Cal. Penal Code - PEN § 1320.35. Section 1320.35.
(a)
It is the intent of the Legislature in enacting this section to understand and reduce biases based on gender, income level, race, or ethnicity in pretrial release decisionmaking.
(b)
For the purposes of this section, the following terms have the following meanings:
(1)
“Pretrial risk assessment tool” means an instrument used to determine the risks associated with individuals in the pretrial context.
(2)
“Pretrial services agency” means a local public agency that elects to perform pretrial risk assessments on individuals and provides the assessment information to a court.
(3)
“Release conditions framework” means the guidelines used by the pretrial services agency and the court to categorize varying degrees of risk for purposes of recommending whether to release or detain a person, whether to impose pretrial release conditions on a person, and guidance regarding those conditions.
(4)
“Validate” means using scientifically accepted methods to measure both of the following:
(A)
The accuracy and reliability of the risk assessment tool in assessing (i) the risk that an assessed person will fail to appear in court as required and (ii) the risk to public safety due to the commission of a new criminal offense if the person is released before the
adjudication of the current criminal offense for which they have been charged.
(B)
Any disparate effect or bias in the risk assessment tool based on gender, race, or ethnicity.
(c)
(1)
Any pretrial risk assessment tool used by a pretrial services agency shall be validated by
July 1, 2021, and on a regular basis thereafter, but no less frequently than once every three years. A pretrial services agency may coordinate with the Judicial Council to validate a pretrial risk assessment tool.
(2)
A pretrial risk assessment tool shall be validated using the most recent data collected by the pretrial services agency within its jurisdiction, or, if that data is unavailable, using the most recent data collected by a pretrial services agency in a similar jurisdiction within California.
(d)
(1)
In order to increase transparency, a pretrial services agency shall, with regard to a pretrial risk assessment tool that it utilizes, make the following information publicly available:
(A)
Line items, scoring, and weighting, as well as details on
how each line item is scored, for each pretrial risk assessment tool that the agency uses.
(B)
Validation studies for each pretrial risk assessment tool that the agency uses.
(2)
A pretrial services agency shall, when selecting which pretrial risk assessment tool to utilize, ensure that the agency would be able to comply with paragraph (1) if that tool was selected.
(e)
The Judicial Council shall maintain a list of pretrial services agencies that have satisfied the validation requirement described in subdivision (c) and complied with the transparency requirements described in subdivision (d).
(f)
Beginning on or before
June 30, 2021, and on or before
June 30 of each year thereafter, the Judicial Council shall publish on its internet website a report with data related to outcomes and potential biases in pretrial release. The report shall, at a minimum, include:
(1)
The following information on each county pretrial release program:
(A)
The name of the pretrial risk assessment tool that is used to inform release decisions by the court.
(B)
The release conditions framework used in the county.
(C)
Whether a pretrial services agency is conducting interviews as part of the risk assessment.
(2)
The following information by superior court in large and medium courts and otherwise aggregated by superior
court size:
(A)
Rates of release granted prearraignment and rates of release granted pretrial, aggregated by gender, race or ethnicity, ZIP Code of residency and offense type.
(B)
The percent of released individuals who make their required court appearances, aggregated by offense type and whether they were released on bail or pursuant to a risk assessment. For those released pursuant to a risk assessment, this information shall be aggregated by risk level.
(C)
The percent of released individuals who are not charged with a new offense during the pretrial stage, aggregated by offense type and whether they were released on bail or pursuant to a risk assessment. For those released pursuant to a risk assessment, this information shall be aggregated by risk level.
(D)
The number of assessed individuals by age, ZIP Code of residency, gender, and race or ethnicity.
(E)
The number of assessed individuals by risk level, ZIP Code of residency, booking charge level, and release decision.
(F)
The number and percentage of assessed individuals who receive pretrial supervision by level of supervision.
(G)
The number and percentage of assessed individuals, by supervision level, who fail to appear in court as required, are arrested for a new offense during the pretrial period, or have pretrial release revoked.
(3)
The following information on each risk assessment tool:
(A)
The percent of released individuals who attend all of their required court
appearances and are not charged with a new offense during the pretrial stage, aggregated by risk level.
(B)
Risk levels aggregated by race or ethnicity, gender, offense type, ZIP Code of residency, and release or detention decision.
(C)
The predictive accuracy of the tool by gender, race or ethnicity, and offense type.
(D)
The proportion of cases in which the release or detention recommendation derived from the risk assessment is different than the release or detention decision imposed by the judicial officer.
(4)
If feasible, the Judicial Council shall provide information on any disparate effect in the tools based on income level.
(g)
(1)
Pretrial services agencies
and courts shall provide the Judicial Council the requisite data, as determined by the Judicial Council, to meet the requirements of this section.
(2)
The Department of Justice shall work with the Judicial Council to provide the data necessary to fulfill the requirements of this section.
(3)
The Judicial Council shall not share any individual-level data with any outside entity unless it has entered into a contract for research purposes with the entity and privacy protections are established to anonymize the data.
(h)
The requirements of subdivisions (f) and (g) shall apply to pretrial services agencies that perform risk assessments pursuant to a contractual agreement with the courts, including all of the following:
(1)
Agencies funded pursuant to the
Budget Act of 2019 as pretrial pilot projects.
(2)
Agencies otherwise funded by the state to perform risk assessments.
(3)
Other agencies that perform risk assessments as long as sufficient funding is provided to the Judicial Council, the superior courts, and pretrial services agencies to ensure their ability to meet the data reporting requirements and standards set by the Judicial Council.
(i)
(1)
By January 1, 2023, the Judicial Council shall provide a report to the courts and the Legislature containing recommendations to mitigate bias and disparate effect in pretrial decisionmaking.
(2)
A report to be submitted pursuant to this subdivision shall be submitted in compliance with Section 9795 of the Government Code.