USC Subchapter VIII

in effect

42 U.S.C. § 1001 Basic entitlement to benefits

Every individual who is a qualified individual under section 1002 of this title shall, in accordance with and subject to the provisions of this subchapter, be entitled to a monthly benefit paid by the Commissioner of Social Security for each month after September 2000 (or such earlier month, if the Commissioner determines is administratively feasible) the individual resides outside the United States.

42 U.S.C. § 1002 Qualified individuals

Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, an individual— (1) who has attained the age of 65 on or before December 14, 1999; (2) who is a World War II veteran; (3) who is eligible for a supplemental security income benefit under subchapter XVI for—(A) the month in which this subchapter is enacted; and (B) the month in which the individual files an application for benefits under this subchapter; (4) whose total benefit income is less than 75 percent of the Federal benefit rate under subchapter XVI; (5) who has filed an application for benefits under this subchapter; and (6) who is in compliance with all requirements imposed by the Commissioner of Social Security under this subchapter, shall be a qualified individual for purposes of this subchapter.

42 U.S.C. § 1003 Residence outside the United States

For purposes of section 1001 of this title, with respect to any month, an individual shall be regarded as residing outside the United States if, on the first day of the month, the individual so resides outside the United States.

42 U.S.C. § 1004 Disqualifications

(a) In generalNotwithstanding section 1002 of this title, an individual may not be a qualified individual for any month—(1) that begins after the month in which the Commissioner of Social Security is notified by the Attorney General that the individual has been removed from the United States pursuant to section 1227(a) or 1182(a)(6)(A) of title 8 and before the month in which the individual is lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence; (2) during any part of which the individual is fleeing to avoid prosecution, or custody or confinement after conviction, under the laws of the United States or the jurisdiction within the United States from which the person has fled, for a crime, or an attempt to commit a crime, that is a felony under the laws of the place from which the individual has fled, or, in jurisdictions that do not define crimes as felonies, is punishable by death or imprisonment for a term exceeding 1 year regardless of the actual sentence imposed; (3) during any part of which the individual violates a condition of probation or parole imposed under Federal or State law; or (4) during which the individual resides in a foreign country and is not a citizen or national of the United States if payments for such month to individuals residing in such country are withheld by the Treasury Department under section 3329 of title 31. (b) Requirement for Attorney GeneralFor the purpose of carrying out subsection (a)(1), the Attorney General shall notify the Commissioner of Social Security as soon as practicable after the removal of any individual under section 1227(a) or 1182(a)(6)(A) of title 8.

42 U.S.C. § 1005 Benefit amount

The benefit under this subchapter payable to a qualified individual for any month shall be in an amount equal to 75 percent of the Federal benefit rate under subchapter XVI for the month, reduced by the amount of the qualified individual’s benefit income for the month.

42 U.S.C. § 1006 Applications and furnishing of information

(a) In generalThe Commissioner of Social Security shall, subject to subsection (b), prescribe such requirements with respect to the filing of applications, the furnishing of information and other material, and the reporting of events and changes in circumstances, as may be necessary for the effective and efficient administration of this subchapter. (b) Verification requirementThe requirements prescribed by the Commissioner of Social Security under subsection (a) shall preclude any determination of entitlement to benefits under this subchapter solely on the basis of declarations by the individual concerning qualifications or other material facts, and shall provide for verification of material information from independent or collateral sources, and the procurement of additional information as necessary in order to ensure that the benefits are provided only to qualified individuals (or their representative payees) in correct amounts.

42 U.S.C. § 1007 Representative payees

(a) In generalIf the Commissioner of Social Security determines that the interest of any qualified individual under this subchapter would be served thereby, payment of the qualified individual’s benefit under this subchapter may be made, regardless of the legal competency or incompetency of the qualified individual, either directly to the qualified individual, or for his or her use and benefit, to another person (the meaning of which term, for purposes of this section, includes an organization) with respect to whom the requirements of subsection (b) have been met (in this section referred to as the qualified individual’s “representative payee”). If the Commissioner of Social Security determines that a representative payee has misused any benefit paid to the representative payee pursuant to this section, 405(j) of this title, or section 1383(a)(2) of this title, the Commissioner of Social Security shall promptly revoke the person’s designation as the qualified individual’s representative payee under this subsection, and shall make payment to an alternative representative payee or, if the interest of the qualified individual under this subchapter would be served thereby, to the qualified individual. (b) Examination of fitness of prospective representative payee(1) Any determination under subsection (a) to pay the benefits of a qualified individual to a representative payee shall be made on the basis of—(A) an investigation by the Commissioner of Social Security of the person to serve as representative payee, which shall be conducted in advance of the determination and shall, to the extent practicable, include a face-to-face interview with the person (or, in the case of an organization, a representative of the organization); and (B) adequate evidence that the arrangement is in the interest of the qualified individual. (2) As part of the investigation referred to in paragraph (1), the Commissioner of Social Security shall—(A) require the person being investigated to submit documented proof of the identity of the person; (B) in the case of a person who has a social security account number issued for purposes of the program under subchapter II or an employer identification number issued for purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, verify the number; (C) determine whether the person has been convicted of a violation of section 408, 1011, or 1383a of this title; (D) obtain information concerning whether such person has been convicted of any other offense under Federal or State law which resulted in imprisonment for more than 1 year; (E) obtain information concerning whether such person is a person described in section 1004(a)(2) of this title; (F) determine whether payment of benefits to the person in the capacity as representative payee has been revoked or terminated pursuant to this section, section 405(j) of this title, or section 1383(a)(2)(A)(iii) of this title by reason of misuse of funds paid as benefits under this subchapter, subchapter II, or XVI, respectively, and (G) determine whether such person has been convicted (and not subsequently exonerated), under Federal or State law, of a felony provided under paragraph (4), or of an attempt or a conspiracy to commit such a felony. (3) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 552a of title 5 or any other provision of Federal or State law (other than section 6103 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and section 1306(c) of this title), the Commissioner shall furnish any Federal, State, or local law enforcement officer, upon the written request of the officer, with the current address, social security account number, and photograph (if applicable) of any person investigated under this subsection, if the officer furnishes the Commissioner with the name of such person and such other identifying information as may reasonably be required by the Commissioner to establish the unique identity of such person, and notifies the Commissioner that—(A) such person is described in section 1004(a)(2) of this title, (B) such person has information that is necessary for the officer to conduct the officer’s official duties, and (C) the location or apprehension of such person is within the officer’s official duties. (4) The felony crimes provided under this paragraph, whether an offense under State or Federal law, are the following:(A) Human trafficking, including as prohibited under sections 1590 and 1591 of title 18. (B) False imprisonment, including as prohibited under section 1201 of title 18. (C) Kidnapping, including as prohibited under section 1201 of title 18. (D) Rape and sexual assault, including as prohibited under sections 2241, 2242, 2243, and 2244 of title 18. (E) First-degree homicide, including as prohibited under section 1111 of title 18. (F) Robbery, including as prohibited under section 2111 of title 18. (G) Fraud to obtain access to government assistance, including as prohibited under sections 287, 1001, and 1343 of title 18. (H) Fraud by scheme, including as prohibited under section 1343 of title 18. (I) Theft of government funds or property, including as prohibited under section 641 of title 18. (J) Abuse or neglect, including as prohibited under sections 111, 113, 114, 115, 116, or 117 of title 18. (K) Forgery, including as prohibited under section 642 and chapter 25 (except section 512) of title 18. (L) Identity theft or identity fraud, including as prohibited under sections 1028 and 1028A of title 18. The Commissioner of Social Security may promulgate regulations to provide for additional felony crimes under this clause. (5)(A) For the purpose of carrying out the activities required under paragraph (2) as part of the investigation under paragraph (1)(A), the Commissioner may conduct a background check of any individual seeking to serve as a representative payee under this subsection and may disqualify from service as a representative payee any such individual who fails to grant permission for the Commissioner to conduct such a background check. (B) The Commissioner may revoke certification of payment of benefits under this subsection to any individual serving as a representative payee on or after January 1, 2019 who fails to grant permission for the Commissioner to conduct such a background check. (c) Requirement for maintaining lists of undesirable payeesThe Commissioner of Social Security shall establish and maintain lists which shall be updated periodically and which shall be in a form that renders such lists available to the servicing offices of the Social Security Administration. The lists shall consist of—(1) the names and (if issued) social security account numbers or employer identification numbers of all persons with respect to whom, in the capacity of representative payee, the payment of benefits has been revoked or terminated under this section, section 405(j) of this title, or section 1383(a)(2)(A)(iii) of this title by reason of misuse of funds paid as benefits under this subchapter, subchapter II, or XVI, respectively; and (2) the names and (if issued) social security account numbers or employer identification numbers of all persons who have been convicted of a violation of section 408, 1011, or 1383a of this title. (d) Persons ineligible to serve as representative payees(1) In generalThe benefits of a qualified individual may not be paid to any other person pursuant to this section if—(A) the person has been convicted of a violation of section 408, 1011, or 1383a of this title; (B) except as provided in paragraph (2), payment of benefits to the person in the capacity of representative payee has been revoked or terminated under this section, section 405(j) of this title, or section 1383(a)(2)(A)(ii) 11 So in original. Probably should be “1383(a)(2)(A)(iii)”. of this title by reason of misuse of funds paid as benefits under this subchapter, subchapter II, or subchapter XVI, respectively; (C) except as provided in paragraph (2)(B), the person is a creditor of the qualified individual and provides the qualified individual with goods or services for consideration; (D) such person has previously been convicted as described in subsection (b)(2)(D), unless the Commissioner determines that such payment would be appropriate notwithstanding such conviction; (E) such person is a person described in section 1004(a)(2) of this title, (F) except as provided in paragraph (2)(D), such person has previously been convicted (and not subsequently exonerated) as described in subsection (b)(2)(G), or (G) such person’s benefits under this subchapter, subchapter II, or subchapter XVI are certified for payment to a representative payee during the period for which the individual’s benefits would be certified for payment to another person. (2) Exemptions(A) The Commissioner of Social Security may prescribe circumstances under which the Commissioner of Social Security may grant an exemption from paragraph (1) to any person on a case-by-case basis if the exemption is in the best interest of the qualified individual whose benefits would be paid to the person pursuant to this section. (B) Paragraph (1)(C) shall not apply with respect to any person who is a creditor referred to in such paragraph if the creditor is—(i) a relative of the qualified individual and the relative resides in the same household as the qualified individual; (ii) a legal guardian or legal representative of the individual; (iii) a facility that is licensed or certified as a care facility under the law of the political jurisdiction in which the qualified individual resides; (iv) a person who is an administrator, owner, or employee of a facility referred to in clause (iii), if the qualified individual resides in the facility, and the payment to the facility or the person is made only after the Commissioner of Social Security has made a good faith effort to locate an alternative representative payee to whom payment would serve the best interests of the qualified individual; or (v) a person who is determined by the Commissioner of Social Security, on the basis of written findings and pursuant to procedures prescribed by the Commissioner of Social Security, to be acceptable to serve as a representative payee. (C) The procedures referred to in subparagraph (B)(v) shall require the person who will serve as representative payee to establish, to the satisfaction of the Commissioner of Social Security, that—(i) the person poses no risk to the qualified individual; (ii) the financial relationship of the person to the qualified individual poses no substantial conflict of interest; and (iii) no other more suitable representative payee can be found. (D)(i) With respect to any person described in clause (II)—(I) subsection (b)(2)(G) shall not apply; and (II) the Commissioner may grant an exemption from the provisions of paragraph (1)(F) if the Commissioner determines that such exemption is in the best interest of the individual entitled to benefits. (ii) A person is described in this clause if the person—(I) is the custodial spouse of the beneficiary for whom the person applies to serve; (II) is the custodial court appointed guardian of the beneficiary for whom the person applies to serve; or (III) received a presidential or gubernatorial pardon for the relevant conviction. (e) Deferral of payment pending appointment of representative payee(1) In generalSubject to paragraph (2), if the Commissioner of Social Security makes a determination described in the first sentence of subsection (a) with respect to any qualified individual’s benefit and determines that direct payment of the benefit to the qualified individual would cause substantial harm to the qualified individual, the Commissioner of Social Security may defer (in the case of initial entitlement) or suspend (in the case of existing entitlement) direct payment of the benefit to the qualified individual, until such time as the selection of a representative payee is made pursuant to this section. (2) Time limitation(A) In generalExcept as provided in subparagraph (B), any deferral or suspension of direct payment of a benefit pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be for a period of not more than 1 month. (B) Exception in the case of incompetencySubparagraph (A) shall not apply in any case in which the qualified individual is, as of the date of the Commissioner of Social Security’s determination, legally incompetent under the laws of the jurisdiction in which the individual resides. (3) Payment of retroactive benefitsPayment of any benefits which are deferred or suspended pending the selection of a representative payee shall be made to the qualified individual or the representative payee as a single sum or over such period of time as the Commissioner of Social Security determines is in the best interest of the qualified individual. (f) HearingAny qualified individual who is dissatisfied with a determination by the Commissioner of Social Security to make payment of the qualified individual’s benefit to a representative payee under subsection (a) of this section or with the designation of a particular person to serve as representative payee shall be entitled to a hearing by the Commissioner of Social Security to the same extent as is provided in section 1009(a) of this title, and to judicial review of the Commissioner of Social Security’s final decision as is provided in section 1009(b) of this title. (g) Notice requirements(1) In generalIn advance, to the extent practicable, of the payment of a qualified individual’s benefit to a representative payee under subsection (a), the Commissioner of Social Security shall provide written notice of the Commissioner’s initial determination to so make the payment. The notice shall be provided to the qualified individual, except that, if the qualified individual is legally incompetent, then the notice shall be provided solely to the legal guardian or legal representative of the qualified individual. (2) Specific requirementsAny notice required by paragraph (1) shall be clearly written in language that is easily understandable to the reader, shall identify the person to be designated as the qualified individual’s representative payee, and shall explain to the reader the right under subsection (f) of the qualified individual or of the qualified individual’s legal guardian or legal representative—(A) to appeal a determination that a representative payee is necessary for the qualified individual; (B) to appeal the designation of a particular person to serve as the representative payee of the qualified individual; and (C) to review the evidence upon which the designation is based and to submit additional evidence. (h) Accountability monitoring(1) In generalIn any case where payment under this subchapter is made to a person other than the qualified individual entitled to the payment, the Commissioner of Social Security shall establish a system of accountability monitoring under which the person shall report not less often than annually with respect to the use of the payments. The Commissioner of Social Security shall establish and implement statistically valid procedures for reviewing the reports in order to identify instances in which persons are not properly using the payments. (2) Special reportsNotwithstanding paragraph (1), the Commissioner of Social Security may require a report at any time from any person receiving payments on behalf of a qualified individual, if the Commissioner of Social Security has reason to believe that the person receiving the payments is misusing the payments. (3) Eligibility for exemption(A) Paragraph (1) shall not apply in any case where the other person to whom such payment is made is the spouse of the individual entitled to such payment. (B) The Commissioner of Social Security shall establish and implement procedures as necessary for the Commissioner to determine the eligibility of such parties for the exemption provided in subparagraph (A). The Commissioner shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to determine eligibility for such exemption. (4) Authority to redirect delivery of benefit payments when a representative payee fails to provide required accountingIn any case in which the person described in paragraph (1) or (2) receiving benefit payments on behalf of a qualified individual fails to submit a report required by the Commissioner of Social Security under paragraph (1) or (2), the Commissioner may, after furnishing notice to such person and the qualified individual, require that such person appear in person at a United States Government facility designated by the Social Security Administration as serving the area in which the qualified individual resides in order to receive such benefit payments. (5) Maintaining lists of payeesThe Commissioner of Social Security shall maintain lists which shall be updated periodically of—(A) the name, address, and (if issued) the social security account number or employer identification number of each representative payee who is receiving benefit payments pursuant to this section, section 405(j) of this title, or section 1383(a)(2) of this title; and (B) the name, address, and social security account number of each individual for whom each representative payee is reported to be providing services as representative payee pursuant to this section, section 405(j) of this title, or section 1383(a)(2) of this title. (6) Maintaining lists of agenciesThe Commissioner of Social Security shall maintain lists, which shall be updated periodically, of public agencies and community-based nonprofit social service agencies which are qualified to serve as representative payees pursuant to this section and which are located in the jurisdiction in which any qualified individual resides. (i) RestitutionIn any case where the negligent failure of the Commissioner of Social Security to investigate or monitor a representative payee results in misuse of benefits by the representative payee, the Commissioner of Social Security shall make payment to the qualified individual or the individual’s alternative representative payee of an amount equal to the misused benefits. In any case in which a representative payee that—(A) is not an individual; or (B) is an individual who, for any month during a period when misuse occurs, serves 15 or more individuals who are beneficiaries under this subchapter, subchapter II, subchapter XVI, or any combination of such subchapters; misuses all or part of an individual’s benefit paid to such representative payee, the Commissioner of Social Security shall pay to the beneficiary or the beneficiary’s alternative representative payee an amount equal to the amount of such benefit so misused. The provisions of this paragraph are subject to the limitations of subsection (l)(2). The Commissioner of Social Security shall make a good faith effort to obtain restitution from the terminated representative payee. (j) Misuse of benefitsFor purposes of this subchapter, misuse of benefits by a representative payee occurs in any case in which the representative payee receives payment under this subchapter for the use and benefit of another person under this subchapter and converts such payment, or any part thereof, to a use other than for the use and benefit of such person. The Commissioner of Social Security may prescribe by regulation the meaning of the term “use and benefit” for purposes of this subsection. (k) Periodic onsite review(1) In generalIn addition to such other reviews of representative payees as the Commissioner of Social Security may otherwise conduct, the Commissioner may provide for the periodic onsite review of any person or agency that receives the benefits payable under this subchapter (alone or in combination with benefits payable under subchapter II or subchapter XVI) to another individual pursuant to the appointment of such person or agency as a representative payee under this section, section 405(j) of this title, or section 1383(a)(2) of this title in any case in which—(A) the representative payee is a person who serves in that capacity with respect to 15 or more such individuals; or (B) the representative payee is an agency that serves in that capacity with respect to 50 or more such individuals. (2) ReportWithin 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, the Commissioner shall submit to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate a report on the results of periodic onsite reviews conducted during the fiscal year pursuant to paragraph (1) and of any other reviews of representative payees conducted during such fiscal year in connection with benefits under this subchapter. Each such report shall describe in detail all problems identified in such reviews and any corrective action taken or planned to be taken to correct such problems, and shall include—(A) the number of such reviews; (B) the results of such reviews; (C) the number of cases in which the representative payee was changed and why; (D) the number of cases involving the exercise of expedited, targeted oversight of the representative payee by the Commissioner conducted upon receipt of an allegation of misuse of funds, failure to pay a vendor, or a similar irregularity; (E) the number of cases discovered in which there was a misuse of funds; (F) how any such cases of misuse of funds were dealt with by the Commissioner; (G) the final disposition of such cases of misuse of funds, including any criminal penalties imposed; and (H) such other information as the Commissioner deems appropriate. (l) Liability for misused amounts(1) In generalIf the Commissioner of Social Security or a court of competent jurisdiction determines that a representative payee that is not a Federal, State, or local government agency has misused all or part of a qualified individual’s benefit that was paid to such representative payee under this section, the representative payee shall be liable for the amount misused, and such amount (to the extent not repaid by the representative payee) shall be treated as an overpayment of benefits under this subchapter to the representative payee for all purposes of this chapter and related laws pertaining to the recovery of such overpayments. Subject to paragraph (2), upon recovering all or any part of such amount, the Commissioner shall make payment of an amount equal to the recovered amount to such qualified individual or such qualified individual’s alternative representative payee. (2) LimitationThe total of the amount paid to such individual or such individual’s alternative representative payee under paragraph (1) and the amount paid under subsection (i) may not exceed the total benefit amount misused by the representative payee with respect to such individual.

42 U.S.C. § 1008 Overpayments and underpayments

(a) In generalWhenever the Commissioner of Social Security finds that more or less than the correct amount of payment has been made to any person under this subchapter, proper adjustment or recovery shall be made, as follows:(1) With respect to payment to a person of more than the correct amount, the Commissioner of Social Security shall decrease any payment under this subchapter to which the overpaid person (if a qualified individual) is entitled, or shall require the overpaid person or his or her estate to refund the amount in excess of the correct amount, or, if recovery is not obtained under these two methods, shall seek or pursue recovery by means of reduction in tax refunds based on notice to the Secretary of the Treasury, as authorized under section 3720A of title 31. (2) With respect to payment of less than the correct amount to a qualified individual who, at the time the Commissioner of Social Security is prepared to take action with respect to the underpayment—(A) is living, the Commissioner of Social Security shall make payment to the qualified individual (or the qualified individual’s representative payee designated under section 1007 of this title) of the balance of the amount due the underpaid qualified individual; or (B) is deceased, the balance of the amount due shall revert to the general fund of the Treasury. (b) Waiver of recovery of overpaymentIn any case in which more than the correct amount of payment has been made, there shall be no adjustment of payments to, or recovery by the United States from, any person who is without fault if the Commissioner of Social Security determines that the adjustment or recovery would defeat the purpose of this subchapter or would be against equity and good conscience. (c) Limited immunity for disbursing officersA disbursing officer may not be held liable for any amount paid by the officer if the adjustment or recovery of the amount is waived under subsection (b), or adjustment under subsection (a) is not completed before the death of the qualified individual against whose benefits deductions are authorized. (d) Authorized collection practices(1) In generalWith respect to any delinquent amount, the Commissioner of Social Security may use the collection practices described in sections 3711(e), 3716, and 3718 of title 31, as in effect on October 1, 1994. (2) DefinitionFor purposes of paragraph (1), the term “delinquent amount” means an amount—(A) in excess of the correct amount of the payment under this subchapter; and (B) determined by the Commissioner of Social Security to be otherwise unrecoverable under this section from a person who is not a qualified individual under this subchapter. (e) Cross-program recovery of overpaymentsFor provisions relating to the cross-program recovery of overpayments made under programs administered by the Commissioner of Social Security, see section 1320b–17 of this title.

42 U.S.C. § 1009 Hearings and review

(a) Hearings(1) In generalThe Commissioner of Social Security shall make findings of fact and decisions as to the rights of any individual applying for payment under this subchapter. The Commissioner of Social Security shall provide reasonable notice and opportunity for a hearing to any individual who is or claims to be a qualified individual and is in disagreement with any determination under this subchapter with respect to entitlement to, or the amount of, benefits under this subchapter, if the individual requests a hearing on the matter in disagreement within 60 days after notice of the determination is received, and, if a hearing is held, shall, on the basis of evidence adduced at the hearing affirm, modify, or reverse the Commissioner of Social Security’s findings of fact and the decision. The Commissioner of Social Security may, on the Commissioner of Social Security’s own motion, hold such hearings and conduct such investigations and other proceedings as the Commissioner of Social Security deems necessary or proper for the administration of this subchapter. In the course of any hearing, investigation, or other proceeding, the Commissioner may administer oaths and affirmations, examine witnesses, and receive evidence. Evidence may be received at any hearing before the Commissioner of Social Security even though inadmissible under the rules of evidence applicable to court procedure. The Commissioner of Social Security shall specifically take into account any physical, mental, educational, or linguistic limitation of the individual (including any lack of facility with the English language) in determining, with respect to the entitlement of the individual for benefits under this subchapter, whether the individual acted in good faith or was at fault, and in determining fraud, deception, or intent. (2) Effect of failure to timely request reviewA failure to timely request review of an initial adverse determination with respect to an application for any payment under this subchapter or an adverse determination on reconsideration of such an initial determination shall not serve as a basis for denial of a subsequent application for any payment under this subchapter if the applicant demonstrates that the applicant failed to so request such a review acting in good faith reliance upon incorrect, incomplete, or misleading information, relating to the consequences of reapplying for payments in lieu of seeking review of an adverse determination, provided by any officer or employee of the Social Security Administration. (3) Notice requirementsIn any notice of an adverse determination with respect to which a review may be requested under paragraph (1), the Commissioner of Social Security shall describe in clear and specific language the effect on possible entitlement to benefits under this subchapter of choosing to reapply in lieu of requesting review of the determination. (b) Judicial reviewThe final determination of the Commissioner of Social Security after a hearing under subsection (a)(1) shall be subject to judicial review as provided in section 405(g) of this title to the same extent as the Commissioner of Social Security’s final determinations under section 405 of this title.

42 U.S.C. § 1010 Other administrative provisions

(a) Regulations and administrative arrangementsThe Commissioner of Social Security may prescribe such regulations, and make such administrative and other arrangements, as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out this subchapter. (b) Payment of benefitsBenefits under this subchapter shall be paid at such time or times and in such installments as the Commissioner of Social Security determines are in the interests of economy and efficiency. (c) Entitlement redeterminationsAn individual’s entitlement to benefits under this subchapter, and the amount of the benefits, may be redetermined at such time or times as the Commissioner of Social Security determines to be appropriate. (d) Suspension and termination of benefitsRegulations prescribed by the Commissioner of Social Security under subsection (a) may provide for the suspension and termination of entitlement to benefits under this subchapter as the Commissioner determines is appropriate.

42 U.S.C. § 1010a Optional Federal administration of State recognition payments

(a) In generalThe Commissioner of Social Security may enter into an agreement with any State (or political subdivision thereof) that provides cash payments on a regular basis to individuals entitled to benefits under this subchapter under which the Commissioner of Social Security shall make such payments on behalf of such State (or subdivision). (b) Agreement terms(1) In generalSuch agreement shall include such terms as the Commissioner of Social Security finds necessary to achieve efficient and effective administration of both this subchapter and the State program. (2) Financial termsSuch agreement shall provide for the State to pay the Commissioner of Social Security, at such times and in such installments as the parties may specify—(A) an amount equal to the expenditures made by the Commissioner of Social Security pursuant to such agreement as payments to individuals on behalf of such State; and (B) an administration fee to reimburse the administrative expenses incurred by the Commissioner of Social Security in making payments to individuals on behalf of the State. (c) Special disposition of administration feesAdministration fees, upon collection, shall be credited to a special fund established in the Treasury of the United States for State recognition payments for certain World War II veterans. The amounts so credited, to the extent and in the amounts provided in advance in appropriations Acts, shall be available to defray expenses incurred in carrying out this subchapter.

42 U.S.C. § 1011 Penalties for fraud

(a) In generalWhoever—(1) knowingly and willfully makes or causes to be made any false statement or representation of a material fact in an application for benefits under this subchapter; (2) at any time knowingly and willfully makes or causes to be made any false statement or representation of a material fact for use in determining any right to the benefits; (3) having knowledge of the occurrence of any event affecting—(A) his or her initial or continued right to the benefits; or (B) the initial or continued right to the benefits of any other individual in whose behalf he or she has applied for or is receiving the benefit, conceals or fails to disclose the event with an intent fraudulently to secure the benefit either in a greater amount or quantity than is due or when no such benefit is authorized; (4) having made application to receive any such benefit for the use and benefit of another and having received it, knowingly and willfully converts the benefit or any part thereof to a use other than for the use and benefit of the other individual; or (5) conspires to commit any offense described in any of paragraphs (1) through (3), shall be fined under title 18, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both, except that in the case of a person who receives a fee or other income for services performed in connection with any determination with respect to benefits under this subchapter (including a claimant representative, translator, or current or former employee of the Social Security Administration), or who is a physician or other health care provider who submits, or causes the submission of, medical or other evidence in connection with any such determination, such person shall be guilty of a felony and upon conviction thereof shall be fined under title 18, or imprisoned for not more than ten years, or both. (b) Court order for restitution(1) In generalAny Federal court, when sentencing a defendant convicted of an offense under subsection (a), may order, in addition to or in lieu of any other penalty authorized by law, that the defendant make restitution to the Commissioner of Social Security, in any case in which such offense results in—(A) the Commissioner of Social Security making a benefit payment that should not have been made, or (B) an individual suffering a financial loss due to the defendant’s violation of subsection (a) in his or her capacity as the individual’s representative payee appointed pursuant to section 1007(i) of this title. (2) Related provisionsSections 3612, 3663, and 3664 of title 18 shall apply with respect to the issuance and enforcement of orders of restitution under this subsection. In so applying such sections, the Commissioner of Social Security shall be considered the victim. (3) Stated reasons for not ordering restitutionIf the court does not order restitution, or orders only partial restitution, under this subsection, the court shall state on the record the reasons therefor. (4) Receipt of restitution payments(A) In generalExcept as provided in subparagraph (B), funds paid to the Commissioner of Social Security as restitution pursuant to a court order shall be deposited as miscellaneous receipts in the general fund of the Treasury. (B) Payment to the individualIn the case of funds paid to the Commissioner of Social Security pursuant to paragraph (1)(B), the Commissioner of Social Security shall certify for payment to the individual described in such paragraph an amount equal to the lesser of the amount of the funds so paid or the individual’s outstanding financial loss as described in such paragraph, except that such amount may be reduced by any overpayment of benefits owed under this subchapter, subchapter II, or subchapter XVI by the individual.

42 U.S.C. § 1012 Definitions

In this subchapter: (1) World War II veteranThe term “World War II veteran” means a person who—(A) served during World War II—(i) in the active military, naval, or air service of the United States during World War II; or (ii) in the organized military forces of the Government of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, while the forces were in the service of the Armed Forces of the United States pursuant to the military order of the President dated July 26, 1941, including among the military forces organized guerrilla forces under commanders appointed, designated, or subsequently recognized by the Commander in Chief, Southwest Pacific Area, or other competent authority in the Army of the United States, in any case in which the service was rendered before December 31, 1946; and (B) was discharged or released therefrom under conditions other than dishonorable—(i) after service of 90 days or more; or (ii) because of a disability or injury incurred or aggravated in the line of active duty. (2) World War IIThe term “World War II” means the period beginning on September 16, 1940, and ending on July 24, 1947. (3) Supplemental security income benefit under subchapter XVIThe term “supplemental security income benefit under subchapter XVI”, except as otherwise provided, includes State supplementary payments which are paid by the Commissioner of Social Security pursuant to an agreement under section 1382e(a) of this title or section 212(b) of Public Law 93–66. (4) Federal benefit rate under subchapter XVIThe term “Federal benefit rate under subchapter XVI” means, with respect to any month, the amount of the supplemental security income cash benefit (not including any State supplementary payment which is paid by the Commissioner of Social Security pursuant to an agreement under section 1382e(a) of this title or section 212(b) of Public Law 93–66) payable under subchapter XVI for the month to an eligible individual with no income. (5) United StatesThe term “United States” means, notwithstanding section 1301(a)(1) of this title, only the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. (6) Benefit incomeThe term “benefit income” means any recurring payment received by a qualified individual as an annuity, pension, retirement, or disability benefit (including any veterans’ compensation or pension, workmen’s compensation payment, old-age, survivors, or disability insurance benefit, railroad retirement annuity or pension, and unemployment insurance benefit), but only if a similar payment was received by the individual from the same (or a related) source during the 12-month period preceding the month in which the individual files an application for benefits under this subchapter.

42 U.S.C. § 1013 Appropriations

There are hereby appropriated for fiscal year 2000 and subsequent fiscal years, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such sums as may be necessary to carry out this subchapter.