USC Subchapter II

USC Subchapter II
in effect

7 U.S.C. § 1635 Purpose

The purpose of this subchapter is to establish a program of information regarding the marketing of cattle, swine, lambs, and products of such livestock that— (1) provides information that can be readily understood by producers, packers, and other market participants, including information with respect to the pricing, contracting for purchase, and supply and demand conditions for livestock, livestock production, and livestock products; (2) improves the price and supply reporting services of the Department of Agriculture; and (3) encourages competition in the marketplace for livestock and livestock products.

7 U.S.C. § 1635a Definitions

In this subchapter: (1) Base priceThe term “base price” means the price paid for livestock, delivered at the packing plant, before application of any premiums or discounts, expressed in dollars per hundred pounds of carcass weight. (2) Basis levelThe term “basis level” means the agreed-on adjustment to a future price to establish the final price paid for livestock. (3) Current slaughter weekThe term “current slaughter week” means the period beginning Monday, and ending Sunday, of the week in which a reporting day occurs. (4) F.O.B.The term “F.O.B.” means free on board, regardless of the mode of transportation, at the point of direct shipment by the seller to the buyer. (5) LivestockThe term “livestock” means cattle, swine, and lambs. (6) LotThe term “lot” means a group of one or more livestock that is identified for the purpose of a single transaction between a buyer and a seller. (7) MarketingThe term “marketing” means the sale or other disposition of livestock, livestock products, or meat or meat food products in commerce. (8) Negotiated purchaseThe term “negotiated purchase” means a cash or spot market purchase by a packer of livestock from a producer under which—(A) the base price for the livestock is determined by seller-buyer interaction and agreement on a day; and (B) the livestock are scheduled for delivery to the packer not later than 14 days after the date on which the livestock are committed to the packer. (9) Negotiated saleThe term “negotiated sale” means a cash or spot market sale by a producer of livestock to a packer under which—(A) the base price for the livestock is determined by seller-buyer interaction and agreement on a day; and (B) the livestock are scheduled for delivery to the packer not later than 14 days after the date on which the livestock are committed to the packer. (10) Prior slaughter weekThe term “prior slaughter week” means the Monday through Sunday prior to a reporting day. (11) ProducerThe term “producer” means any person engaged in the business of selling livestock to a packer for slaughter (including the sale of livestock from a packer to another packer). (12) Reporting dayThe term “reporting day” means a day on which—(A) a packer conducts business regarding livestock committed to the packer, or livestock purchased, sold, or slaughtered by the packer; (B) the Secretary is required to make information concerning the business described in subparagraph (A) available to the public; and (C) the Department of Agriculture is open to conduct business. (13) SecretaryThe term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Agriculture. (14) StateThe term “State” means each of the 50 States.

7 U.S.C. § 1635d Definitions

In this part: (1) Cattle committedThe term “cattle committed” means cattle that are scheduled to be delivered to a packer within the 7-day period beginning on the date of an agreement to sell the cattle. (2) Cattle typeThe term “cattle type” means the following types of cattle purchased for slaughter:(A) Fed steers. (B) Fed heifers. (C) Fed Holsteins and other fed dairy steers and heifers. (D) Cows. (E) Bulls. (3) Formula marketing arrangementThe term “formula marketing arrangement” means the advance commitment of cattle for slaughter by any means other than through a negotiated purchase or a forward contract, using a method for calculating price in which the price is determined at a future date. (4) Forward contractThe term “forward contract” means—(A) an agreement for the purchase of cattle, executed in advance of slaughter, under which the base price is established by reference to—(i) prices quoted on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange; or (ii) other comparable publicly available prices; or (B) such other forward contract as the Secretary determines to be applicable. (5) PackerThe term “packer” means any person engaged in the business of buying cattle in commerce for purposes of slaughter, of manufacturing or preparing meats or meat food products from cattle for sale or shipment in commerce, or of marketing meats or meat food products from cattle in an unmanufactured form acting as a wholesale broker, dealer, or distributor in commerce, except that—(A) the term includes only a cattle processing plant that is federally inspected; (B) for any calendar year, the term includes only a cattle processing plant that slaughtered an average of at least 125,000 head of cattle per year during the immediately preceding 5 calendar years; and (C) in the case of a cattle processing plant that did not slaughter cattle during the immediately preceding 5 calendar years, the Secretary shall consider the plant capacity of the processing plant in determining whether the processing plant should be considered a packer under this part. (6) Packer-owned cattleThe term “packer-owned cattle” means cattle that a packer owns for at least 14 days immediately before slaughter. (7) Terms of tradeThe term “terms of trade” includes, with respect to the purchase of cattle for slaughter—(A) whether a packer provided any financing agreement or arrangement with regard to the cattle; (B) whether the delivery terms specified the location of the producer or the location of the packer’s plant; (C) whether the producer is able to unilaterally specify the date and time during the business day of the packer that the cattle are to be delivered for slaughter; and (D) the percentage of cattle purchased by a packer as a negotiated purchase that are delivered to the plant for slaughter more than 7 days, but fewer than 14 days, after the earlier of—(i) the date on which the cattle were committed to the packer; or (ii) the date on which the cattle were purchased by the packer. (8) Type of purchaseThe term “type of purchase”, with respect to cattle, means—(A) a negotiated purchase; (B) a formula market arrangement; and (C) a forward contract.

7 U.S.C. § 1635e Mandatory reporting for live cattle

(a) EstablishmentThe Secretary shall establish a program of live cattle price information reporting that will—(1) provide timely, accurate, and reliable market information; (2) facilitate more informed marketing decisions; and (3) promote competition in the cattle slaughtering industry. (b) General reporting provisions applicable to packers and the Secretary(1) In generalWhenever the prices or quantities of cattle are required to be reported or published under this section, the prices or quantities shall be categorized so as to clearly delineate—(A) the prices or quantities, as applicable, of the cattle purchased in the domestic market; and (B) the prices or quantities, as applicable, of imported cattle. (2) Packer-owned cattleInformation required under this section for packer-owned cattle shall include quantity and carcass characteristics, but not price. (c) Daily reporting(1) In generalThe corporate officers or officially designated representatives of each packer processing plant shall report to the Secretary at least twice each reporting day (including once not later than 10:00 a.m. Central Time and once not later than 2:00 p.m. Central Time) the following information for each cattle type:(A) The prices for cattle (per hundredweight) established on that day, categorized by—(i) type of purchase; (ii) the quantity of cattle purchased on a live weight basis; (iii) the quantity of cattle purchased on a dressed weight basis; (iv) a range of the estimated live weights of the cattle purchased; (v) an estimate of the percentage of the cattle purchased that were of a quality grade of choice or better; and (vi) any premiums or discounts associated with—(I) weight, grade, or yield; or (II) any type of purchase. (B) The quantity of cattle delivered to the packer (quoted in numbers of head) on that day, categorized by—(i) type of purchase; (ii) the quantity of cattle delivered on a live weight basis; and (iii) the quantity of cattle delivered on a dressed weight basis. (C) The quantity of cattle committed to the packer (quoted in numbers of head) as of that day, categorized by—(i) type of purchase; (ii) the quantity of cattle committed on a live weight basis; and (iii) the quantity of cattle committed on a dressed weight basis. (D) The terms of trade regarding the cattle, as applicable. (2) PublicationThe Secretary shall make the information available to the public not less frequently than three times each reporting day. (d) Weekly reporting(1) In generalThe corporate officers or officially designated representatives of each packer processing plant shall report to the Secretary, on the first reporting day of each week, not later than 9:00 a.m. Central Time, the following information applicable to the prior slaughter week:(A) The quantity of cattle purchased through a forward contract that were slaughtered. (B) The quantity of cattle delivered under a formula marketing arrangement that were slaughtered. (C) The quantity and carcass characteristics of packer-owned cattle that were slaughtered. (D) The quantity, basis level, and delivery month for all cattle purchased through forward contracts that were agreed to by the parties. (E) The range and average of intended premiums and discounts that are expected to be in effect for the current slaughter week. (2) Formula purchasesThe corporate officers or officially designated representatives of each packer processing plant shall report to the Secretary, on the first reporting day of each week, not later than 9:00 a.m. Central Time, the following information for cattle purchased through a formula marketing arrangement and slaughtered during the prior slaughter week:(A) The quantity (quoted in both numbers of head and hundredweights) of cattle. (B) The weighted average price paid for a carcass, including applicable premiums and discounts. (C) The range of premiums and discounts paid. (D) The weighted average of premiums and discounts paid. (E) The range of prices paid. (F) The aggregate weighted average price paid for a carcass. (G) The terms of trade regarding the cattle, as applicable. (3) PublicationThe Secretary shall make available to the public the information obtained under paragraphs (1) and (2) on the first reporting day of the current slaughter week, not later than 10:00 a.m. Central Time. (e) Regional reporting of cattle types(1) In generalThe Secretary shall determine whether adequate data can be obtained on a regional basis for fed Holsteins and other fed dairy steers and heifers, cows, and bulls based on the number of packers required to report under this section. (2) ReportNot later than 2 years after October 22, 1999, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report on the determination of the Secretary under paragraph (1).

7 U.S.C. § 1635f Mandatory packer reporting of boxed beef sales

(a) Daily reportingThe corporate officers or officially designated representatives of each packer processing plant shall report to the Secretary at least twice each reporting day (not less than once before, and once after, 12:00 noon Central Time) information on total boxed beef sales, including—(1) the price for each lot of each negotiated boxed beef sale (determined by seller-buyer interaction and agreement), quoted in dollars per hundredweight (on a F.O.B. plant basis); (2) the quantity for each lot of each sale, quoted by number of boxes sold; and (3) information regarding the characteristics of each lot of each sale, including—(A) the grade of beef (USDA Choice or better, USDA Select, or ungraded no-roll product); (B) the cut of beef; and (C) the trim specification. (b) PublicationThe Secretary shall make available to the public the information required to be reported under subsection (a) not less frequently than twice each reporting day.

7 U.S.C. § 1635i Definitions

In this part: (1) AffiliateThe term “affiliate”, with respect to a packer, means—(A) a person that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, 5 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of the packer; (B) a person 5 percent or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, by the packer; and (C) a person that directly or indirectly controls, or is controlled by or under common control with, the packer. (2) Applicable reporting periodThe term “applicable reporting period” means the period of time prescribed by the prior day report, the morning report, and the afternoon report, as required under section 1635j(c) of this title. (3) BarrowThe term “barrow” means a neutered male swine. (4) Base market hogThe term “base market hog” means a barrow or gilt for which no discounts are subtracted from and no premiums are added to the base price. (5) BoarThe term “boar” means a sexually-intact male swine. (6) Formula priceThe term “formula price” means a price determined by a mathematical formula under which the price established for a specified market serves as the basis for the formula. (7) GiltThe term “gilt” means a young female swine that has not produced a litter. (8) Hog classThe term “hog class” means, as applicable—(A) barrows or gilts; (B) sows; or (C) boars or stags. (9) Negotiated formula purchaseThe term “negotiated formula purchase” means a swine or pork market formula purchase under which—(A) the formula is determined by negotiation on a lot-by-lot basis; and (B) the swine are scheduled for delivery to the packer not later than 14 days after the date on which the formula is negotiated and swine are committed to the packer. (10) Noncarcass merit premiumThe term “noncarcass merit premium” means an increase in the base price of the swine offered by an individual packer or packing plant, based on any factor other than the characteristics of the carcass, if the actual amount of the premium is known before the sale and delivery of the swine. (11) Other market formula purchase(A) In generalThe term “other market formula purchase” means a purchase of swine by a packer in which the pricing mechanism is a formula price based on any market other than the market for swine, pork, or a pork product. (B) InclusionThe term “other market formula purchase” includes a formula purchase in a case in which the price formula is based on one or more futures or options contracts. (12) Other purchase arrangementThe term “other purchase arrangement” means a purchase of swine by a packer that—(A) is not a negotiated purchase, swine or pork market formula purchase, negotiated formula purchase, or other market formula purchase; and (B) does not involve packer-owned swine. (13) PackerThe term “packer” means any person engaged in the business of buying swine in commerce for purposes of slaughter, of manufacturing or preparing meats or meat food products from swine for sale or shipment in commerce, or of marketing meats or meat food products from swine in an unmanufactured form acting as a wholesale broker, dealer, or distributor in commerce, except that—(A) the term includes only a swine processing plant that is federally inspected; (B) for any calendar year, the term includes only—(i) a swine processing plant that slaughtered an average of at least 100,000 swine per year during the immediately preceding five calendar years; and (ii) a person that slaughtered an average of at least 200,000 sows, boars, or any combination thereof, per year during the immediately preceding five calendar years; and (C) in the case of a swine processing plant or person that did not slaughter swine during the immediately preceding 5 calendar years, the Secretary shall consider the plant capacity of the processing plant or person in determining whether the processing plant or person should be considered a packer under this part. (14) Packer-owned swineThe term “packer-owned swine” means swine that a packer (including a subsidiary or affiliate of the packer) owns for at least 14 days immediately before slaughter. (15) Packer-sold swineThe term “packer-sold swine” means the swine that are—(A) owned by a packer (including a subsidiary or affiliate of the packer) for more than 14 days immediately before sale for slaughter; and (B) sold for slaughter to another packer. (16) PorkThe term “pork” means the meat of a porcine animal. (17) Pork productThe term “pork product” means a product or byproduct produced or processed in whole or in part from pork. (18) Purchase dataThe term “purchase data” means all of the applicable data, including weight (if purchased live), for all swine purchased during the applicable reporting period, regardless of the expected delivery date of the swine, reported by—(A) hog class; (B) type of purchase; and (C) packer-owned swine. (19) Slaughter dataThe term “slaughter data” means all of the applicable data for all swine slaughtered by a packer during the applicable reporting period, regardless of when the price of the swine was negotiated or otherwise determined, reported by—(A) hog class; (B) type of purchase; and (C) packer-owned swine. (20) SowThe term “sow” means an adult female swine that has produced one or more litters. (21) SwineThe term “swine” means a porcine animal raised to be a feeder pig, raised for seedstock, or raised for slaughter. (22) Swine or pork market formula purchaseThe term “swine or pork market formula purchase” means a purchase of swine by a packer in which the pricing mechanism is a formula price based on a market for swine, pork, or a pork product, other than a future or option for swine, pork, or a pork product. (23) Type of purchaseThe term “type of purchase”, with respect to swine, means—(A) a negotiated purchase; (B) other market formula purchase; (C) a swine or pork market formula purchase; (D) a negotiated formula purchase; and (E) other purchase arrangement.

7 U.S.C. § 1635j Mandatory reporting for swine

(a) EstablishmentThe Secretary shall establish a program of swine price information reporting that will—(1) provide timely, accurate, and reliable market information; (2) facilitate more informed marketing decisions; and (3) promote competition in the swine slaughtering industry. (b) General reporting provisions applicable to packers and the Secretary(1) In generalThe Secretary shall establish and implement a price reporting program in accordance with this section that includes the reporting and publication of information required under this section. (2) Packer-owned swineInformation required under this section for packer-owned swine shall include quantity and carcass characteristics, but not price. (3) Packer-sold swineIf information regarding the type of purchase is required under this section, the information shall be reported according to the numbers and percentages of each type of purchase comprising—(A) packer-sold swine; and (B) all other swine. (4) Additional information(A) ReviewThe Secretary shall review the information required to be reported by packers under this section at least once every 2 years. (B) Outdated informationAfter public notice and an opportunity for comment, subject to subparagraph (C), the Secretary shall promulgate regulations that specify additional information that shall be reported under this section if the Secretary determines under the review under subparagraph (A) that—(i) information that is currently required no longer accurately reflects the methods by which swine are valued and priced by packers; or (ii) packers that slaughter a significant majority of the swine produced in the United States no longer use backfat or lean percentage factors as indicators of price. (C) LimitationUnder subparagraph (B), the Secretary may not require packers to provide any new or additional information that—(i) is not generally available or maintained by packers; or (ii) would be otherwise unduly burdensome to provide. (c) Daily reporting; barrows and gilts(1) Prior day report(A) In generalThe corporate officers or officially designated representatives of each packer processing plant that processes barrows or gilts shall report to the Secretary, for each business day of the packer, such information as the Secretary determines necessary and appropriate to—(i) comply with the publication requirements of this section; and (ii) provide for the timely access to the information by producers, packers, and other market participants. (B) Reporting deadline and plants required to reportA packer required to report under subparagraph (A) shall—(i) not later than 7:00 a.m. Central Time on each reporting day, report information regarding all barrows and gilts purchased or priced, and (ii) not later than 9:00 a.m. Central Time on each reporting day, report information regarding all barrows and gilts slaughtered, during the prior business day of the packer. (C) Information requiredThe information from the prior business day of a packer required under this paragraph shall include—(i) all purchase data, including—(I) the total number of—(aa) barrows and gilts purchased; and (bb) barrows and gilts scheduled for delivery; and (II) the base price and purchase data for slaughtered barrows and gilts for which a price has been established; (ii) all slaughter data for the total number of barrows and gilts slaughtered, including—(I) information concerning the net price, which shall be equal to the total amount paid by a packer to a producer (including all premiums, less all discounts) per hundred pounds of carcass weight of barrows and gilts delivered at the plant—(aa) including any sum deducted from the price per hundredweight paid to a producer that reflects the repayment of a balance owed by the producer to the packer or the accumulation of a balance to later be repaid by the packer to the producer; and (bb) excluding any sum earlier paid to a producer that must later be repaid to the packer; (II) information concerning the average net price, which shall be equal to the quotient (stated per hundred pounds of carcass weight of barrows and gilts) obtained by dividing—(aa) the total amount paid for the barrows and gilts slaughtered at a packing plant during the applicable reporting period, including all premiums and discounts, and including any sum deducted from the price per hundredweight paid to a producer that reflects the repayment of a balance owed by the producer to the packer, or the accumulation of a balance to later be repaid by the packer to the producer, less all discounts; by (bb) the total carcass weight (in hundred pound increments) of the barrows and gilts; (III) information concerning the lowest net price, which shall be equal to the lowest net price paid for a single lot or a group of barrows or gilts slaughtered at a packing plant during the applicable reporting period per hundred pounds of carcass weight of barrows and gilts; (IV) information concerning the highest net price, which shall be equal to the highest net price paid for a single lot or group of barrows or gilts slaughtered at a packing plant during the applicable reporting period per hundred pounds of carcass weight of barrows and gilts; (V) the average carcass weight, which shall be equal to the quotient obtained by dividing—(aa) the total carcass weight of the barrows and gilts slaughtered at the packing plant during the applicable reporting period, by (bb) the number of the barrows and gilts described in item (aa), adjusted for special slaughter situations (such as skinning or foot removal), as the Secretary determines necessary to render comparable carcass weights; (VI) the average sort loss, which shall be equal to the average discount (in dollars per hundred pounds carcass weight) for barrows and gilts slaughtered during the applicable reporting period, resulting from the fact that the barrows and gilts did not fall within the individual packer’s established carcass weight or lot variation range; (VII) the average backfat, which shall be equal to the average of the backfat thickness (in inches) measured between the third and fourth from the last ribs, 7 centimeters from the carcass split (or adjusted from the individual packer’s measurement to that reference point using an adjustment made by the Secretary) of the barrows and gilts slaughtered during the applicable reporting period; (VIII) the average lean percentage, which shall be equal to the average percentage of the carcass weight comprised of lean meat for the barrows and gilts slaughtered during the applicable reporting period, except that when a packer is required to report the average lean percentage under this subclause, the packer shall make available to the Secretary the underlying data, applicable methodology and formulae, and supporting materials used to determine the average lean percentage, which the Secretary may convert to the carcass measurements or lean percentage of the barrows and gilts of the individual packer to correlate to a common percent lean measurement; and (IX) the total slaughter quantity, which shall be equal to the total number of barrows and gilts slaughtered during the applicable reporting period, including all types of purchases and barrows and gilts that qualify as packer-owned swine; and (iii) packer purchase commitments, which shall be equal to the number of barrows and gilts scheduled for delivery to a packer for slaughter for each of the next 14 calendar days. (D) Publication(i) In generalThe Secretary shall publish the information obtained under this paragraph in a prior day report—(I) in the case of information regarding barrows and gilts purchased or priced, not later than 8:00 a.m. Central Time, and (II) in the case of information regarding barrows and gilts slaughtered, not later than 10:00 a.m. Central Time, on the reporting day on which the information is received from the packer. (ii) Price distributionsThe information published by the Secretary under clause (i) shall include—(I) a distribution of net prices in the range between and including the lowest net price and the highest net price reported; (II) a delineation of the number of barrows and gilts at each reported price level or, at the option of the Secretary, the number of barrows and gilts within each of a series of reasonable price bands within the range of prices; and (III) the total number and weighted average price of barrows and gilts purchased through negotiated purchases and negotiated formula purchases. (2) Morning report(A) In generalThe corporate officers or officially designated representatives of each packer processing plant that processes barrows or gilts shall report to the Secretary not later than 10:00 a.m. Central Time each reporting day—(i) the packer’s best estimate of the total number of barrows and gilts, and barrows and gilts that qualify as packer-owned swine, expected to be purchased throughout the reporting day through each type of purchase; (ii) the total number of barrows and gilts, and barrows and gilts that qualify as packer-owned swine, purchased up to that time of the reporting day through each type of purchase; (iii) the base price paid for all base market hogs purchased up to that time of the reporting day through negotiated purchases; and (iv) the base price paid for all base market hogs purchased through each type of purchase other than negotiated purchase up to that time of the reporting day, unless such information is unavailable due to pricing that is determined on a delayed basis. (B) PublicationThe Secretary shall publish the information obtained under this paragraph in the morning report as soon as practicable, but not later than 11:00 a.m. Central Time, on each reporting day. (3) Afternoon report(A) In generalThe corporate officers or officially designated representatives of each packer processing plant that processes barrows or gilts shall report to the Secretary not later than 2:00 p.m. Central Time each reporting day—(i) the packer’s best estimate of the total number of barrows and gilts, and barrows and gilts that qualify as packer-owned swine, expected to be purchased throughout the reporting day through each type of purchase; (ii) the total number of barrows and gilts, and barrows and gilts that qualify as packer-owned swine, purchased up to that time of the reporting day through each type of purchase; (iii) the base price paid for all base market hogs purchased up to that time of the reporting day through negotiated purchases; and (iv) the base price paid for all base market hogs purchased up to that time of the reporting day through each type of purchase other than negotiated purchase, unless such information is unavailable due to pricing that is determined on a delayed basis. (B) PublicationThe Secretary shall publish the information obtained under this paragraph in the afternoon report as soon as practicable, but not later than 3:00 p.m. Central Time, on each reporting day. (C) Late in the day report informationThe Secretary shall include in the morning report and the afternoon report for the following day any information required to be reported under subparagraph (A) that is obtained after the time of the reporting day specified in that subparagraph. (d) Daily reporting; sows and boars(1) Prior day reportThe corporate officers or officially designated representatives of each packer of sows and boars shall report to the Secretary, for each business day of the packer, such information reported by hog class as the Secretary determines necessary and appropriate to—(A) comply with the publication requirements of this section; and (B) provide for the timely access to the information by producers, packers, and other market participants. (2) ReportingNot later than 9:30 a.m. Central Time, or such other time as the Secretary considers appropriate, on each reporting day, a packer required to report under paragraph (1) shall report information regarding all sows and boars purchased or priced during the prior business day of the packer. (3) Information requiredThe information from the prior business day of a packer required under this subsection shall include all purchase data, including—(A) the total number of sows purchased and the total number of boars purchased, each divided into at least three reasonable and meaningful weight classes specified by the Secretary; (B) the number of sows that qualify as packer-owned swine; (C) the number of boars that qualify as packer-owned swine; (D) the average price paid for all sows; (E) the average price paid for all boars; (F) the average price paid for sows in each weight class specified by the Secretary under subparagraph (A); (G) the average price paid for boars in each weight class specified by the Secretary under subparagraph (A); (H) the number of sows and the number of boars for which prices are determined, by each type of purchase; (I) the average prices for sows and the average prices for boars for which prices are determined, by each type of purchase; and (J) such other information as the Secretary considers appropriate to carry out this subsection. (4) Price calculations without packer-owned swineA packer shall omit the prices of sows and boars that qualify as packer-owned swine from all average price calculations, price range calculations, and reports required by this subsection. (5) Reporting exception: public auction purchasesThe information required to be reported under this subsection shall not include purchases of sows or boars made by agents of the reporting packer at a public auction at which the title of the sows and boars is transferred directly from the producer to such packer. (6) PublicationThe Secretary shall publish the information obtained under this paragraph in a prior day report not later than 11:00 a.m. Central Time on the reporting day on which the information is received from the packer. (7) Electronic submission of informationThe Secretary of Agriculture shall provide for the electronic submission of any information required to be reported under this subsection through an Internet website or equivalent electronic means maintained by the Department of Agriculture. (e) Weekly noncarcass merit premium report(1) In generalNot later than 4:00 p.m. Central Time on the first reporting day of each week, the corporate officers or officially designated representatives of each packer processing plant shall report to the Secretary a noncarcass merit premium report that lists—(A) each category of standard noncarcass merit premiums used by the packer in the prior slaughter week; and (B) the amount (in dollars per hundred pounds of carcass weight) paid to producers by the packer, by category. (2) Premium listA packer shall maintain and make available to a producer, on request, a current listing of the dollar values (per hundred pounds of carcass weight) of each noncarcass merit premium used by the packer during the current or the prior slaughter week. (3) AvailabilityA packer shall not be required to pay a listed noncarcass merit premium to a producer that meets the requirements for the premium if the need for swine in a given category is filled at a particular point in time. (4) PublicationThe Secretary shall publish the information obtained under this subsection as soon as practicable, but not later than 5:00 p.m. Central Time, on the first reporting day of each week.

7 U.S.C. § 1635k Mandatory reporting of wholesale pork cuts

(a) ReportingThe corporate officers or officially designated representatives of each packer shall report to the Secretary information concerning the price and volume of wholesale pork cuts, as the Secretary determines is necessary and appropriate. (b) PublicationThe Secretary shall publish information reported under subsection (a) as the Secretary determines necessary and appropriate.

7 U.S.C. § 1635m Mandatory reporting for lambs

(a) EstablishmentThe Secretary may establish a program of mandatory lamb price information reporting that will—(1) provide timely, accurate, and reliable market information; (2) facilitate more informed marketing decisions; and (3) promote competition in the lamb slaughtering industry. (b) Notice and commentIf the Secretary establishes a mandatory price reporting program under subsection (a), the Secretary shall provide an opportunity for comment on proposed regulations to establish the program during the 30-day period beginning on the date of the publication of the proposed regulations.

7 U.S.C. § 1636 General provisions

(a) ConfidentialityThe Secretary shall make available to the public information, statistics, and documents obtained from, or submitted by, packers, retail entities, and other persons under this subchapter in a manner that ensures that confidentiality is preserved regarding—(1) the identity of persons, including parties to a contract; and (2) proprietary business information. (b) Disclosure by Federal Government employees(1) In generalSubject to paragraph (2), no officer, employee, or agent of the United States shall, without the consent of the packer or other person concerned, divulge or make known in any manner, any facts or information regarding the business of the packer or other person that was acquired through reporting required under this subchapter. (2) ExceptionsInformation obtained by the Secretary under this subchapter may be disclosed—(A) to agents or employees of the Department of Agriculture in the course of their official duties under this subchapter; (B) as directed by the Secretary or the Attorney General, for enforcement purposes; or (C) by a court of competent jurisdiction. (3) Disclosure under Freedom of Information ActNotwithstanding any other provision of law, no facts or information obtained under this subchapter shall be disclosed in accordance with section 552 of title 5. (c) Reporting by packersA packer shall report all information required under this subchapter on an individual lot basis. (d) Regional reporting and aggregationThe Secretary shall make information obtained under this subchapter available to the public only in a manner that—(1) ensures that the information is published on a national and a regional or statewide basis as the Secretary determines to be appropriate; (2) ensures that the identity of a reporting person is not disclosed; and (3) conforms to aggregation guidelines established by the Secretary. (e) AdjustmentsPrior to the publication of any information required under this subchapter, the Secretary may make reasonable adjustments in information reported by packers to reflect price aberrations or other unusual or unique occurrences that the Secretary determines would distort the published information to the detriment of producers, packers, or other market participants. (f) VerificationThe Secretary shall take such actions as the Secretary considers necessary to verify the accuracy of the information submitted or reported under part B, C, or D of this subchapter. (g) Electronic reporting and publishing(1) In generalThe Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, provide for the reporting and publishing of the information required under this subchapter by electronic means. (2) Improvements and education(A) Enhanced electronic publishingThe Secretary shall develop and implement an enhanced system of electronic publishing to disseminate information collected pursuant to this subchapter. Such system shall—(i) present information in a format that can be readily understood by producers, packers, and other market participants; (ii) adhere to the publication deadlines in this subchapter; (iii) present information in charts and graphs, as appropriate; (iv) present comparative information for prior reporting periods, as the Secretary considers appropriate; and (v) be updated as soon as practicable after information is reported to the Secretary. (B) EducationThe Secretary shall carry out a market news education program to educate the public and persons in the livestock and meat industries about—(i) usage of the system developed under subparagraph (A); and (ii) interpreting and understanding information collected and disseminated through such system. (h) Reporting of activities on weekends and holidays(1) In generalLivestock committed to a packer, or purchased, sold, or slaughtered by a packer, on a weekend day or holiday shall be reported by the packer to the Secretary (to the extent required under this subchapter), and reported by the Secretary, on the immediately following reporting day. (2) Limitation on reporting by packersA packer shall not be required to report actions under paragraph (1) more than once on the immediately following reporting day. (i) Effect on other lawsNothing in this subchapter, the Livestock Mandatory Reporting Act of 1999, or amendments made by that Act restricts or modifies the authority of the Secretary to—(1) administer or enforce the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921 (7 U.S.C. 181 et seq.); (2) administer, enforce, or collect voluntary reports under this chapter or any other law; or (3) access documentary evidence as provided under sections 49 and 50 of title 15.

7 U.S.C. § 1636a Unlawful acts

It shall be unlawful and a violation of this subchapter for any packer or other person subject to this subchapter (in the submission of information required under part B, C, or D of this subchapter, as determined by the Secretary) to willfully— (1) fail or refuse to provide, or delay the timely reporting of, accurate information to the Secretary (including estimated information); (2) solicit or request that a packer, the buyer or seller of livestock or livestock products, or any other person fail to provide, as a condition of any transaction, accurate or timely information required under this subchapter; (3) fail or refuse to comply with this subchapter; or (4) report estimated information in any report required under this subchapter in a manner that demonstrates a pattern of significant variance in accuracy when compared to the actual information that is reported for the same reporting period, or as determined by any audit, oversight, or other verification procedures of the Secretary.

7 U.S.C. § 1636b Enforcement

(a) Civil penalty(1) In generalAny packer or other person that violates this subchapter may be assessed a civil penalty by the Secretary of not more than $10,000 for each violation. (2) Continuing violationEach day during which a violation continues shall be considered to be a separate violation. (3) FactorsIn determining the amount of a civil penalty to be assessed under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall consider the gravity of the offense, the size of the business involved, and the effect of the penalty on the ability of the person that has committed the violation to continue in business. (4) Multiple violationsIn determining whether to assess a civil penalty under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall consider whether a packer or other person subject to this subchapter has engaged in a pattern of errors, delays, or omissions in violation of this subchapter. (b) Cease and desistIn addition to, or in lieu of, a civil penalty under subsection (a), the Secretary may issue an order to cease and desist from continuing any violation. (c) Notice and hearingNo penalty shall be assessed, or cease and desist order issued, by the Secretary under this section unless the person against which the penalty is assessed or to which the order is issued is given notice and opportunity for a hearing before the Secretary with respect to the violation. (d) Finality and judicial review(1) In generalThe order of the Secretary assessing a civil penalty or issuing a cease and desist order under this section shall be final and conclusive unless the affected person files an appeal of the order of the Secretary in United States district court not later than 30 days after the date of the issuance of the order. (2) Standard of reviewA finding of the Secretary under this section shall be set aside only if the finding is found to be unsupported by substantial evidence. (e) Enforcement(1) In generalIf, after the lapse of the period allowed for appeal or after the affirmance of a penalty assessed under this section, the person against which the civil penalty is assessed fails to pay the penalty, the Secretary may refer the matter to the Attorney General who may recover the penalty by an action in United States district court. (2) FinalityIn the action, the final order of the Secretary shall not be subject to review. (f) Injunction or restraining order(1) In generalIf the Secretary has reason to believe that any person subject to this subchapter has failed or refused to provide the Secretary information required to be reported pursuant to this subchapter, and that it would be in the public interest to enjoin the person from further failure to comply with the reporting requirements, the Secretary may notify the Attorney General of the failure. (2) Attorney GeneralThe Attorney General may apply to the appropriate district court of the United States for a temporary or permanent injunction or restraining order. (3) CourtWhen needed to carry out this subchapter, the court shall, on a proper showing, issue a temporary injunction or restraining order without bond. (g) Failure to obey orders(1) In generalIf a person subject to this subchapter fails to obey a cease and desist or civil penalty order issued under this subsection after the order has become final and unappealable, or after the appropriate United States district court has entered a final judgment in favor of the Secretary, the United States may apply to the appropriate district court for enforcement of the order. (2) EnforcementIf the court determines that the order was lawfully made and duly served and that the person violated the order, the court shall enforce the order. (3) Civil penaltyIf the court finds that the person violated the cease and desist provisions of the order, the person shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $10,000 for each offense.

7 U.S.C. § 1636c Fees

The Secretary shall not charge or assess a user fee, transaction fee, service charge, assessment, reimbursement, or any other fee for the submission or reporting of information, for the receipt or availability of, or access to, published reports or information, or for any other activity required under this subchapter.

7 U.S.C. § 1636d Recordkeeping

(a) In generalSubject to subsection (b), each packer required to report information to the Secretary under this subchapter shall maintain, and make available to the Secretary on request, for 2 years—(1) the original contracts, agreements, receipts and other records associated with any transaction relating to the purchase, sale, pricing, transportation, delivery, weighing, slaughter, or carcass characteristics of all livestock; and (2) such records or other information as is necessary or appropriate to verify the accuracy of the information required to be reported under this subchapter. (b) LimitationsUnder subsection (a)(2), the Secretary may not require a packer to provide new or additional information if—(1) the information is not generally available or maintained by packers; or (2) the provision of the information would be unduly burdensome. (c) Purchases of cattle or swineA record of a purchase of a lot of cattle or a lot of swine by a packer shall evidence whether the purchase occurred—(1) before 10:00 a.m. Central Time; (2) between 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. Central Time; or (3) after 2:00 p.m. Central Time.

7 U.S.C. § 1636e Voluntary reporting

The Secretary shall encourage voluntary reporting by packers (as defined in section 191 of this title) to which the mandatory reporting requirements of this subchapter do not apply.

7 U.S.C. § 1636f Publication of information on retail purchase prices for representative meat products

(a) In generalBeginning not later than 90 days after October 22, 1999, the Secretary shall compile and publish at least monthly (weekly, if practicable) information on retail prices for representative food products made from beef, pork, chicken, turkey, veal, or lamb. (b) InformationThe report published by the Secretary under subsection (a) shall include—(1) information on retail prices for each representative food product described in subsection (a); and (2) information on total sales quantity (in pounds and dollars) for each representative food product. (c) Meat Price Spreads ReportDuring the period ending 2 years after the initial publication of the report required under subsection (a), the Secretary shall continue to publish the Meat Price Spreads Report in the same manner as the Report was published before October 22, 1999. (d) Information collection(1) In generalTo ensure the accuracy of the reports required under subsection (a), the Secretary shall obtain the information for the reports from one or more sources including—(A) a consistently representative set of retail transactions; and (B) both prices and sales quantities for the transactions. (2) Source of informationThe Secretary may—(A) obtain the information from retailers or commercial information sources; and (B) use valid statistical sampling procedures, if necessary. (3) AdjustmentsIn providing information on retail prices under this section, the Secretary may make adjustments to take into account differences in—(A) the geographic location of consumption; (B) the location of the principal source of supply; (C) distribution costs; and (D) such other factors as the Secretary determines reflect a verifiable comparative retail price for a representative food product. (e) AdministrationThe Secretary—(1) shall collect information under this section only on a voluntary basis; and (2) shall not impose a penalty on a person for failure to provide the information or otherwise compel a person to provide the information.

7 U.S.C. § 1636g Suspension authority regarding specific terms of price reporting requirements

(a) In generalThe Secretary may suspend any requirement of this subchapter if the Secretary determines that application of the requirement is inconsistent with the purposes of this subchapter. (b) Suspension procedure(1) PeriodA suspension under subsection (a) shall be for a period of not more than 240 days. (2) Action by CongressIf an Act of Congress concerning the requirement that is the subject of the suspension under subsection (a) is not enacted by the end of the period of the suspension established under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall implement the requirement.

7 U.S.C. § 1636h Federal preemption

In order to achieve the goals, purposes, and objectives of this chapter on a nationwide basis and to avoid potentially conflicting State laws that could impede the goals, purposes, or objectives of this chapter, no State or political subdivision of a State may impose a requirement that is in addition to, or inconsistent with, any requirement of this subchapter with respect to the submission or reporting of information, or the publication of such information, on the prices and quantities of livestock or livestock products.

7 U.S.C. § 1636i Termination of authority

The authority provided by this subchapter terminates on September 30, 2026.

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