditional release proceeding under this section. 4. Notwithstanding section 630.115 , any person committed pursuant to subsection 2 of this section shall be kept in a secure facility until such time as a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order granting a conditional or unconditional release to a nonsecure facility. 5. The committed person or the head of the facility where the person is committed may file an application in the court that committed the person seeking an order releasing the committed person unconditionally; except that any person who has been denied an application for a conditional release pursuant to subsection 13 of this section shall not be eligible to file for an unconditional release until the expiration of one year from such denial. In the case of a person who was immediately conditionally released after being committed to the department of mental health, the released person or the director of the department of mental health, or the director's designee, may file an application in the same court that released the committed person seeking an order releasing the committed person unconditionally. Copies of the application shall be served personally or by certified mail upon the head of the facility unless the head of the facility files the application, the committed person unless the committed person files the application, or unless the committed person was immediately conditionally released, the director of the department of mental health, and the prosecutor of the jurisdiction where the committed person was tried and acquitted. Any party objecting to the proposed release must do so in writing within thirty days after service. Within a reasonable period of time after any written objection is filed, which period shall not exceed sixty days unless otherwise agreed upon by the parties, the court shall hold a hearing upon notice to the committed person, the head of the facility, if necessary, the director of the department of mental health, and the prosecutor of the jurisdiction where the person was tried. Prior to the hearing any of the parties, upon written application, shall be entitled to an examination of the committed person, by a psychiatrist or psychologist, as defined in section 632.005 , or a physician with a minimum of one year training or experience in providing treatment or services to intellectually disabled or mentally ill individuals of its own choosing and at its expense. The report of the mental condition of the committed person shall accompany the application. By agreement of all parties to the proceeding any report of the mental condition of the committed person which may accompany the application for release or which is filed in objection thereto may be received by evidence, but the party contesting any opinion therein shall have the right to summon and to cross-examine the examiner who rendered such opinion and to offer evidence upon the issue. 6. By agreement of all the parties and leave of court, the hearing may be waived, in which case an order granting an unconditional release shall be entered in accordance with subsection 8 of this section. 7. At a hearing to determine if the committed person should be unconditionally released, the court shall consider the following factors in addition to any other relevant evidence: (1) Whether or not the committed person presently has a mental disease or defect; (2) The nature of the offense for which the committed person was committed; (3) The committed person's behavior while confined in a mental health facility; (4) The elapsed time between the hearing and the last reported unlawful or dangerous act; (5) Whether the person has had conditional releases without incident; and (6) Whether the determination that the committed person is not dangerous to himself or others is dependent on the person's taking drugs, medicine or narcotics. The burden of persuasion for any person committed to a mental health facility under the provisions of this section upon acquittal on the grounds of mental disease or defect excluding responsibility shall be on the party seeking unconditional release to prove by clear and convincing evidence that the person for whom unconditional release is sought does not have, and in the reasonable future is not likely to have, a mental disease or defect rendering the person dangerous to the safety of himself or others. 8. The court shall enter an order either denying the application for unconditional release or granting an unconditional release. An order denying the application shall be without prejudice to the filing of another application after the expiration of one year from the denial of the last application. 9. No committed person shall be unconditionally released unless it is determined through the procedures in this section that the person does not have, and in the reasonable future is not likely to have, a mental disease or defect rendering the person dangerous to the safety of himself or others. 10. The committed person or the head of the facility where the person is committed may file an application in the court having probate jurisdiction over the facility where the person is detained for a hearing to determine whether the committed person shall be released conditionally. In the case of a person committed to a mental health facility upon acquittal on the grounds of mental disease or defect excluding responsibility for a dangerous felony as defined in section 556.061 , murder in the first degree pursuant to section 565.020 , or sexual assault pursuant to section 566.040 * , any such application shall be filed in the court that committed the person. In such cases, jurisdiction over the application for conditional release shall be in the committing court. In the case of a person who was immediately conditionally released after being committed to the department of mental health, the released person or the director of the department of mental health, or the director's designee, may file an application in the same court that released the person seeking to amend or modify the existing release. The procedures for application for unconditional releases set out in subsection 5 of this section shall apply, with the following additional requirements: (1) A copy of the application shall also be served upon the prosecutor of the jurisdiction where the person is being detained, unless the released person was immediately conditionally released after being committed to the department of mental health, or unless the application was required to be filed in the court that committed the person in which case a copy of the application shall be served upon the prosecutor of the jurisdiction where the person was tried and acquitted and the prosecutor of the jurisdiction into which the committed person is to be released; (2) The prosecutor of the jurisdiction where the person was tried and acquitted shall use their best efforts to notify the victims of dangerous felonies. Notification by the appropriate person or agency by certified mail to the most current address provided by the victim shall constitute compliance with the victim notification requirement of this section; (3) The application shall specify the conditions and duration of the proposed release; (4) The prosecutor of the jurisdiction where the person is being detained shall represent the public safety interest at the hearing unless the prosecutor of the jurisdiction where the person was tried and acquitted decides to appear to represent the public safety interest. If the application for release was required to be filed in the committing court, the prosecutor of the jurisdiction where the person was tried and acquitted shall represent the public safety interest. In the case of a person who was immediately conditionally released after being committed to the department of mental health, the prosecutor of the jurisdiction where the person was tried and acquitted shall appear and represent the public safety interest. 11. By agreement of all the parties, the hearing may be waived, in which case an order granting a conditional release, stating the conditions and duration agreed upon by all the parties and the court, shall be entered in accordance with subsection 13 of this section. 12. At a hearing to determine if the committed person should be conditionally released, the court shall consider the following factors in addition to any other relevant evidence: (1) The nature of the offense for which the committed person was committed; (2) The person's behavior while confined in a mental health facility; (3) The elapsed time between the hearing and the last reported unlawful or dangerous act; (4) The nature of the person's proposed release plan; (5) The presence or absence in the community of family or others willing to take responsibility to help the defendant adhere to the conditions of the release; and (6) Whether the person has had previous conditional releases without incident. The burden of persuasion for any person committed to a mental health facility under the provisions of this section upon acquittal on the grounds of mental disease or defect excluding responsibility shall be on the party seeking release to prove by clear and convincing evidence that the person for whom release is sought is not likely to be dangerous to others while on conditional release. 13. The court shall enter an order either denying the application for a conditional release or granting conditional release. An order denying the application shall be without prejudice to the filing of another application after the expiration of one year from the denial of the last application. 14. No committed person shall be conditionally released until it is determined that the committed person is not likely to be dangerous to others while on conditional release. 15. If, in the opinion of the head of a facility where a committed person is being detained, that person can be released without danger to others, that person may be released from the facility for a trial release of up to ninety-six hours under the following procedure: (1) The head of the facility where the person is committed shall notify the prosecutor of the jurisdiction where the committed person was tried and acquitted and the prosecutor of the jurisdiction into which the committed person is to be released at least thirty days before the date of the proposed trial release; (2) The notice shall specify the conditions and duration of the release; (3) If no prosecutor to whom notice is required objects to the trial release, the committed person shall be released according to conditions and duration specified in the notice; (4) If any prosecutor objects to the trial release, the head of the facility may file an application with the court having probate jurisdiction over the facility where the person is detained for a hearing under the procedures set out in subsections 5 and 10 of this section with the following additional requirements: (a) A copy of the application shall also be served upon the prosecutor of the jurisdiction into which the committed person is to be released; and (b) The prosecutor or prosecutors who objected to the trial release shall represent the public safety interest at the hearing; and (5) The release criteria of subsections 12 to 14 of this section shall apply at such a hearing. 16. The department shall provide or shall arrange for follow-up care and monitoring for all persons conditionally released under this section and shall make or arrange for reviews and visits with the client at least monthly, or more frequently as set out in the release plan, and whether the client is receiving care, treatment, habilitation or rehabilitation consistent with his needs, condition and public safety. The department shall identify the facilities, programs or specialized services operated or funded by the department which shall provide necessary levels of follow-up care, aftercare, rehabilitation or treatment to the persons in geographical areas where they are released. 17. The director of the department of mental health, or the director's designee, may revoke the conditional release or the trial release and request the return of the committed person if such director or coordinator has reasonable cause to believe that the person has violated the conditions of such release. If requested to do so by the director or coordinator, a peace officer of a jurisdiction in which a patient on conditional release is found shall apprehend and return such patient to the facility. No peace officer responsible for apprehending and returning the committed person to the facility upon the request of the director or coordinator shall be civilly liable for apprehending or transporting such patient to the facility so long as such duties were performed in good faith and without negligence. If a person on conditional release is returned to a facility under the provisions of this subsection, a hearing shall be held within ninety-six hours, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and state holidays, to determine whether the person violated the conditions of the release or whether resumption of full-time hospitalization is the least restrictive alternative consistent with the person's needs and public safety. The director of the department of mental health, or the director's designee, shall conduct the hearing. The person shall be given notice at least twenty-four hours in advance of the hearing and shall have the right to have an advocate present. 18. At any time during the period of a conditional release or trial release, the court which ordered the release may issue a notice to the released person to appear to answer a charge of a violation of the terms of the release and the court may issue a warrant of arrest for the violation. Such notice shall be personally served upon the released person. The warrant shall authorize the return of the released person to the custody of the court or to the custody of the director of mental health or the director's designee. 19. The head of a mental health facility, upon any notice that a committed person has escaped confinement, or left the facility or its grounds without authorization, shall immediately notify the prosecutor and sheriff of the county wherein the committed person is detained of the escape or unauthorized leaving of grounds and the prosecutor and sheriff of the county where the person was tried and acquitted. 20. Any person committed to a mental health facility under the provisions of this section upon acquittal on the grounds of mental disease or defect excluding responsibility for a dangerous felony as defined in section 556.061 , murder in the first degree pursuant to section 565.020 , or sexual assault pursuant to section 566.040 * shall not be eligible for conditional or unconditional release under the provisions of this section unless, in addition to the requirements of this section, the court finds that the following criteria are met: (1) Such person is not now and is not likely in the reasonable future to commit another violent crime against another person because of such person's mental illness; and (2) Such person is aware of the nature of the violent crime committed against another person and presently possesses the capacity to appreciate the criminality of the violent crime against another person and the capacity to conform such person's conduct to the requirements of law in the future. (L. 1963 p. 674 § 4, A.L. 1969 p. 572, A.L. 1980 H.B. 1724, A.L. 1985 S.B. 265, A.L. 1986 S.B. 618 & 562, A.L. 1991 H.B. 568, A.L. 1994 S.B. 763, A.L. 1996 S.B. 884 & 841, A.L. 1999 H.B. 327, A.L. 2011 H.B. 555 merged with H.B. 648, A.L. 2014 H.B. 1064, A.L. 2023 S.B. 106) *Section 566.040 was transferred to 566.031 in 2013. (1965) Petitioner confined in mental institution must resort to statutory procedure for judicial review of his existing mental condition before seeking federal habeas corpus. Cyronne DeVirgin v. State of Missouri, 341 F.2d 568. (1974) Held that court must be satisfied that applicant poses no danger to himself or others and that cure of mental problem had at time of commitment does not necessarily guarantee that another dangerous mental problem does not exist. A psychiatrist opinion alone is not conclusive. State v. Montague (A.), 510 S.W.2d 776. (1977) Release under this section is solely on patient's mental condition and potential dangerousness. The fact that the patient can be given no further beneficial treatment does not of itself justify release. State v. Davee (A.), 558 S.W.2d 335. (1991) Although statute permitted person confined to Missouri state hospital to reapply for release every one hundred eighty days, petitioner was not required to reapply for release from state hospital continually and appeal every denial in order to satisfy exhaustion requirements for federal habeas corpus relief. Kolocotronis v. Holcomb, 925 F.2d 278 (8th Cir.). (1994) It is constitutionally permissible to place burden of proof on insanity acquittee seeking release to prove that he or she is no longer suffering from mental disease or defect rendering him or her dangerous to the safety of self or others. Trial court erred in finding section unconstitutional for placing the burden of persuasion upon the person seeking release. Styles v. State, 877 S.W.2d 113 (Mo.banc).

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 552.043 Hearings open to public.

552.043. Hearings open to public. — All hearings held pursuant to the provisions of section 552.040 shall be open to the public. (L. 1994 S.B. 763)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 552.045 Transcript of proceedings and preliminary letter to institution, when.

552.045. Transcript of proceedings and preliminary letter to institution, when. — 1. Whenever the court commits to a state institution for observation or detention the person afflicted with a mental disease or defect under authority of this chapter, the court shall also order a transcript of all, or any part, of the evidence or oral proceedings in the case to be given to the institution and the expense to be paid as authorized by section 485.100 * . 2. Whenever the court orders a person committed to a state institution for observation or detention under this chapter, an appropriate preliminary letter shall accompany the commitment order containing sufficient information to enable the institution to detain properly and to start preliminary evaluation of the committed person. 3. The preliminary letter shall include, if available, the following: (1) A statement of the person's family and occupational status, past delinquency and criminal records; (2) A summary of the facts surrounding the alleged crime, including reports of police investigation, if such document exists, a statement of his behavior while under arrest; and (3) An opinion as to whether he has a violent nature and what degree of security detention seems appropriate. (L. 1965 p. 668) *Transferred 2000; now 488.2250

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 552.050 Mental illness during service of sentence, proceedings relating thereto.

552.050. Mental illness during service of sentence, proceedings relating thereto. — 1. If the chief administrative officer of any correctional facility has reasonable cause to believe that any offender needs care in a mental hospital, he or she shall so certify to the division of classification and treatment, which shall then transfer the offender to a state mental hospital for custody, care and treatment. The hospital may detain and treat the offender for a period of time not to exceed ninety-six hours. At the expiration of the ninety-six hours, the offender shall be returned to a correctional facility designated by the department of corrections unless the individual admits himself or herself as a voluntary patient or the head of the facility files for involuntary detention and treatment pursuant to chapter 632 . The petition filed pursuant to section 632.330 shall be filed in the court having probate jurisdiction over the mental health facility in which the offender is being detained. The offender shall have the rights afforded respondents in sections 632.330 and 632.335 , except that at the conclusion of the hearing on the petition the court may order the offender detained for a period of time not to exceed ninety days. At the expiration of the ninety-day commitment period ordered by the court, the offender may be detained and treated involuntarily for up to an additional one year under sections 632.355 and 632.360 . 2. When an offender needs care in a mental hospital and is committed or transferred to a state mental hospital, the time spent at the mental hospital shall be calculated as a part of the sentence imposed upon him or her whether the sentence is an indeterminate one or for a definite period of time. The time spent at the mental hospital shall be deducted from the term of the sentence. 3. When an offender who has been transferred from a correctional facility to a state mental hospital recovers before the expiration of his or her sentence, the superintendent of the hospital shall so certify in writing to the division of classification and treatment. He or she shall thereupon be transferred to such correctional facility as the department may direct. 4. An offender who has been committed to or transferred to a state mental hospital and is still mentally ill at the expiration of his or her sentence may be discharged and delivered to any person who is able and willing to maintain him or her comfortably and to the satisfaction of the superintendent of the hospital, if, in the opinion of the superintendent, it is reasonably safe for the person to be at large. Before discharging the offender the superintendent shall receive verification of the expiration of the offender's sentence from the director of corrections. The person so discharged may, in the discretion of the superintendent, be provided with the whole or a portion of the allowances granted to discharged prisoners by section 217.285 . The cost of such allowance shall be paid from the same funds as are allowances granted to persons discharged directly from a correctional facility. 5. When the term of an offender who has been committed or transferred to a state mental hospital has expired and the person, in the opinion of the hospital superintendent, is still in need of care in a mental hospital and for the welfare and safety of himself or herself or others should remain in the hospital for custody, care and treatment, he or she shall be retained in the hospital only if proper involuntary detention proceedings have been instituted and held as provided in chapter 632 . Thereafter this chapter and no other shall be applicable to his or her continued hospitalization and discharge. (L. 1963 p. 674 § 5, A.L. 1971 S.B. 171, A.L. 1980 H.B. 1724, A.L. 1983 H.B. 713 Revision, A.L. 1990 H.B. 974, A.L. 2023 S.B. 106)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 552.060 Mental disease or defect upon sentence to death.

552.060. Mental disease or defect upon sentence to death. — 1. No person condemned to death shall be executed if as a result of mental disease or defect he lacks capacity to understand the nature and purpose of the punishment about to be imposed upon him or matters in extenuation, arguments for executive clemency or reasons why the sentence should not be carried out. 2. If the director of the department of corrections has reasonable cause to believe that any inmate then in confinement in a correctional facility and sentenced to death has a mental disease or defect excluding fitness for execution, he shall immediately notify the governor who shall forthwith order a stay of execution of the sentence if there is not sufficient time between such notification and time of execution for a determination of the mental condition of such person to be made in accordance with the provisions of this section without such stay. The director shall also, as soon as reasonably possible, notify the director of the department of mental health and the prosecuting or circuit attorney of the county where the defendant was tried, the attorney general and the circuit court of the county where the correctional facility is located. 3. As soon as reasonably possible, after the notification prescribed in subsection 2 of this section, the circuit court of the county shall conduct an inquiry into the mental condition of the offender after first granting any of the parties entitled to notification an examination by a physician of their own choosing on proper application made within five days of such notification. 4. If the court, after such inquiry, certifies to the governor and to the director that the prisoner does not have a mental disease or defect of the type referred to in subsection 1 of this section, the governor shall fix a new date for the execution, if a stay of execution had previously been made, and shall issue a warrant for the new execution date to the chief administrative officer of the correctional facility, who shall then proceed with the execution as ordered. If the court, after such inquiry, certifies to the governor and to the director that the prisoner has a mental disease or defect of the type referred to in subsection 1 of this section, the offender shall not be executed but shall be held in the correctional facility subject to transfer to a mental hospital and further proceedings under section 552.050 if the provisions of section 552.050 are applicable. If any offender who has not been executed because of any certification by the director as herein provided is thereafter certified by the director as free of a mental disease or defect of the type referred to in subsection 1 of this section, the governor shall fix a new date for the execution and shall issue a warrant for the new execution date to the chief administrative officer of the correctional facility, who shall then take charge and custody of the offender and proceed with the execution as ordered in the warrant. 5. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to limit the governor or any court in the exercise of any of their powers in any other manner under the law or Constitution of Missouri. (L. 1963 p. 674 § 6, A.L. 1989 H.B. 408)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 552.070 Power of governor to grant reprieves, commutations and pardons.

552.070. Power of governor to grant reprieves, commutations and pardons. — In the exercise of his powers under Article IV, Section 7 of the Constitution of Missouri to grant reprieves, commutations and pardons after conviction, the governor may, in his discretion, appoint a board of inquiry whose duty it shall be to gather information, whether or not admissible in a court of law, bearing upon whether or not a person condemned to death should be executed or reprieved or pardoned, or whether the person's sentence should be commuted. It is the duty of all persons and institutions to give information and assistance to the board, members of which shall serve without remuneration. Such board shall make its report and recommendations to the governor. All information gathered by the board shall be received and held by it and the governor in strict confidence. (L. 1963 p. 674 § 7) (2000) Appointment of board of inquiry is within the Governor's sole discretion; an inmate has no due process right to such an appointment. Roll v. Carnahan, 225 F.3d 1016 (8th Cir.).

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 552.080 Court costs, examination fees, care and treatment, transportation, how paid.

552.080. Court costs, examination fees, care and treatment, transportation, how paid. — 1. Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, the court in which the proceedings are pending shall, upon application and approval, order the payment of or tax as costs the following expenses and fees, which in each case shall be reasonable, and so found by the court: (1) Expenses and fees for examinations, reports and expert testimony of private psychiatrists who are neither employees nor contractors of the department of mental health for purposes of performing such services and who are appointed by the court to examine the accused under sections 552.020 and 552.030 ; (2) The expenses of conveying any prisoner from a jail to a facility of the department of mental health and the expense of returning him to a jail under the provisions of section 552.020 , 552.030 , 552.040 or 552.050 . Such expenses and fees shall be paid, no matter how taxed as costs or collected, by the state, county or defendant, when liable for such costs under the provisions of chapter 550 . Such order may be made at any time before or after the final disposition of the case and whether or not the accused is convicted or sentenced to the custody of the division of corrections or county jail, as the case may be, or placed upon probation or granted parole. 2. The expenses and fees provided in subsection 1 of this section may be levied and collected under execution; except that, if the state or county has by inadvertence or mistake paid expenses or fees as provided in subsection 1 of this section, the political entity having made such a mistake or inadvertent payment shall be entitled to recover the same from the entity responsible for such payment. 3. If a person is ordered held or hospitalized by the director of the department of mental health or in one of the facilities of the department of mental health pursuant to the following provisions, the liability for hospitalization shall be paid by the person, his estate or those responsible for his support in accordance with chapter 630 : (1) Following determination of lack of mental fitness to proceed under subsection 8 of section 552.020 ; (2) Following acquittal because of lack of responsibility due to mental disease or defect under section 552.030 , and subsequent order of commitment to the director of the department of mental health under section 552.040 . 4. The method of collecting the costs and expenses herein provided or otherwise incurred in connection with the custody, examination, trial, transportation or treatment of any person accused or convicted of any offense shall not be exclusive and same may be collected in any other manner provided by law. (L. 1963 p. 674 § 8, A.L. 1969 p. 572, A.L. 1971 S.B. 163, A.L. 1980 H.B. 1724, A.L. 2023 S.B. 106)
Source: Open US Law by Vaquill AI (CC BY 4.0)URL: https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneChapter.aspx?chapter=552Fetched: 10/17/2026