CFR Subpart SSS

in effect

40 C.F.R. § 60.710 Applicability and designation of affected facility.

(a) The affected facilities to which the provisions of this subpart apply are: (1) Each coating operation; and (2) Each piece of coating mix preparation equipment. (b) Any new coating operation that utilizes less than 38 m 3 of solvent or any modified or reconstructed coating operation that utilizes less than 370 m 3 of solvent for the manufacture of magnetic tape per calendar year is subject only to the requirements of §§ 60.714(a), 60.717(b), and 60.717(c). If the amount of solvent utilized for the manufacture of magnetic tape equals or exceeds these amounts in any calendar year, the facility is subject to § 60.712 and all other sections of this subpart. Once a facility has become subject to § 60.712 and all other sections of this subpart, it will remain subject to those requirements regardless of changes in annual solvent utilization. (c) This subpart applies to any affected facility for which construction, modification, or reconstruction begins after January 22, 1986.

40 C.F.R. § 60.711 Definitions, symbols, and cross reference tables.

(a) All terms used in this subpart that are not defined below have the meaning given to them in the Act and in subpart A of this part. (1) Base film means the substrate that is coated to produce magnetic tape. (2) Capture system means any device or combination of devices that contains or collects an airborne pollutant and directs it into a duct. (3) Coating applicator means any apparatus used to apply a coating to a continuous base film. (4) Coating mix preparation equipment means all mills, mixers, holding tanks, polishing tanks, and other equipment used in the preparation of the magnetic coating formulation but does not include those mills that do not emit VOC because they are closed, sealed, and operated under pressure. (5) Coating operation means any coating applicator, flashoff area, and drying oven located between a base film unwind station and a base film rewind station that coat a continuous base film to produce magnetic tape. (6) Common emission control device means a control device controlling emissions from the coating operation as well as from another emission source within the plant. (7) Concurrent means construction of a control device is commenced or completed within the period beginning 6 months prior to the date construction of affected coating mix preparation equipment commences and ending 2 years after the date construction of affected coating mix preparation equipment is completed. (8) Control device means any apparatus that reduces the quantity of a pollutant emitted to the air. (9) Cover means, with respect to coating mix preparation equipment, a device that lies over the equipment opening to prevent VOC from escaping and that meets the requirements found in § 60.712(c)(1)-(5). (10) Drying oven means a chamber in which heat is used to bake, cure, polymerize, or dry a surface coating. (11) Equivalent diameter means four times the area of an opening divided by its perimeter. (12) Flashoff area means the portion of a coating operation between the coating applicator and the drying oven where solvent begins to evaporate from the coated base film. (13) Magnetic tape means any flexible substrate that is covered on one or both sides with a coating containing magnetic particles and that is used for audio or video recording or information storage. (14) Natural draft opening means any opening in a room, building, or total enclosure that remains open during operation of the facility and that is not connected to a duct in which a fan is installed. The rate and direction of the natural draft across such an opening is a consequence of the difference in pressures on either side of the wall containing the opening. (15) Nominal 1-month period means a calendar month or, if established prior to the performance test in a statement submitted with notification of anticipated startup pursuant to 40 CFR 60.7(a)(2), a similar monthly time period (e.g., 30-day month or accounting month). (16) Temporary enclosure means a total enclosure that is constructed for the sole purpose of measuring the fugitive emissions from an affected facility. A temporary enclosure must be constructed and ventilated (through stacks suitable for testing) so that it has minimal impact on the performance of the permanent capture system. A temporary enclosure will be assumed to achieve total capture of fugitive VOC emissions if it conforms to the requirements found in § 60.713(b)(5)(i) and if all natural draft openings are at least four duct or hood equivalent diameters away from each exhaust duct or hood. Alternatively, the owner or operator may apply to the Administrator for approval of a temporary enclosure on a case-by-case basis. (17) Total enclosure means a structure that is constructed around a source of emissions so that all VOC emissions are collected and exhausted through a stack or duct. With a total enclosure, there will be no fugitive emissions, only stack emissions. The only openings in a total enclosure are forced makeup air and exhaust ducts and any natural draft openings such as those that allow raw materials to enter and exit the enclosure for processing. All access doors or windows are closed during routine operation of the enclosed source. Brief, occasional openings of such doors or windows to accommodate process equipment adjustments are acceptable, but, if such openings are routine or if an access door remains open during the entire operation, the access door must be considered a natural draft opening. The average inward face velocity across the natural draft openings of the enclosure must be calculated including the area of such access doors. The drying oven itself may be part of the total enclosure. A permanent enclosure that meets the requirements found in § 60.713(b)(5)(i) is assumed to be a total enclosure. The owner or operator of a permanent enclosure that does not meet the requirements may apply to the Administrator for approval of the enclosure as a total enclosure on a case-by-case basis. Such approval shall be granted upon a demonstration to the satisfaction of the Administrator that all VOC emissions are contained and vented to the control device. (18) Utilize refers to the use of solvent that is delivered to coating mix preparation equipment for the purpose of formulating coatings to be applied on an affected coating operation and any other solvent (e.g., dilution solvent) that is added at any point in the manufacturing process. (19) VOC content of the coating applied means the product of Method 24 VOC analyses or formulation data (if the data are demonstrated to be equivalent to Method 24 results) and the total volume of coating fed to the coating applicator. This quantity is intended to include all VOC that actually are emitted from the coating operation in the gaseous phase. Thus, for purposes of the liquid-liquid VOC material balance in § 60.713(b)(1), any VOC (including dilution solvent) added to the coatings must be accounted for, and any VOC contained in waste coatings or retained in the final product may be measured and subtracted from the total. (These adjustments are not necessary for the gaseous emission test compliance provisions of § 60.713(b).) (20) Volatile Organic Compounds or VOC means any organic compounds that participate in atmospheric photochemical reactions or that are measured by Method 18, 24, 25, or 25A or an equivalent or alternative method as defined in 40 CFR 60.2. (b) The nomenclature used in this subpart has the following meaning: (1) Ak = the area of each natural draft opening (k) in a total enclosure, in square meters. (2) Caj = the concentration of VOC in each gas stream (j) exiting the emission control device, in parts per million by volume. (3) Cbi = the concentration of VOC in each gas stream (i) entering the emission control device, in parts per million by volume. (4) Cdi = the concentration of VOC in each gas stream (i) entering the emission control device from the affected coating operation, in parts per million by volume. (5) Cfk = the concentration of VOC in each uncontrolled gas stream (k) emitted directly to the atmosphere from the affected coating operation, in parts per million by volume. (6) Cgv = the concentration of VOC in the gas stream entering each individual carbon adsorber vessel (v), in parts per million by volume. For the purposes of calculating the efficiency of the individual adsorber vessel, Cgv may be measured in the carbon adsorption system's common inlet duct prior to the branching of individual inlet ducts. (7) Chv = the concentration of VOC in the gas stream exiting each individual carbon adsorber vessel (v), in parts per million by volume. (8) E = the control device efficiency achieved for the duration of the emission test (expressed as a fraction). (9) F = the VOC emission capture efficiency of the VOC capture system achieved for the duration of the emission test (expressed as a fraction). (10) FV = the average inward face velocity across all natural draft openings in a total enclosure, in meters per hour. (11) G = the calculated weighted average mass of VOC per volume of coating solids (in kilograms per liter) applied each nominal 1-month period. (12) Hv = the individual carbon adsorber vessel (v) efficiency achieved for the duration of the emission test (expressed as a fraction). (13) Hsys = the carbon adsorption system efficiency calculated when each adsorber vessel has an individual exhaust stack. (14) Lsi = the volume fraction of solids in each coating (i) applied during a nominal 1-month period as determined from the facility's formulation records. (15) Mci = the total mass in kilograms of each coating (i) applied at an affected coating operation during a nominal 1-month period as determined from facility records. This quantity shall be determined at a time and location in the process after all ingredients (including any dilution solvent) have been added to the coating, or appropriate adjustments shall be made to account for any ingredients added after the mass of the coating has been determined. (16) Mr = the total mass in kilograms of VOC recovered for a nominal 1-month period. (17) Qaj = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream (j) exiting the emission control device, in dry standard cubic meters per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC concentration or in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when Method 25A is used to measure VOC concentration. (18) Qbi = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream (i) entering the emission control device, in dry standard cubic meters per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC concentration or in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when Method 25A is used to measure VOC concentration. (19) Qdi = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream (i) entering the emission control device from the affected coating operation, in dry standard cubic meters per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC concentration or in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when Method 25A is used to measure VOC concentration. (20) Qfk = the volumetric flow rate of each uncontrolled gas stream (k) emitted directly to the atmosphere from the affected coating operation, in dry standard cubic meters per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC concentration or in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when Method 25A is used to measure VOC concentration. (21) Qgv = the volumetric flow rate of the gas stream entering each individual carbon adsorber vessel (v), in dry standard cubic meters per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC concentration or in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when Method 25A is used to measure VOC concentration. For purposes of calculating the efficiency of the individual adsorber vessel, the value of Qgv can be assumed to equal the value of Qhv measured for that adsorber vessel. (22) Qhv = the volumetric flow rate of the gas stream exiting each individual carbon adsorber vessel (v), in dry standard cubic meters per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC concentration or in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when Method 25A is used to measure VOC concentration. (23) Qini = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream (i) entering the total enclosure through a forced makeup air duct, in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis). (24) Qoutj = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream (j) exiting the total enclosure through an exhaust duct or hood, in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis). (25) R = the overall VOC emission reduction achieved for the duration of the emission test (expressed as a percentage). (26) RSi = the total mass (kg) of VOC retained in the coated base film after oven drying for a given magnetic tape product. (27) Vci = the total volume in liters of each coating (i) applied during a nominal 1-month period as determined from facility records. (28) Woi = the weight fraction of VOC in each coating (i) applied at an affected coating operation during a nominal 1-month period as determined by Method 24. This value shall be determined at a time and location in the process after all ingredients (including any dilution solvent) have been added to the coating, or appropriate adjustments shall be made to account for any ingredients added after the weight fraction of VOC in the coating has been determined. (c) tables 1a and 1b present a cross reference of the affected facility status and the relevant section(s) of the regulation.

40 C.F.R. § 60.712 Standards for volatile organic compounds.

Each owner or operator of any affected facility that is subject to the requirements of this subpart shall comply with the emission limitations set forth in this section on and after the date on which the initial performance test required by § 60.8 is completed, but not later than 60 days after achieving the maximum production rate at which the affected facility will be operated or 180 days after initial startup, whichever date comes first. (a) Each owner or operator shall control emissions from a new coating operation by recovering or destroying at least 93 percent of the VOC content of the coating applied at the coating applicator. (b) Each owner or operator of a modified or reconstructed coating operation shall meet the appropriate standard set out in (b)(1), (2), or (3) of this section. (1) For coating operations demonstrated prior to modification or reconstruction pursuant to § 60.713(a)(1) to have emissions controlled by the recovery or destruction of at least 90 percent of the VOC content of the coating applied at the coating applicator. (i) Subject to the provisions of (b)(1)(ii) of this section, each owner or operator shall continue to control emissions from the coating operation to at least the demonstrated level or 93 percent, whichever is lower. (ii) If the VOC control device in use during the emission reduction demonstration made pursuant to § 60.713(a)(1) is subsequently replaced, each owner or operator shall: (A) Install a control device that is at least 95 percent efficient; and (B) Control emissions from the coating operation to at least the level determined pursuant to § 60.713(a)(3)(ii). (2) For coating operations demonstrated prior to modification or reconstruction pursuant to § 60.713(a)(2) to have a total enclosure installed around the coating operation and all VOC emissions ventilated to a control device that is at least 92 percent efficient. (i) Subject to the provisions of (b)(2)(ii) of this section, each owner or operator shall continue to ventilate all VOC emissions from the total enclosure to the control device and maintain control device efficiency at or above the demonstrated level or 95 percent, whichever is lower. (ii) If the VOC control device in use during the control device efficiency demonstration made pursuant to § 60.713(a)(2) is subsequently replaced, each owner or operator shall install a VOC control device that is at least 95 percent efficient and ventilate all VOC emissions from the total enclosure to the control device. (3) For coating operations not subject to paragraph (b)(1) or (2) of this section, each owner or operator shall control emissions from the coating operation by recovering or destroying at least 93 percent of the VOC content of the coating applied at the coating applicator. (c) Each owner or operator constructing new coating mix preparation equipment with concurrent construction of a new VOC control device (other than a condenser) on a magnetic tape coating operation shall control emissions from the coating mix preparation equipment by installing and using a cover on each piece of equipment and venting the equipment to a 95 percent efficient control device. Each cover shall meet the following specifications: (1) Cover shall be closed at all times except when adding ingredients, withdrawing samples, transferring the contents, or making visual inspection when such activities cannot be carried out with cover in place. Such activities shall be carried out through ports of the minimum practical size. (2) Cover shall extend at least 2 cm beyond the outer rim of the opening or shall be attached to the rim; (3) Cover shall be of such design and construction that contact is maintained between cover and rim along the entire perimeter; (4) Any breach in the cover (such as an opening for insertion of a mixer shaft or port for addition of ingredients) shall be covered consistent with (c)(2) and (3) of this section when not actively in use. An opening sufficient to allow safe clearance for a mixer shaft is acceptable during those periods when the shaft is in place; and (5) A polyethylene or nonpermanent cover may be used provided it meets the requirements of (c)(2), (3), and (4) of this section. Such a cover shall not be reused after once being removed. (d) Each owner or operator of affected coating mix preparation equipment not subject to § 60.712(c) shall control emissions from the coating mix preparation equipment by either: (1) Installing and using a cover that meets the specifications in paragraphs (c)(1)-(5) of this section and venting VOC emissions from the equipment to a VOC control device; or (2) Installing and using a cover that meets the specifications in paragraphs (c)(1)-(5) of this section. (e) In lieu of complying with § 60.712(a) through (d), each owner or operator may use coatings that contain a maximum of 0.20 kg of VOC per liter of coating solids as calculated on a weighted average basis for each nominal 1-month period.

40 C.F.R. § 60.713 Compliance provisions.

(a) Applicability of § 60.712(b)(1) and (2) (standards for modified or reconstructed coating operations) and determination of control level required in § 60.712(b)(1)(ii)(B). (1) To establish applicability of § 60.712(b)(1), each owner or operator must demonstrate, prior to modification or reconstruction, that at least 90 percent of the VOC content of the coating applied at the coating applicator is recovered or destroyed. Such demonstration shall be made using the procedures of paragraph (b)(1), (b)(2), (b)(3), or (b)(4) of this section, as appropriate. (2) To establish applicability of § 60.712(b)(2), each owner or operator must demonstrate, prior to modification or reconstruction, that a total enclosure is installed around the existing coating operation and that all VOC emissions are ventilated to a control device that is at least 92 percent efficient. Such demonstration shall be made using the procedures of § 60.713(b)(5). (3) To determine the level of control required in § 60.712(b)(1)(ii)(B), the owner or operator must demonstrate: (i) That the VOC control device subsequently installed is at least 95 percent efficient. Such demonstration shall be made using Equation (2) specified in paragraph (b)(2)(iv) of this section or Equations (4) and (5) specified in paragraphs (b)(3)(iv) and (v) of this section, as applicable, and the test methods and procedures specified in § 60.715(b)-(g); and (ii) That the overall level of control after the VOC control device is installed is at least as high as the level demonstrated prior to modification or reconstruction pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of this section. Such demonstrations shall be made using the procedures of paragraph (b)(1), (b)(2), (b)(3), or (b)(4) of this section, as appropriate. The required overall level of control subsequent to this demonstration shall be the level so demonstrated or 93 percent, whichever is lower. (b) Compliance demonstrations for § 60.712(a), (b)(1), (b)(2), (b)(3), (c), (d), and (e). (1) To demonstrate compliance with § 60.712(a), (b)(1), or (b)(3) (standards for coating operations) when emissions from only the affected coating operations are controlled by a dedicated solvent recovery device, each owner or operator of the affected coating operation shall perform a liquid-liquid VOC material balance over each and every nominal 1-month period. When demonstrating compliance by this procedure, § 60.8(f) of the General Provisions does not apply. The amount of liquid VOC applied and recovered shall be determined as discussed in paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this section. The overall VOC emission reduction (R) is calculated using the following equation: (i) The value of RSi is zero unless the owner or operator submits the following information to the Administrator for approval of a measured value of RSi that is greater than zero: (A) Measurement techniques; and (B) Documentation that the measured value of RSi exceeds zero. (ii) The measurement techniques of paragraph (b)(1)(i)(A) of this section shall be submitted to the Administrator for approval with the notification of anticipated startup required under § 60.7(a)(2) of the General Provisions. (iii) Each owner or operator demonstrating compliance by the test method described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section shall: (A) Measure the amount of coating applied at the coating applicator; (B) Determine the VOC content of all coatings applied using the test method specified in § 60.715(a); (C) Install, calibrate, maintain, and operate, according to the manufacturer's specifications, a device that indicates the cumulative amount of VOC recovered by the solvent recovery device over each nominal 1-month period. The device shall be certified by the manufacturer to be accurate to within ±2.0 percent; (D) Measure the amount of VOC recovered; and (E) Calculate the overall VOC emission reduction (R) for each and every nominal 1-month period using Equation 1. (iv) For facilities subject to § 60.712 (a) or (b)(3), compliance is demonstrated if the value of R is equal to or greater than 93 percent. (v) Subject to the provisions of (b)(1)(vi) of this section, for facilities subject to § 60.712(b)(1), compliance is demonstrated if the value of R is equal to or greater than the percent reduction demonstrated pursuant to § 60.713(a)(1) prior to modification or reconstruction or 93 percent whichever is lower. (vi) For facilities subject to § 60.712(b)(1)(ii), compliance is demonstrated if the value of E (control device efficiency) is greater than or equal to 0.95 and if the value of R is equal to or greater than the percent reduction demonstrated pursuant to § 60.713(a)(3) or 93 percent, whichever is lower. (2) To demonstrate compliance with § 60.712(a), (b)(1), or (b)(3) (standards for coating operations) when the emissions from only an affected coating operation are controlled by a dedicated incinerator or when a common emission control device (other than a fixed-bed carbon adsorption system with individual exhaust stacks for each adsorber vessel) is used to control emissions from an affected coating operation as well as from other sources of VOC, each owner or operator of an affected coating operation shall perform a gaseous emission test using the following procedures: (i) Construct the overall VOC emission reduction system so that all volumetric flow rates and total VOC emissions can be accurately determined by the applicable test methods and procedures specified in § 60.715(b) through (g); (ii) Determine capture efficiency from the coating operation by capturing, venting, and measuring all VOC emissions from the operation. During a performance test, the owner or operator of an affected coating operation located in an area with other sources of VOC shall isolate the coating operation emissions from all other sources of VOC by one of the following methods: (A) Build a temporary enclosure (see § 60.711(a)(16)) around the affected coating operation; or (B) Shut down all other sources of VOC and continue to exhaust fugitive emissions from the affected coating operation through any building ventilation system and other room exhausts such as drying ovens. All ventilation air must be vented through stacks suitable for testing; (iii) Operate the emission control device with all emission sources connected and operating; (iv) Determine the efficiency (E) of the control device using the following equation: (v) Determine the efficiency (F) of the VOC capture system using the following equation: (vi) For each affected coating operation subject to § 60.712(a) or (b)(3), compliance is demonstrated if the product of (E) × (F) is equal to or greater than 0.93. (vii) For each affected coating operation subject to § 60.712(b)(1)(i), compliance is demonstrated if the product of (E) × (F) is equal to or greater than the fractional reduction demonstrated pursuant to § 60.713(a)(1) prior to modification or reconstruction or 0.93, whichever is lower. (viii) For each affected coating operation subject to § 60.712(b)(1)(ii), compliance is demonstrated if the value of E is greater than or equal to 0.95 and if the product of (E) × (F) is equal to or greater than the fractional reduction demonstrated pursuant to § 60.713(a)(3) or 0.93, whichever is lower. (3) To demonstrate compliance with § 60.712(a), (b)(1), or (b)(3) (standards for coating operations) when a fixed-bed carbon adsorption system with individual exhaust stacks for each adsorber vessel is used to control emissions from an affected coating operation as well as from other sources of VOC, each owner or operator of an affected coating operation shall perform a gaseous emission test using the following procedures: (i) Construct the overall VOC emission reduction system so that each volumetric flow rate and the total VOC emissions can be accurately determined by the applicable test methods and procedures specified in § 60.715(b) through (g); (ii) Assure that all VOC emissions from the coating operation are segregated from other VOC sources and that the emissions can be captured for measurement, as described in § 60.713(b)(2)(ii)(A) and (B); (iii) Operate the emission control device with all emission sources connected and operating; (iv) Determine the efficiency (Hv) of each individual adsorber vessel (v) using the following equation: (v) Determine the efficiency of the carbon adsorption system (Hsys) by computing the average efficiency of the adsorber vessels as weighted by the volumetric flow rate (Qhv) of each individual adsorber vessel (v) using the following equation: (vi) Determine the efficiency (F) of the VOC capture system using Equation (3). (vii) For the affected coating operation subject to § 60.712(a) or (b)(3), compliance is demonstrated if the product of (Hsys) × (F) is equal to or greater than 0.93. (viii) For the affected coating operation subject to § 60.712(b)(1)(i), compliance is demonstrated if the product of (Hsys) × (F) is equal to or greater than the fractional reduction demonstrated pursuant to § 60.713(a)(1) prior to modification or reconstruction or 0.93, whichever is lower. (ix) For each affected coating operation subject to § 60.712(b)(1)(ii), compliance is demonstrated if the value of Hsys is greater than or equal to 0.95 and if the product of (Hsys) × (F) is equal to or greater than the fractional reduction demonstrated pursuant to § 60.713(a)(3) or 0.93, whichever is lower. (4) To demonstrate compliance with § 60.712(a), (b)(1), or (b)(3) (standards for coating operations) when the VOC emissions from more than one affected coating operation are collected by a common capture system and are vented through a common duct to a control device that is also controlling emissions from nonaffected sources and the emissions from the nonaffected sources are vented separately from the affected coating operations, the owner or operator may: (i) Consider the combined affected coating operations as a single emission source; and (ii) Conduct a compliance test on this single source by the methods described in § 60.713(b)(2) or (3), as applicable. (5) An alternative method of demonstrating compliance with § 60.712(a) or (b)(3) (standards for coating operations) and the sole method of demonstrating compliance with § 60.712(b)(2) (standards for modified or reconstructed coating operations) is the installation of a total enclosure around the coating operation and the ventilation of all VOC emissions from the total enclosure to a control device with the efficiency specified in paragraph (b)(5)(iii)(A) or (B) of this section, as applicable. If this method is selected, the compliance test methods described in paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2), (b)(3), and (b)(4) of this section are not required. Instead, each owner or operator of an affected coating operation shall: (i) Demonstrate that a total enclosure is installed. An enclosure that meets the requirements in paragraphs (b)(5)(i)(A) through (D) of this section shall be assumed to be a total enclosure. The owner or operator of an enclosed coating operation that does not meet the requirements may apply to the Administrator for approval of the enclosure as a total enclosure on a case-by-case basis. The enclosure shall be considered a total enclosure if it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Administrator that all VOC emissions from the affected coating operation are contained and vented to the control device. The requirements for automatic approval are as follows: (A) Total area of all natural draft openings shall not exceed 5 percent of the total surface area of the total enclosure's walls, floor, and ceiling; (B) All sources of emissions within the enclosure shall be a minimum of four equivalent diameters away from each natural draft opening; (C) Average inward face velocity across all natural draft openings (FV) shall be a minimum of 3,600 meters per hour as determined by the following procedures: (1) Construct all forced makeup air ducts and all exhaust ducts so that the volumetric flow rate in each can be accurately determined by the test methods and procedures specified in § 60.715(c) and (d). Volumetric flow rates shall be calculated without the adjustment normally made for moisture content; and (2) Determine FV by the following equation: (D) The air passing through all natural draft openings shall flow into the enclosure continuously. If FV is less than or equal to 9,000 meters per hour, the continuous inward flow of air shall be verified by continuous observation using smoke tubes, streamers, tracer gases, or other means approved by the Administrator over the period that the volumetric flow rate tests required to determine FV are carried out. If FV is greater than 9,000 meters per hour, the direction of airflow through the natural draft openings shall be presumed to be inward at all times without verification. (ii) Determine the control device efficiency using Equation (2) or Equations (4) and (5), as applicable, and the test methods and procedures specified in § 60.715(b) through (g). (iii) Compliance is demonstrated if the installation of a total enclosure is demonstrated and the value of E determined from Equation (2) (or the value of Hsys determined from Equations (4) and (5), as applicable) is equal to or greater than the required efficiency as specified below: (A) For coating operations subject to the standards of § 60.712(a), (b)(2)(ii), and (b)(3), 0.95 (95 percent); or (B) For coating operations subject to the standards of § 60.712(b)(2)(i), the value of E determined from Equation (2) (or the value of Hsys determined from Equations (4) and (5), as applicable) pursuant to § 60.713(a)(2) prior to modification or reconstruction or 0.95 (95 percent), whichever is lower. (6) To demonstrate compliance with § 60.712(c) (standard for new mix equipment with concurrent construction of a control device), each owner or operator of affected coating mix preparation equipment shall demonstrate upon inspection that: (i) Covers satisfying the requirements of § 60.712(c)(1)-(5) have been installed and are being used properly; (ii) Procedures detailing the proper use of covers, as specified in § 60.712(c)(1), have been posted in all areas where affected coating mix preparation equipment is used; (iii) The coating mix preparation equipment is vented to a control device; and (iv) The control device efficiency (E or Hsys, as applicable) determined using Equation (2) or Equations (4) and (5), respectively, and the test methods and procedures specified in § 60.715(b)-(g) is equal to or greater than 0.95. (7) To demonstrate compliance with § 60.712(d)(1) (standard for mix equipment), each owner or operator of affected coating mix preparation equipment shall demonstrate upon inspection that: (i) Covers satisfying the requirements of § 60.712(c)(1)-(5) have been installed and are being used properly; (ii) Procedures detailing the proper use of covers, as specified in § 60.712(c)(1), have been posted in all areas where affected coating mix preparation equipment is used; and (iii) The coating mix preparation equipment is vented to a control device. (8) To demonstrate compliance with § 60.712(d)(2) (standard for mix equipment), each owner or operator of affected coating mix preparation equipment shall demonstrate upon inspection that both: (i) Covers satisfying the requirements of § 60.712(c)(1)-(5) have been installed and are being used properly; and (ii) Procedures detailing the proper use of covers, as specified in § 60.712(c)(1), have been posted in all areas where affected coating mix preparation equipment is used. (9) To determine compliance with § 60.712(e) (high-solids coatings alternative standard), each owner or operator of an affected facility shall determine the weighted average mass of VOC contained in the coating per volume of coating solids applied for each and every nominal 1-month period according to the following procedures: (i) Determine the weight fraction of VOC in each coating applied using Method 24 as specified in § 60.715(a); (ii) Determine the volume of coating solids in each coating applied from the facility records; and (iii) Compute the weighted average by the following equation: (iv) For each affected facility where the value of G is less than or equal to 0.20 kilogram of VOC per liter of coating solids applied, the facility is in compliance. (c) Startups and shutdowns are normal operation for this source category. Emissions from these operations are to be included when determining if the standards for coating operations specified in § 60.712(a) and (b) are being attained. (d) If a control device other than a carbon adsorber, condenser, or incinerator is used to control emissions from an affected facility, the necessary operating specifications for that device must be obtained from the Administrator. An example of such a device is a flare.

40 C.F.R. § 60.714 Installation of monitoring devices and recordkeeping.

All monitoring devices required under the provisions of this section shall be installed and calibrated, according to the manufacturer's specifications, prior to the initial performance tests in locations such that representative values of the monitored parameters will be obtained. The parameters to be monitored shall be continuously measured and recorded during all performance tests. (a) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation that utilizes less solvent annually than the applicable cutoff provided in § 60.710(b) and that is not subject to § 60.712 (standards for coating operations) shall maintain records of actual solvent use. (b) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation demonstrating compliance by the test method described in § 60.713(b)(1) (liquid material balance) shall maintain records of all the following for each and every nominal 1-month period: (1) Amount of coating applied at the applicator; (2) Results of the reference test method specified in § 60.715(a) for determining the VOC content of all coatings applied; (3) Amount VOC recovered; and (4) Calculation of the percent VOC recovered. (c) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation or affected coating mix preparation equipment controlled by a carbon adsorption system and demonstrating compliance by the procedures described in § 60.713(b)(2), (3), (4), (5), or (6) (which include control device efficiency determinations) shall carry out the monitoring and recordkeeping provisions of paragraph (c)(1) or (2) of this section, as appropriate. (1) For carbon adsorption systems with a common exhaust stack for all the individual adsorber vessels, install, calibrate, maintain, and operate, according to the manufacturer's specifications, a monitoring device that continuously indicates and records the concentration level of organic compounds in either the control device outlet gas stream or in both the control device inlet and outlet gas streams. The outlet gas stream would be monitored if the percent increase in the concentration level of organic compounds is used as the basis for reporting, as described in § 60.717(d)(3). The inlet and outlet gas streams would be monitored if the percent control device efficiency is used as the basis for reporting, as described in § 60.717(d)(4). (2) For carbon adsorption systems with individual exhaust stacks for each adsorber vessel, install, calibrate, maintain, and operate, according to the manufacturer's specifications, a monitoring device that continuously indicates and records the concentration level of organic compounds in the outlet gas stream for a minimum of one complete adsorption cycle per day for each adsorber vessel. The owner or operator may also monitor and record the concentration level of organic compounds in the common carbon adsorption system inlet gas stream or in each individual carbon adsorber vessel inlet stream. The outlet gas streams alone would be monitored if the percent increase in the concentration level of organic compounds is used as the basis for reporting, as described in § 60.717(d)(3). In this case, the owner or operator shall compute daily a 3-day rolling average concentration level of organics in the outlet gas stream from each individual adsorber vessel. The inlet and outlet gas streams would be monitored if the percent control device efficiency is used as the basis for reporting, as described in § 60.717(d)(4). In this case, the owner or operator shall compute daily a 3-day rolling average efficiency for each individual adsorber vessel. (d) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation controlled by a condensation system and demonstrating compliance by the procedures described in § 60.713(b)(2), (4), or (5) (which include control device efficiency determinations) shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate, according to the manufacturer's specifications, a monitoring device that continuously indicates and records the temperature of the condenser exhaust stream. (e) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation or affected coating mix preparation equipment controlled by a thermal incinerator and demonstrating compliance by the procedures described in § 60.713(b)(2), (4), (5), or (6) (which include control device efficiency determinations) shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate, according to the manufacturer's specifications, a monitoring device that continuously indicates and records the combustion temperature of the incinerator. The monitoring device shall have an accuracy within ±1 percent of the temperature being measured in Celsius degrees. (f) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation or affected coating mix preparation equipment controlled by a catalytic incinerator and demonstrating compliance by the procedures described in § 60.713(b)(2), (4), (5), or (6) (which include control device efficiency determinations) shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate, according to the manufacturer's specifications, a monitoring device that continuously indicates and records the gas temperature both upstream and downstream of the catalyst bed. The monitoring device shall have an accuracy within ±1 percent of the temperature being measured in Celsius degrees. (g) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation demonstrating compliance pursuant to § 60.713(b)(2), (3), or (4) (which include VOC capture system efficiency determinations) shall submit a monitoring plan for the VOC capture system to the Administrator for approval along with the notification of anticipated startup required under § 60.7(a)(2) of the General Provisions. This plan shall identify the parameter to be monitored as an indicator of VOC capture system performance (e.g., the amperage to the exhaust fans or duct flow rates) and the method for monitoring the chosen parameter. The owner or operator shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate, according to the manufacturer's specifications, a monitoring device that continuously indicates and records the value of the chosen parameter. (h) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation who uses the equipment alternative described in § 60.713(b)(5) to demonstrate compliance shall follow the procedures described in paragraph (g) of this section to establish a monitoring plan for the total enclosure. (i) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation shall record time periods of coating operations when an emission control device is not in use. (j) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation or affected coating mix preparation equipment complying with § 60.712(e) shall maintain records of the monthly weighted average mass of VOC contained in the coating per volume of coating solids applied for each coating, as described in § 60.713(b)(9)(i) through (iv). (k) Records of the measurements and calculations required in §§ 60.713 and 60.714 must be retained for at least 2 years following the date of the measurements and calculations.

40 C.F.R. § 60.715 Test methods and procedures.

Methods in appendix A of this part, except as provided under § 60.8(b), shall be used to determine compliance as follows: (a) Method 24 is used to determine the VOC content in coatings. If it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Administrator that plant coating formulation data are equivalent to Method 24 results, formulation data may be used. In the event of any inconsistency between a Method 24 test and a facility's formulation data, the Method 24 test will govern. For Method 24, the coating sample must be a 1-liter sample taken into a 1-liter container at a location and time such that the sample will be representative of the coating applied to the base film (i.e., the sample shall include any dilution solvent or other VOC added during the manufacturing process). The container must be tightly sealed immediately after the sample is taken. Any solvent or other VOC added after the sample is taken must be measured and accounted for in the calculations that use Method 24 results. (b) Method 18, 25, or 25A, as appropriate to the conditions at the site, is used to determine VOC concentration. The owner or operator shall submit notice of the intended test method to the Administrator for approval along with the notification of the performance test required under § 60.8(d) of the General Provisions. Method selection shall be based on consideration of the diversity of organic species present and their total concentration and on consideration of the potential presence of interfering gases. Except as indicated in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section, the test shall consist of three separate runs, each lasting a minimum of 30 minutes. (1) When the method is to be used in the determination of the efficiency of a fixed-bed carbon adsorption system with a common exhaust stack for all the individual adsorber vessels pursuant to § 60.713(b)(2), (4), (5), or (6), the test shall consist of three separate runs, each coinciding with one or more complete sequences through the adsorption cycles of all the individual adsorber vessels. (2) When the method is to be used in the determination of the efficiency of a fixed-bed carbon adsorption system with individual exhaust stacks for each adsorber vessel pursuant to § 60.713(b)(3), (4), (5), or (6), each adsorber vessel shall be tested individually. The test for each adsorber vessel shall consist of three separate runs. Each run shall coincide with one or more complete adsorption cycles. (c) Method 1 or 1A is used for sample and velocity traverses. (d) Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D is used for velocity and volumetric flow rates. (e) Method 3 is used for gas analysis. (f) Method 4 is used for stack gas moisture. (g) Methods 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 3, and 4 shall be performed, as applicable, at least twice during each test period.

40 C.F.R. § 60.716 Permission to use alternative means of emission limitation.

(a) If, in the Administrator's judgment, an alternative means of emission limitation will achieve a reduction in emissions of VOC from any emission point subject to § 60.712(c) or (d) (standards for mix equipment) at least equivalent to that required by § 60.712 (c) or (d), respectively, the Administrator will publish in the Federal Register a notice permitting the use of the alternative means. The notice may condition permission on requirements related to the operation and maintenance of the alternative means. (b) Any notice under paragraph (a) of this section shall be published only after public notice and an opportunity for a public hearing. (c) Any person seeking permission under this section shall submit either results from an emission test that documents the collection and measurement of all VOC emissions from a given control device or an engineering evaluation that documents the determination of such emissions.

40 C.F.R. § 60.717 Reporting and monitoring requirements.

(a) For all affected coating operations subject to § 60.712(a), (b)(1), (b)(2), or (b)(3) and all affected coating mix preparation equipment subject to § 60.712(c), the performance test data and results shall be submitted to the Administrator as specified in § 60.8(a) of the General Provisions (40 CFR part 60, subpart A). In addition, the average values of the monitored parameters measured at least every 15 minutes and averaged over the period of the performance test shall be submitted with the results of all performance tests. (b) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation claiming to utilize less than the applicable volume of solvent specified in § 60.710(b) in the first calendar year of operation shall submit to the Administrator, with the notification of projected startup, a material flow chart indicating projected solvent use. The owner or operator shall also submit actual solvent use records at the end of the initial calendar year. (c) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation initially utilizing less than the applicable volume of solvent specified in § 60.710(b) per calendar year shall report the first calendar year in which actual annual solvent use exceeds the applicable volume. (d) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation, or affected coating mix preparation equipment subject to § 60.712(c), shall submit semiannual reports to the Administrator documenting the following: (1) The 1-month amount of VOC contained in the coating, the VOC recovered, and the percent emission reduction for months of noncompliance for any affected coating operation demonstrating compliance by the performance test method described in § 60.713(b)(1) (liquid material balance); (2) The VOC contained in the coatings for the manufacture of magnetic tape for any 1-month period during which the weighted average solvent content (G) of the coatings exceeded 0.20 kilogram per liter of coating solids for those affected facilities complying with § 60.712(e) (high-solids coatings alternative standard); (3) For those affected facilities monitoring only the carbon adsorption system outlet concentration levels of organic compounds, the periods (during actual coating operations) specified in paragraph (d)(3)(i) or (ii) of this section, as applicable. (i) For carbon adsorption systems with a common exhaust stack for all the individual adsorber vessels, all periods of three consecutive adsorption cycles of all the individual adsorber vessels during which the average value of the concentration level of organic compounds in the common outlet gas stream is more than 20 percent greater than the average value measured during the most recent performance test that demonstrated compliance. (ii) For carbon adsorption systems with individual exhaust stacks for each adsorber vessel, all 3-day rolling averages for each adsorber vessel when the concentration level of organic compounds in the individual outlet gas stream is more than 20 percent greater than the average value for that adsorber vessel measured during the most recent performance test that demonstrated compliance. (4) For those affected facilities monitoring both the carbon adsorption system inlet and outlet concentration levels of organic compounds, the periods (during actual coating operations), specified in (d)(4)(i) or (ii) of this section, as applicable. (i) For carbon adsorption systems with a common exhaust stack for all the individual adsorber vessels, all periods of three consecutive adsorption cycles of all the individual adsorber vessels during which the average carbon adsorption system efficiency falls below the applicable level as follows: (A) For those affected facilities demonstrating compliance by the performance test method described in § 60.713(b)(2) or (4), the value of E determined using Equation (2) during the most recent performance test that demonstrated compliance. (B) For those affected facilities demonstrating compliance pursuant to § 60.713(b)(5)(iii)(A) or § 60.713(b)(6), 0.95 (95 percent). (C) For those affected facilities demonstrating compliance pursuant to § 60.713(b)(5)(iii)(B), the required value of E determined using Equation (2) pursuant to § 60.713(a)(2) prior to modification or reconstruction or 0.95 (95 percent), whichever is lower. (ii) For carbon adsorption systems with individual exhaust stacks for each adsorber vessel, all 3-day rolling averages for each adsorber vessel when the efficiency falls below the applicable level as follows: (A) For those affected facilities demonstrating compliance by the performance test method described in § 60.713(b)(3) or (4), the value of Hv determined using Equation (4) during the most recent performance test that demonstrated compliance. (B) For those affected facilities demonstrating compliance pursuant to § 60.713(b)(5)(iii)(A) or § 60.713(b)(6), 0.95 (95 percent). (C) For those affected facilities demonstrating compliance pursuant to § 60.713(b)(5)(iii)(B), the value of Hv determined using Equation 4 pursuant to § 60.713(a)(2) prior to modification or reconstruction. (5) All 3-hour periods (during actual coating operations) during which the average exhaust temperature is 5 or more Celsius degrees above the average temperature measured during the most recent performance test that demonstrated compliance for those affected facilities monitoring condenser exhaust gas temperature; (6) All 3-hour periods (during actual coating operations) during which the average combustion temperature is more than 28 Celsius degrees below the average combustion temperature during the most recent performance test that demonstrated compliance for those affected facilities monitoring thermal incinerator combustion gas temperature; (7) All 3-hour periods (during actual coating operations) during which the average gas temperature immediately before the catalyst bed is more than 28 Celsius degrees below the average gas temperature during the most recent performance test that demonstrated compliance and all 3-hour periods (during actual coating operations) during which the average gas temperature difference across the catalyst bed is less than 80 percent of the average gas temperature difference during the most recent performance test that demonstrated compliance for those affected facilities monitoring catalytic incinerator catalyst bed temperature; and (8) All 3-hour periods (during actual coating operations) during which the average total enclosure or VOC capture system monitoring device readings vary by 5 percent or more from the average value measured during the most recent performance test that demonstrated compliance for those affected facilities monitoring a total enclosure pursuant to § 60.714(h) or VOC capture system pursuant to § 60.714(g). (e) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation, or affected coating mix preparation equipment subject to § 60.712(c), not required to submit reports under § 60.717(d) because no reportable periods have occurred shall submit semiannual reports so affirming. (f) Each owner or operator of affected coating mix preparation equipment that is constructed at a time when no affected coating operation is being constructed shall: (1) Be exempt from the reporting requirements specified in § 60.7(a)(1), (2), and (4); and (2) Submit the notification of actual startup specified in § 60.7(a)(3). (g) The owner or operator of affected coating mix preparation equipment that is constructed at the same time as an affected coating operation shall include the affected coating mix preparation equipment in all the reporting requirements for the affected coating operation specified in § 60.7(a)(1) through (4). (h) The reports required under paragraphs (b) through (e) of this section shall be postmarked within 30 days of the end of the reporting period. (i) The requirements of this subsection remain in force until and unless EPA, in delegating enforcement authority to a State under section 111(c) of the Act, approves reporting requirements or an alternative means of compliance surveillance adopted by such States. In this event, affected sources within the State will be relieved of the obligation to comply with this subsection, provided that they comply with the requirements established by the State.

40 C.F.R. § 60.718 Delegation of authority.

(a) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority to a State under section 111(c) of the Act, the authorities contained in paragraph (b) of this section shall be retained by the Administrator and not transferred to a State. (b) Authorities which will not be delegated to States: § 60.711(a)(16) § 60.713(b)(1)(i) § 60.713(b)(1)(ii) § 60.713(b)(5)(i) § 60.713(d) § 60.715(a) § 60.716