Underground facilities identified in bid or contract — Excavator's duty of reasonable care — Liability for damages — Attorneys' fees.
RCW 19.122.040
in effect(1) Project owners shall indicate in bid or contract documents the existence of underground facilities known by the project owner to be located within the proposed area of excavation. The following are deemed to be changed or differing site conditions: (a) An underground facility not identified as required by this chapter or other provision of law; or (b) An underground facility not located, as required by this chapter or other provision of law, by the project owner, facility operator, or excavator if the project owner or excavator is also a facility operator. (2) An excavator shall use reasonable care to avoid damaging underground facilities. An excavator must: (a) Determine the precise location of underground facilities which have been marked pursuant to RCW 19.122.030 ; (b) Plan the excavation to avoid damage to or minimize interference with underground facilities in and near the excavation area; (c) Provide such support for underground facilities in and near the construction area, including during backfill operations, as may be reasonably necessary for the protection of such facilities; (d) Use safe and careful work methods, taking into consideration the known and unknown underground facilities and the surface and subsurface to be excavated. If the marking is on a hard surface, methods of excavation may include pneumatic hand tools or other excavation methods that are commonly accepted as permissible for the type of surface encountered; and (e) When directional boring will be implemented as a method of underground excavation, supplement white lining with physical exposure to avoid blind boring. (3) If an underground facility is damaged and such damage is the consequence of the failure to fulfill an obligation under this chapter, the party failing to perform that obligation is liable for any damages. Any clause in an excavation contract which attempts to allocate liability, or requires indemnification to shift the economic consequences of liability, that differs from the provisions of this chapter is against public policy and unenforceable. Nothing in this chapter prevents the parties to an excavation contract from contracting with respect to the allocation of risk for changed or differing site conditions. (4) In any action brought under this section, the prevailing party is entitled to reasonable attorneys' fees.
(1) Project owners shall indicate in bid or contract documents the existence of underground facilities known by the project owner to be located within the proposed area of excavation. The following are deemed to be changed or differing site conditions:
(a) An underground facility not identified as required by this chapter or other provision of law; or
(b) An underground facility not located, as required by this chapter or other provision of law, by the project owner, facility operator, or excavator if the project owner or excavator is also a facility operator.
(2) An excavator shall use reasonable care to avoid damaging underground facilities. An excavator must:
(a) Determine the precise location of underground facilities which have been marked pursuant to RCW 19.122.030 ;
(b) Plan the excavation to avoid damage to or minimize interference with underground facilities in and near the excavation area;
(c) Provide such support for underground facilities in and near the construction area, including during backfill operations, as may be reasonably necessary for the protection of such facilities;
(d) Use safe and careful work methods, taking into consideration the known and unknown underground facilities and the surface and subsurface to be excavated. If the marking is on a hard surface, methods of excavation may include pneumatic hand tools or other excavation methods that are commonly accepted as permissible for the type of surface encountered; and
(e) When directional boring will be implemented as a method of underground excavation, supplement white lining with physical exposure to avoid blind boring.
(3) If an underground facility is damaged and such damage is the consequence of the failure to fulfill an obligation under this chapter, the party failing to perform that obligation is liable for any damages. Any clause in an excavation contract which attempts to allocate liability, or requires indemnification to shift the economic consequences of liability, that differs from the provisions of this chapter is against public policy and unenforceable. Nothing in this chapter prevents the parties to an excavation contract from contracting with respect to the allocation of risk for changed or differing site conditions.
(4) In any action brought under this section, the prevailing party is entitled to reasonable attorneys' fees.
Source: WA Statutes (Official Site)URL: https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=19.122&full=trueFetched: 6/29/2026